Ingabe unazo lezi zinkinga zomphimbo? Ake sifunde ngomdlavuza we-laryngeal!

Uzizwa sengathi izwi lakho liyashintsha kancane kancane? Noma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho, okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane kungumkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka komphimbo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwento engathi sína kakhulu. Yingakho namuhla sicabange ukuthi sizokhuluma ngale nto ebizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-laryngeal. Ungesabi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Uyini umdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza we-laryngeal umdlavuza okhula e-larynx yakho . I-larynx iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomphimbo wethu. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi "ibhokisi lezwi." Ngoba siyakhuluma, siyaphefumula, futhi siyagwinya ngosizo lwale-larynx. Izintambo zethu zezwi nazo zitholakala ngaphakathi kwale-larynx.

Manje, uyini umdlavuza? Umdlavuza uvela lapho amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu eqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Amangqamuzana angajwayelekile akha ngale ndlela angahlangana ndawonye akhe isimila. Yilokhu okwenzekayo kumdlavuza we-laryngeal. Njengoba lawa mangqamuzana omdlavuza ephindaphindeka, ahlasela izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile futhi alimaze umzimba wethu.

Cabanga nje, i-larynx yethu ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu:

1. I-Supraglottis (ingxenye engenhla): Cishe ama-35% omdlavuza we-laryngeal, noma ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu, aqala kule ngxenye.

2. I-Glottis (ingxenye ephakathi): Izintambo zezwi zitholakala lapha. Cishe ama-60%, noma ngaphezulu kwengxenye, yomdlavuza we-laryngeal uqala kule ngxenye ebalulekile.

3. Ama-Subglottis (ingxenye engezansi): Cishe ama-5% omdlavuza we-laryngeal, noma cishe oyedwa kwabangu-20, aqala kule ngxenye.

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyingxenye yohlobo lwe- Head and Neck Cancers . Kunezibalo ezivela kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni, isibonelo, e-United States, kuthiwa abantu ababalelwa ku-12,500 batholakala benalesi sifo minyaka yonke, kanti ababalelwa ku-4,000 bayafa ngenxa yaso. Umdlavuza onjalo uyabonakala naseSri Lanka, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Inkinga enkulu ngalokhu ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zingadidaniswa kalula nezezinye izifo ezivamile . Uphawu oluvame kakhulu ukusha . Uma kungathuthuki ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, kufanele usole. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umkhuhlane nje. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
• Izinguquko zezwi (isib., ukuhosha) eziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma okunye ukungakhululeki lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo .
• Iqhubu entanyeni noma emphinjeniUkubamba into enjalo.
• Ubunzima bokukhiqiza izwi `(Dysphonia)` .
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe (ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa).

Okubalulekile: Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha :

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) .
• Umsindo ophakeme nonamandla (Stridor) lapho uphefumula .
• Ukuzwa njalo ngento ebambeke emphinjeni (i-Globus Sensation) .
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-Hemoptysis) .

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Kunezimbangela eziningana eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mdlavuza.

• Ezinye izinhlobo ze -HPV (Human Papillomavirus) , isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI), zingabangela umdlavuza we-laryngeal.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ugwayi (kufaka phakathi ukubhema) kanye nokuphuza utshwala obuningi kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza. Uma nikwenza kokubili ndawonye, ​​​​ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Kunezinye izinto eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ukukhula kwalo mdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi zinto, ngoba ezinye zazo singazilawula.

• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi: Lesi yisona sici esiyinhloko esiyingozi . Abantu ababhemayo banamathuba amaningi okuthola lo mdlavuza.
• Ukuphuza utshwala: Ingozi iyanda, ikakhulukazi uma uphuza iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku . Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu kumuntu obhema futhi aphuze utshwala.
• Ubudala: Lo mdlavuza uvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55.
• Ubulili: Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuthola lo mdlavuza kunabesifazane. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokusabalala okuphezulu kokubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile phakathi kwamadoda.
• Njengoba wake waba nomdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo ngaphambilini: Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane (25%) oke waba nalolu hlobo lomdlavuza ngaphambili uzophinde abe nomdlavuza kule ndawo.
• Umsebenzi: Eminye imisebenzi nayo ikhulisa ingozi ngenxa yokuchayeka ezidakamizweni. Isibonelo:
• Inkungu ye-Sulfuric Acid
• Uthuli Lwezinkuni
• I-Nickel
• I-Asbestos
• Ukusebenza emafektri akhiqiza igesi ye-mustard.
• Abantu abasebenza ngemishini nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza we-laryngeal.

Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal utholakala kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho , bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.Umphimbo wakho nentamo yakho kuzohlolwa. Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala, cishe uzonikezwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongweni?

Kunezivivinyo eziningana eziyinhloko ezenziwe ngalokhu:

• Ukuskena Izithombe:
• I-CT scan noma i-MRI scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane yengaphakathi lomzimba. Kungabonisa izinto ezifana nosayizi wesimila somdlavuza kanye nendawo esikuyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emaphashini.
• I-Laryngoscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope , elifakwe ikhamera nokukhanya, ngomlomo noma ekhaleni bese lehla emphinjeni. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ngqo ngaphakathi kwe-larynx.
• I-PET Scan: Kulokhu, kufakwa umthamo omncane kakhulu, ophephile wento ekhipha imisebe emthanjeni. Lo mkhiqizo ubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akuphi.
• I-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokuqinisekisa umdlavuza . Ucezu oluncane lwezicubu ezingavamile luthathwa elangeni bese luhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Isazi sezifo , usosayensi wezicubu, sihlola la maseli. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza zisebenza kuphela uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza enezimpawu ezithile zamaprotheni. Ngakho-ke le biopsy ihlola nalezi zimpawu.

Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Njengengxenye yokuxilongwa, isigaba somdlavuza siyanqunywa. Lokhu kusho ukunquma ukuthi umdlavuza unzima kangakanani, ukuthi isimila sesikhule kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe sesisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-laryngeal zimi kanje:

• Umdlavuza Wasekuqaleni We-Laryngeal: Ezigabeni 0, 1, kanye no-2, isimila sincane. Umdlavuza awukasabalali ngale kwe-larynx.
• Umdlavuza We-Laryngeal Othuthukile: Ezigabeni 3 no-4, isimila sesikhule saba sikhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi sithinte izintambo zezwi, noma kungenzeka ukuthi sisakazekele kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza we-larynx usakazeka kuphi okokuqala?

Umdlavuza osakazekela ngale kwe-larynx ungasakazekela endlaleni ye-thyroid, ku-trachea, emhubheni, olimini, emaphashini, esibindini nasemathanjeni .

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza we-laryngeal. Kuye ngesimo sakho, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokhetha ukwelashwa okukulungele.

• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza ngemisebe.Imisebe yemisebe enamandla aphezulu isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi imisebe iqondiswe kuphela esimila somdlavuza, umonakalo ezicutshini eziphilile ezizungezile uyancishiswa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Odokotela bomdlavuza bezokwelapha basebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukubambezela ukukhula kwawo. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kwelashwa kungabangela imiphumela emibi, kodwa odokotela bangasiza ekulawuleni.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho, uhlelo lokuzivikela, ukuze lulwe nomdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa nge-biologic .
• Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose amaprotheni athile kumaseli omdlavuza, ngaleyo ndlela kuwavimbele ukuthi azalane.
• Ukuhlinzwa:
• Emdlavuzeni wesigaba sokuqala , ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kususwe isimila somdlavuza kuphela kuyilapho kulondolozwa i-larynx (okungukuthi, kulondolozwa ikhono lokukhuluma nokugwinya).
• Ezimweni zomdlavuza ezithuthukile , odokotela abahlinzayo kungadingeka benze i-laryngectomy , okuwukuhlinzwa kokususa yonke i-larynx.

Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukwelashwa okungaphezu kokukodwa. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwe-larynx ezikhona?

Ukuhlinzwa kusetshenziswa ukususa umdlavuza. Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-laryngeal ukususa isimila esinomdlavuza ngenkathi kulondolozwa umsebenzi we-larynx. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukususa ingxenye ye-larynx noma yonke i-larynx. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa:

• Ukususwa kwe-Cordectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye noma yonke intambo yezwi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngomlomo.
• Ukususwa kwe-Supraglottic Laryngectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye engenhla ye-larynx (supraglottis). Lokhu kungenziwa ngentamo noma ngomlomo.
• Ukususwa kwengxenye ye-larynx: Ukususwa kwengxenye ye-larynx. Lokhu kungasiza ekulondolozeni izwi lakho.
• Ukususwa kwengxenye ye-larynx: Ukususwa kwengxenye ye-larynx. Lokhu kungalondoloza nekhono lokukhuluma.
• Ukususwa kwe-Laryngectomy ephelele: Ukususwa kwe-larynx yonke ngentamo.
• Ukususwa kwe-thyroid: Ukususwa kwayo yonke noma ingxenye yayo yonke i-thyroid gland (uma umdlavuza ususakazeke).
• Ukuhlinzwa Nge-Laser: Ukusebenzisa umsebe we-laser ukususa isimila ngaphandle kokuphuma kwegazi.

Ungayikhetha kanjani indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu?

Ngomdlavuza we-laryngeal osesigabeni sokuqala, ithimba lezokwelapha cishe lizoncoma ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi kokubili kuyasebenza. Lapho kunqunywa ukwelashwa, ithimba lezokwelapha lizocabangela izici eziningana, njenge:

• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kokulondoloza ikhono lakho lokukhuluma nokugwinya ?
• Ikhono lakho lokulandela izifiso zakho, amathemba akho, kanye nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Ezinye izifo onazo.
• Isidingo sezwi lakho (isib. somsebenzi wakho).
• Uhlobo lwezwi lakho.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyabhema njengamanje noma wake wabhema esikhathini esidlule.
• Ikhono lakho lokuphefumula.
• Ukusekelwa okuvela kwabathandekayo bakho.

Ungazivikela yini kumdlavuza we-larynx?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuvikela ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu yokuthola izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza we-laryngeal. Lokho kuhlanganisa nokwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo:

• Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Nciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala. Uma uluthekile utshwala, funa ukwelashwa.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo . Yidla imifino nezithelo eziningi.

"Yeka ukubhema namuhla. Kungakuvikela hhayi nje kuphela kumdlavuza we-laryngeal, kodwa nakwezinye izifo eziningi."

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kokususwa kwe-laryngectomy?

Okwamanje akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile nokuvamile kokuhlolwa komdlavuza we-laryngeal. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuhosha, ezinye izinguquko, noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungabamba umdlavuza kusenesikhathi. Khona-ke kulula ukwelapha futhi amathuba okululama aphezulu.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Ngemva kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokubona udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ukuze ubone ukuthi uyalulama yini. Udokotela uzonaka lezi zinto:

• Ukwelashwa kwanoma yiluphi ubuhlungu.
• Ukusiza ukulawula ubunzima bokugwinya noma izilonda emlonyeni nasemqaleni (mucositis) .
• Xoxani ngemikhuba yenu yokudla futhi niqiniseke ukuthi ningadla futhi nigwinye ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kunganikezwa uma kunezibazi entanyeni noma kunzima ukuvula umlomo.

Iyini inhloso yabantu abanomdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Umbono wakho uncike ezintweni eziningana. Isibonelo, isigaba somdlavuza, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza we-laryngeal wesigaba sokuqala unethuba elikhulu lokusinda . Ngomdlavuza osuthuthukile osusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, amathuba okusinda aphansi kancane.

Kodwa,Ngisho nomdlavuza we-larynx osuthuthukile ungelapheka. Uma umdlavuza ubuya, uvame ukwenzeka eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu yokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa. Ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza ubuya ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu iphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhema noma uphuza utshwala futhi ungayeki, usengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza omusha kule ndawo.

Ingabe kuzodingeka ngithole i-stoma?

Uma uhlinzwe i-laryngectomy ngokuphelele , udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokwakha indlela entsha yokuphefumula entanyeni yakho ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumula. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-stoma . Kungaba unomphela noma okwesikhashana. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze unakekele i-stoma yakho:

• Yihlole nsuku zonke ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihlanzekile futhi ayinayo i-mucus.
• Susa i-mucus ku-stoma usebenzisa i-saline spray noma indwangu.
• Gcina kumanzi nge-saline spray.
• Hlanza indawo ezungeze i-stoma usebenzisa insipho namanzi athambile.
• Ungacwilisi i-stoma emanzini.
• Gcina i-stoma yakho imboziwe (ngesikhafu noma isembozo esikhethekile se-stoma) ukuze uvimbele uthuli ukuthi lungangeni. Yigcine imboziwe lapho ushefa futhi ugeza.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma i-larynx yami yonke isusiwe?

Uma ubhema, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka . Gwema ugwayi ngokuphelele ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa. Abantu ababhema ngemva kokwelashwa basengozini enkulu yokuthola ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, abantu abayeka ukubhema basengozini encane kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza. Ukubhema kungalibazisa ukululama kwakho futhi kwenze imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ibe mibi kakhulu.

Ngizokwazi yini ukukhuluma ngemva kokwelashwa ngomdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi.

• Uma uhlinzwe i-laryngectomy ephelele (okusho ukuthi yonke i-larynx isusiwe), kuzodingeka ufunde indlela entsha yokukhuluma. Uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma uzokusiza ngalokhu.
• Uma udokotela ohlinzayo esuse ingxenye kuphela ye-larynx yakho, izwi lakho lingase libe lihoshozela ekuqaleni, kodwa cishe uzolithola izwi lakho. Kodwa-ke, lingase lizwakale futhi lizwakale ngendlela ehlukile kunangaphambili.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa ngemisebe, zingabangela ukuthi ulahlekelwe yizwi lakho okwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, izwi lakho livame ukubuya uma i-larynx yakho isipholile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza we-laryngeal, buza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Umdlavuza ukusiphi isigaba?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ukwelashwa kuzokuthinta kanjani ukukhuluma kwami, ukuphefumula, kanye nokugwinya kwami?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ingabe umdlavuza ungaphinde ubuye?
• Ngiphilile kanjani?

Ubani osiza ekuxilongeni nasekuphatheni umdlavuza we-laryngeal?

Ithimba lokunakekelwa komdlavuza we-laryngeal livame ukuba nochwepheshe abaningana kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo abavela emikhakheni ehlukene:

• Odokotela Abahlinzayo Bekhanda Nentamo: Laba ngodokotela be-Otolaryngologists abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukususa umdlavuza endaweni yekhanda nentamo.
• Odokotela Bomdlavuza Wemisebe: Yelapha umdlavuza ngokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Odokotela Bomdlavuza Bezokwelapha: Yelapha umdlavuza ngemithi efana ne-chemotherapy.
• Odokotela Bamazinyo Nodokotela Abahlinzayo Bomlomo: Banikeza izinsizakalo ezifana ne-X-ray futhi belapha umdlavuza womlomo.
• Ochwepheshe Bezokwelapha Inkulumo / Ochwepheshe Bezifo Zolimi Lwenkulumo (SLPs): Hlola futhi welaphe izinkinga zenkulumo, ulimi, izwi, ukucabanga, kanye nokugwinya.
• Odokotela Bokudla Ababhalisiwe: Siza ekutholeni ukudla okunempilo okusekelwe esimweni sempilo yesiguli, ukugula, noma ukulimala.
• Izisebenzi Zezenhlalakahle: Zisebenza ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi zinikeze ulwazi ezigulini nasemindenini. Zinikeza ukwelulekwa, ukudluliselwa ezinsizeni zasendaweni nezesizwe, ulwazi mayelana namaqembu okusekela, kanye nolwazi mayelana nosizo lwezezimali.
• Abahlinzeki Bokunakekelwa Okuyinhloko: Babheka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Isifinyezo nezinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza we-laryngeal, njengokushoshozela noma ezinye izinguquko ezwini lakho, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubunzima bokugwinya, sicela ubone udokotela . Izigaba 0 no-1 zomdlavuza we-laryngeal zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokwelapha uma zelashwa kusenesikhathi. Futhi, ukwelapha umdlavuza kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekulondolozeni ikhono lakho lokukhuluma nokudla. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza wakho.

Khumbula, ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-laryngeal. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuyeka le mikhuba emibi. Hlala uphilile!

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