Kuyini "Ukungaboni Ngokwemithetho"? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Cishe uke wezwa inkulumo ethi “Uyimpumputhe Ngokomthetho.” Kodwa mhlawumbe uyazibuza, “Ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukubona nhlobo? Noma ingabe kusho okunye?” Lokhu kuyinto edinga ukucaciswa okuthile. Ngoba akulona igama lezokwelapha elivame ukusetshenziswa odokotela. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalo ngokuningiliziwe, akunjalo?

Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuthi "Uyimpumputhe Ngokomthetho"?

Kalula nje, igama elithi "Legally Blind" liyigama elisemthethweni nelokuphatha elisho ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokubona. Akulona igama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isifo. Kunalokho, lisetshenziswa yizikhungo ezifana nezikhungo zikahulumeni ukunquma ukuthi ubani ofanelekela izinqubomgomo nezinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa umbono. Okusho ukuthi, uma ukuqonda komuntu, noma ukuqonda kwakhe, kufana noma kungaphansi kwala mazinga, lowo muntu ubhekwa "njengokungaboni ngokusemthethweni."

Cabanga ngale ndlela, abanye abantu abakwazi ukubona kahle ngisho nangezibuko. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uhulumeni angalinganisa ukuthi umbono wabo mubi kangakanani futhi anikeze impumuzo ethile. Le nto "engaboni ngokusemthethweni" injalo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kobumpumputhe obuphelele kanye "nobumpumputhe obusemthethweni"?

Uma sithi "izimpumputhe," abantu abaningi bacabanga ngesimo lapho bengaboni lutho, konke kumnyama kakhulu. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "Akukho Ukubona Ukukhanya" (NLP) . Lokho kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukubona ngisho nokukhanya okuncane. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abayizimpumputhe abawela kulesi sigaba. Eqinisweni, abantu abayi-15% kuphela abanesifo samehlo abayizimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Abanye abangu -85% banezinga elithile lokubona. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi bangafunda umbhalo omkhulu, baqaphele izinto ezinkulu, noma bahlukanise ukukhanya nobumnyama.

"Ukuba yimpumputhe ngokomthetho" kusho ukuthi umuntu unezinga elithile lokubona, kodwa akwanele ukuthola impumuzo emthethweni.

Kunqunywa kanjani ukuthi "ubumpumputhe ngokomthetho"? (Isibonelo saseMelika)

Indlela okunqunywa ngayo lokhu "okungaboni ngokusemthethweni" ingahluka kancane kuye ngezwe. Ake sibheke ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani e-United States, isibonelo. Lapho, i-Social Security Administration (SSA) iyisikhungo sikahulumeni esibeka imithetho. Basebenzisa incazelo eyethulwa yi-American Medical Association ngo-1934.

Ngokwaleyo ncazelo, ukuze umuntu abe "yimpumputhe ngokomthetho," okungenani okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo kumele kube yiqiniso:

• Ngisho noma ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens, ukubona kwakho esweni lakho elingcono kufanele kube ngu-20/200 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubhekisela embonweni ophakathi nendawo yokubuka kwakho. Uma elinye lamehlo akho lingcono kunelinye, isilinganiso sithathwa esweni elingcono.
• Insimu yakho yokubona akufanele ibe banzi ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-20.Lokho kusho ukuthi ububanzi ongabubona kufanele bube buncane kakhulu. Futhi, uma insimu yokubona yelinye iso ibanzi kunelinye, isilinganiso sithathwa kulelo liso elingcono.

Okubalulekile: Lena incazelo evela e-United States. Kungase kube nezincazelo noma izindlela ezahlukene eSri Lanka noma kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa umqondo oyisisekelo ufana kakhulu - okungukuthi, izinga elikhulu lokukhubazeka kokubona.

Uyini umbono we-20/200? Masiwuqonde kalula

Uma sihlolwa amehlo, odokotela basinika izinombolo ezimbili, isibonelo 20/20, 20/40, 20/200. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?

Ngokuvamile, umbono we-20/20 ubhekwa njengombono onempilo nojwayelekile.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi 20/200:

• Inombolo yokuqala (20) iwukuthi ukude kangakanani lapho ubheka khona into ethile (ezinyaweni).
• Inombolo yesibili (200) iwukuthi umuntu obona kahle angayibona kanjani into efanayo ngokucacile kude.

Kalula nje, umuntu obona ngeso elibanzi kungadingeka asondele ngamamitha angaba ngu-20 ukuze abone okuthile umuntu obona ngeso elibanzi ngeso elibanzi angakubona kahle eqhele ngamamitha angu-200. Ngaphandle kwalokho, into kungadingeka ibe nkulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi ukuze ibonakale kahle kulelo banga.

Cabanga nje, uma uhamba emgwaqweni futhi umuntu ovamile engafunda inombolo yebhasi eqhele ngamamitha angu-200, wena, onombono ongu-20/200, kufanele ulinde uze ube ngamamitha angu-20 ukusuka ebhasini ukuze uyifunde. Uyaqonda?

• Uma inombolo yesibili incane (isib. 20/15), kusho ukuthi umbono wakho ungcono kunesilinganiso.
• Uma inombolo yesibili inkulu (isib. 20/200), kusho ukuthi umbono wakho ubuthakathaka kunesilinganiso.

Amanye amazwe emhlabeni asibona kanjani lesi simo?

Nakuba umkhawulo "wokungaboni ngokusemthethweni" e-United States ungu-20/200, amanye amazwe asebenzisa amanye amagama noma achaze amazinga abucayi kakhulu okukhubazeka kokubona.

Isibonelo, i-United Kingdom (UK) isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-metric. Lapho, umbono ka-6/60 (ocishe ulingane no-20/200) ubhekwa "njengongaboni kahle (ongaboni kahle)" . Banomkhawulo ka- 6/150 (ocishe ulingane no-20/500 ngezinyawo) futhi bakubiza ngokuthi "ungaboni kahle kakhulu (ongaboni kahle) .

Futhi, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke athembele ku- International Health Organisation (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ukuze athole izincazelo zomthetho. Uhlelo lwakamuva lwe-11 lwe-ICD luhlukanisa ukukhubazeka kokubona, olunezigaba ezintathu "zobumpumputhe."

I-ICD ihlukanisa ukukhubazeka kokubona kanye nobumpumputhe ngokwezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhubazeka okuncane kokubona: Ukubona esweni elihle kakhulu, uma usebenzisa izibuko, kungaphansi kuka-6/12 kodwa kufana noma kungcono kuno-6/18.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona okumaphakathi:Esweni elihle kakhulu, ukubona ngezibuko kungaphansi kuka-6/18 kodwa kufana noma kungcono kuno-6/60.
• Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokubona: Ukubona esweni elihle kakhulu, ngezibuko, kungaphansi kuka-6/60 kodwa kufana noma kungcono kuno-3/60 (noma akukho ukubona okukhanyayo). (Lokhu kuvame ukulingana "nobumpumputhe obusemthethweni").
• Ubumpumputhe: Ukubona esweni elihle kakhulu, ngezibuko, kungaphansi kuka-3/60, noma insimu yokubuka ingaphansi kwamadigri ayi-10. (Kunezinye izigaba ezincane ngaphakathi kwalokhu futhi).

Kuvame kangakanani "ubumpumputhe obungokomthetho"?

"Ukungaboni ngokomthetho" akuyona into evamile. Kodwa ochwepheshe balindele ukuthi inani labantu abanalesi simo lizokhula ngokushesha emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Ucwaningo lwango-2016 lulinganisele ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi e-United States bahlangabezana nenqubo yombono engu-20/200. Lolu cwaningo olufanayo lulinganisele nokuthi leli nani lizophindeka kabili ngo-2050.

Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezifo zamehlo ezenzeka ngokuguga (isib., i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nokuguga) kanye nomonakalo omkhulu emehlweni ngenxa yezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela.

Ngisithola kanjani isitifiketi salokhu "ubumpumputhe obusemthethweni"? (Inqubo evamile)

Inqubo yokuthola isitifiketi salolu hlobo lwesimo ingahluka kuye ngezwe. E-United States, i-Social Security Administration (SSA) yinhlangano eyinhloko ebeka izimfanelo zalokhu.

Ngokuvamile, nazi ezinye izinto ezingabaluleka ukuthi uzazi uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola isitifiketi esinjengalesi:

• Ama-ejensi angacela amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha: Nakuba kungadingeka ukuthi unikeze ubufakazi bokufakazela ukuthi "uyimpumputhe ngokomthetho," ama-ejensi angakusiza ukuthi uqoqe lobo bufakazi uma kudingeka. Angacela amarekhodi kudokotela wakho wamehlo noma kwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo. Kodwa adinga imvume yakho ukuze enze kanjalo.
• Udokotela wakho ungumthombo oyinhloko wolwazi: kodwa uma ungenawo, noma uma udokotela wakho engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa ngesizathu esithile, i-ejensi ingahlela ukuhlolwa kokubonisana ukuze kutholakale ukuthi uyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso "zobumpumputhe obusemthethweni."
• Ungase ufanelekele isitifiketi noma ngabe ukulahlekelwa kwakho umbono akuhlali njalo: Noma ngabe ukukhubazeka kwakho kokubona kungokwesikhashana noma kungashintsha, kungase kungabi yisithiyo ekutholeni izinzuzo ezinjalo. Kuncike emithethweni nasezinqubweni zezwe okukhulunywa ngalo.

ESri Lanka, ungathola ulwazi mayelana nokuthola usizo kanye nezinsizakalo zezimo ezinjalo ezikhungweni ezifana noMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zezenhlalo . Futhi, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokwazi ukunikeza isiqondiso kulokhu.

Yiziphi izinzuzo ezitholakalayo uma "uyimpumputhe ngokomthetho"?

Uma usuqinisekisiwe ukuthi "uyimpumputhe ngokusemthethweni," ungase ufanelekele izinzuzo nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene emazweni ahlukene. Ake sibheke ezinye izinzuzo zikahulumeni ezitholakala e-United States njengesibonelo:

• Izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke zoMshuwalense Wokukhubazeka Wezokuphepha Komphakathi (SSDI) .
• Izinkokhelo zeNyanga Zonke Zemali Engenayo Yokuphepha Engeziwe (i-SSI) (lezi zingahluka kuye ngesifundazwe).
• Umshwalense nge -Medicare (noma ngabe awukadluli eminyakeni engu-65).

Lezi yizibonelo nje ezivela e-United States. Kungase kube nezinhlobo ezahlukene zosizo ezitholakala eSri Lanka noma kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi usizo lwezezimali, usizo lwezemfundo, izindawo ezikhethekile zokuthola amathuba emisebenzi, usizo lokuhamba, kanye namadivayisi okusiza (isb., izinduku ezimhlophe, isofthiwe ekhethekile).

Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungabuza udokotela wakho wamehlo, abahlinzeki bezempilo, noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezifanele (isib., uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zezenhlalo).

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe ngokungathi sína

Okokugcina, nansi into. "Ukungaboni ngokomthetho" akuyona ilebula elikuchazayo. Kumane kuyisimo esisemthethweni esikusiza ukuthi uthole izinzuzo nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nokungaboni. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenzisa leli gama ukuchaza ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezithile okudingeka uzihlangabezane nazo ukuze ufanelekele izinzuzo nezinsizakalo ezithile.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enenkinga yokubona, ungesabi. Bheka uchwepheshe wamehlo ukuze uthole iseluleko. Bangakutshela kahle ukuthi isimo sakho siyini, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, nokuthi ungasifaka kanjani isicelo salezo zinzuzo uma kudingeka. Khumbula, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukucela usizo.

Ubumpumputhe obusemthethweni , ukukhubazeka kokubona, ukukhubazeka kokubona, impilo yamehlo, umbono ongu-20/200, izinzuzo zokuphepha komphakathi, insimu yokubona