Iyini le gciwane? Ake sithole ukuthi liyini ngempela!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento engabonakali emehlweni ethu, kodwa engasenza sigule. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngayo ibizwa ngokuthi 'igciwane'. Ngakho-ke ayini lawa magciwane? Angena kanjani emizimbeni yethu futhi asigulise? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela igciwane?

Kalula nje, igciwane liyigciwane elincane kakhulu, elingabonakali. Uma sithi lincane, lingaba lincane ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane kunebhaktheriya. Cabanga nje, igciwane nalo lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke lincane kangakanani igciwane!

Lawa magciwane awakwazi ukuphila noma ukuzala ngokwawo. Njengesela, adinga ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, okungukuthi, amaseli ezilwane, izitshalo, noma abantu abafana nathi. Kuphela ngemva kokungena lapho angaqala khona umsebenzi wawo, enze amagciwane amaningi afana nawo futhi asenze sigule. Yingakho amagciwane ebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-parasite angaphakathi kweseli abophekile', okusho ukuthi adinga ngempela elinye iseli eliphilayo ukuze aphile. Anobuqili kakhulu ekulawuleni amangqamuzana ethu nasekuzenzeleni izinto.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwegciwane nebhaktheriya?

Manje ungase ucabange, 'Ngakho-ke amabhaktheriya nawo angama-germs, kanti ama-virus nawo angama-germs, uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?' Yebo, lowo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba uma udida lokhu okubili, indlela yokwelapha ingaba yiphutha.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi amabhaktheriya ayizinto eziphilayo ezikhona ngokwazo, ezingahlukana futhi zande ngokwazo. Angaphila ngaphandle kwemizimba yethu (ezindaweni ezifanele) uma ethanda. Kodwa ama-virus awakwazi, kumele abe khona ngaphakathi kweseli eliphilayo. Ukuthi igciwane liyinto ephilayo ngempela noma cha kuyindaba yempikiswano phakathi kososayensi, ngoba afana nezinhlayiya ezingaphili ngaphandle kweseli.

Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi sisebenzisa 'ama-antibiotic' ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa lawa ma-antibiotic awanawo umthelela kumagciwane. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma bethola umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, baya ekhemisi bathenge '(ama-antibiotic)'. Lelo yiphutha elikhulu. Ngoba, uma unegciwane elibangelwa amagciwane, lelo '(ama-antibiotic)' ngeke lenze lutho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuthi uzongena nje emzimbeni, futhi mhlawumbe ukumelana nama-antibiotic kungase kukhule. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sithathe ukwelashwa okunikezwa udokotela ngemva kokukuhlola ngokucophelela nokunquma ukuthi ngabe yigciwane elibangelwa amagciwane noma yigciwane.

Amagciwane angena kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Asakazeka kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi leli gciwane elincane lingena kanjani emizimbeni yethu nokuthi lisakazeka kanjani lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi lokhu, ngoba uma kunjalo singakwazi ukuzivikela.

• Uma uphefumula: Uma umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma kakhulu, amaconsi amancane kakhulu amathe aphuma emlonyeni nasekhaleni lakhe. La maconsi angaqukatha igciwane. Uma umuntu oseduze ephefumula lo moya, igciwane lingangena ohlelweni lwakhe lokuphefumula. Cabanga nje, uma umuntu ogulayo ethimula ngenkathi egibele ibhasi noma isitimela, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi umuntu oseduze naye uzogula.
• Ukuthintana ngqo kanye nezindawo: Uma umuntu onegciwane ethinta ikhala noma umlomo wakhe bese ethinta isibambo somnyango, itafula, noma isandla somunye umuntu ngaleso sandla esifanayo, igciwane lingangena kulezo zindawo bese lingena esandleni somunye umuntu. Uma lowo muntu ethinta ubuso, impumulo, noma umlomo wakhe ngaleso sandla, igciwane lingangena emizimbeni yakhe. Yingakho sihlala sithi masigeze izandla zethu futhi singazithinti ubuso bethu. Amanye amagciwane angaphila ezindaweni amahora amaningi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinsuku.
• Ngokudla namanzi: Amanye amagciwane angadluliselwa ngokudla namanzi angcolile. Isibonelo, i-Hepatitis A ne-Norovirus. Yingakho kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokudla nokulungisa ukudla, ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile, nokupheka ukudla kahle.
• Ngegazi noketshezi lomzimba: Amanye amagciwane ayingozi, njenge-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, kanye ne-Hepatitis C, angadluliselwa ngegazi noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane. Awasatshalaliswa ngokuxhumana okungahleliwe, kodwa angasatshalaliswa ngocansi olungavikelekile, ukwabelana ngezinaliti zokujova izidakamizwa, kanye nokusuka kumama onegciwane aye enganeni yakhe.

Uyabona, kunezindlela eziningi zokusabalala kwamagciwane. Yingakho kokubili ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu kanye nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo kubalulekile.

Yiziphi izifo ezivame ukubangelwa amagciwane?

Kunezifo ezingenakubalwa esingazithola ngenxa yamagciwane. Ezinye zazo zivamile kakhulu futhi ziba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ezinye zazo zimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukwelashwa. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zezifo ezivame ukubonwa nokuzwakalayo ngegciwane.

• Umkhuhlane Ovamile: Sonke sike saba nalokhu. Kuyikhala eligobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, futhi mhlawumbe nobuhlungu bomzimba obuncane. Kungabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane (isib. i-Rhinovirus, i-Coronavirus).
• Umkhuhlane/Umkhuhlane: Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane ophakeme, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukukhathala, kanye nokukhwehlela. Kubangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-pneumonia.
• I-Chickenpox: Isifo abantu abaningi abasithola besebancane, esibangela amabhamuza emzimbeni wonke. Sibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(i-Varicella-zoster virus)`.
• Isimungumungwane:Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane, esibangela umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Manje njengoba sekukhona umuthi wokugomela lokhu, ukwanda kwalesi sifo kuphansi kakhulu, kodwa kungaba yingozi.
• Ukhunta: Esinye isifo esibangelwa yigciwane esibangela ukuvuvukala kwezihlathi. Kukhona futhi nomuthi wokugomela lokhu.
• Umkhuhlane we-Dengue: Ezweni lakithi, i-dengue iyisifo esivamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi esisongela ukuphila. Idluliselwa omiyane.
• I-Covid-19: Leli yigciwane sonke esilazi kahle futhi muva nje libangele ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke. Libangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus)`.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Zingaki ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezikhona! Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane afana ne-`(Rotavirus)` abangela uhudo, `(Hepatitis)` athinta isibindi, `(polio virus)` athinta uhlelo lwezinzwa (manje oluqedwe eSri Lanka ngenxa yokugonywa). Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isifo.

Umzimba wethu ulwa kanjani namagciwane?

Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, imizimba yethu ayimi nje lapho. Sinesimiso sokuzivikela esimangalisayo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, esisibiza ngokuthi 'isimiso sokuzivikela'. Kufana nebutho elivikela izwe.

Uma kufika igciwane, "lesi simiso sokuzivikela komzimba" siqala ukusebenza ngokushesha.

• Okokuqala, la magciwane ahlaselayo abonakala ngamaseli akhethekile afana namasosha abizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli amhlophe egazi'.
• Bese benza uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini olubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies'. Lawa 'ma-antibodies' enzelwe ukufanisa igciwane ngqo, esiza ekuvaleni nasekubhubhiseni igciwane. Cabanga ngakho njengesihluthulelo esifaka ukhiye.
• Futhi, ukuthola umkhuhlane nakho kuyindlela yokusabela evela ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Lapho umkhuhlane ukhula, kuba nzima ngamanye amagciwane ukusinda nokusabalala.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu nokukhathala komzimba esikuzwayo konke kubangelwa ukuthi imizimba yethu ilwa negciwane.

Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu ngokumelene namanye amagciwane angahlala emizimbeni yethu impilo yonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma lelo gciwane libuya, amasosha ethu omzimba angalibona ngokushesha futhi alinqobe. Yingakho izifo ezifana ne-chickenpox zingabuyi okwesibili. Imijovo yenza into efanayo. Lokho okwenziwa umjovo ukusinika igciwane elibuthakathaka noma elibulewe, noma ingxenye yegciwane, futhi kufundiswe amasosha ethu omzimba ukwenza amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nalo. Khona-ke, lapho kufika igciwane langempela, umzimba wethu usuke usukulungele.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele kumagciwane?

Akungcono yini ukuzivikela ngaphambi kokuba ugule kunokuthatha umuthi uma ugula? Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu esingazenza ukuze sihlale siphephile kumagciwane.

• Geza izandla zakho njalo: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.Zenze umkhuba ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Izintende zezandla zakho, ingemuva lezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, ngaphansi kwezinzipho zakho, zonke lezi zindawo. Ngaphambi kokudla, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela, ngemva kokuthinta izilwane, ngemva kokuthimula noma ukukhwehlela, nalapho ubuya ekhaya uvela ngaphandle. Uma insipho namanzi kungekho, ungasebenzisa nesihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho: Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngeduku noma izicubu. Uma ungenayo, okungenani thimula noma ukhwehlele ngaphakathi kwendololwane yakho. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okusabalalisa amagciwane kwabanye. Lahla ngokucophelela izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe emgqonyeni kadoti.
• Nciphisa ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, nomlomo: Zingaki izikhathi ngosuku esithinta ubuso bethu ngokungazi? Lezi yizindlela ezilula kakhulu zamagciwane asezandleni zethu zokungena emizimbeni yethu.
• Goma: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ezifweni eziningi eziyingozi zamagciwane ukugoma. Kunemithi yokugoma yezifo ezifana nesimungumungwane, ugomela, i-chickenpox, i-influenza, i-hepatitis B, i-polio, kanye ne-COVID-19. Goma izingane zakho ngesikhathi ngokohlelo lukahulumeni lokugoma lukazwelonke. Eminye imithi yokugoma inconywa nakubantu abadala (isib., umuthi wokugoma i-influenza minyaka yonke).
• Imikhuba emihle yezempilo:
• Ukudla okunomsoco: Ukudla imifino eminingi, izithelo, nokuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile kuqinisa "isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela".
• Lala ngokwanele: Lala kahle amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku. Ukungalali kahle kwenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthaka.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca okuncane nsuku zonke kuhle emzimbeni.
• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo: Uma othile enomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, ungasondeli kakhulu kuye. Uma ugula, hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Nciphisa ingozi yakho yokusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
• Gcina indawo ihlanzekile: Ukuze ugweme izifo ezifana ne-dengue, kubalulekile ukugcina izindawo lapho omiyane bangazalela khona (izindawo lapho amanzi ehlala khona) zihlanzekile.

Khumbula, le mikhuba elula ingakuvikela hhayi wena wedwa, kodwa nomndeni wakho kanye nabanye emphakathini emagciwaneni.

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Into efana nomkhuhlane ovamile ingelashwa ekhaya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukubona udokotela.

• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula: Uma uzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho siyaqina futhi kunzima ukuphefumula.
• Uma umkhuhlane ophezulu (isb., ngaphezu kuka-103°F / 39.4°C) ungehli izinsuku eziningana, noma uma umkhuhlane ufika, wehla isikhashana, bese ubuya.
• Uma ukuhlanza nohudo kungayeki: Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungase kube khona. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomlomo owomile, amehlo acwilayo, noma ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma unomkhuhlane omkhulu ohambisana nokuqubuka.
• Uma uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, ulele, noma ungaqaphile kahle kunokujwayelekile.
• Uma unezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, noma isifo sezinso, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu uma uthola ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kungumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela noma ngabe unezimpawu ezincane.
• Uma ungumama okhulelwe futhi unezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Izingane ezincane: Uma ingane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala inomkhuhlane (ngaphezu kuka-100.4°F / 38°C), noma uma ingane encane yanoma yimuphi ubudala igula ngendlela engavamile futhi ingadli noma ingadlali, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela kunokumane uthathe imithi ekhemisi. Yibona abazi kahle ukuthi benzeni ngesimo sakho.

Eminye imibono eyiphutha esinayo ngama-virus

Uma sikhuluma ngamagciwane, ngezinye izikhathi sithola ulwazi olungelona iqiniso kanye nemibono eyiphutha isakazeka phakathi kwethu. Ake sibheke eminye yayo.

• Umbono Oyiphutha: 'Imikhuhlane ibangelwa ukuchayeka emakhazeni noma ukumanziswa yimvula.'
• Iqiniso: Umkhuhlane ovamile ubangelwa yigciwane. Isimo sezulu esibandayo asibangeli ukwakheka kwamagciwane amasha. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokushisa, abantu bangaphakathi endlini futhi basondelene, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amagciwane asakazeke. Futhi, amasosha omzimba abanye abantu angase abe buthaka ngenxa yomkhuhlane omkhulu, okwenza babe namathuba amaningi okuthola ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ukusho ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo sibangela amagciwane ngqo.
• Umbono Oyiphutha: 'Kulungile ukuphuza ama-antibiotics kunoma yimuphi umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.'
• Iqiniso: Njengoba sesixoxile kakade, `(Ama-antibiotic)` asebenza kuphela kumagciwane. `(Ama-antibiotic)` awasizi ngalutho ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane. Ukusebenzisa `(Ama-antibiotic)` ngokungadingekile kuzoholela ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic, lapho `(Ama-antibiotic)` engeke asebenze uma uwudinga ngempela.
• Umbono oyiphutha: 'Imigomo ibangela izifo / Imigomo iyingozi.'
• Iqiniso: Imithi yokugoma iyimpumelelo enkulu kwezokwelapha. Imithi yokugoma yenziwa ngezinqubo zocwaningo nezokuphepha eziqine kakhulu. Umuthi wokugoma ungabangela imiphumela emibi emincane njengomkhuhlane omncane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, kodwa lokho kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ayasebenza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela emibi yezifo ezingavinjelwa imithi yokugoma, ukuphepha nezinzuzo zemithi yokugoma kukhulu kakhulu. Ungakhohliswa yimibono eyiphutha mayelana nemithi yokugoma.
• Umbono oyiphutha: 'Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, lizokugulisa nakanjani.'
• Iqiniso:Lokhu akwenzeki njalo. Uma `(Isistimu sethu somzimba)` siqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho noma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, lingalawulwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Futhi, lingahluka kuye ngokuthi igciwane lingena kangakanani (umthwalo wegciwane).

Ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi kusisiza kakhulu ekubhekaneni namagciwane.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Nokho, sikhulume kakhulu ngamagciwane namuhla, akunjalo? Ngithemba ukuthi uzwile okuthile kulokho esikhulume ngakho. Okokugcina, khumbula la maphuzu kahle:

• Ama-virus amancane kakhulu, angabonakali amagciwane adinga elinye iseli eliphilayo (iseli eliyibamba) ukuze liphile futhi litheleleke.
• Amagciwane namagciwane kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Ama-antibiotic awakwazi ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Amagciwane asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi avela ekuthinimula nasekukhwehleleni, ngezandla ezingcolile, nangokuthinta izindawo ezingcolile.
• Ama-virus ayimbangela yezifo eziningi, njengomkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, i-chickenpox, kanye ne-dengue.
• Amasosha ethu omzimba yiwo alwa namagciwane.
• Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivikela kumagciwane yilezi:
• Geza izandla zakho ngensipho njalo.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula.
• Ukuthola imijovo edingekayo ngesikhathi.
• Ukugcina imikhuba emihle yezempilo (ukudla okunomsoco, ukulala, ukuzivocavoca).
• Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma useqenjini elisengozini, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma sonke sihlangana futhi silandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilula, singagwema izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi sihlale siphilile. Ungakhathazeki, ukuqwashisa kuyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu!

Igciwane , Izifo, Ukutheleleka, Ukungavikeleki Emzimbeni, Ukuvikelwa, Impilo