Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Leprosy noma i-Hansen's Disease.

Uma uthi 'uchoko', cishe uyathuthumela kancane, akunjalo? Esikhathini esidlule, lesi sifo sasiyisifo abantu ababesikhipha inyumbazane futhi besabe lapho besithola. Kodwa empeleni, manje uchoko luyisifo esingelapheki ngokuphelele esingadluliselwa kalula. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Kalula nje, uchoko luwukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Lungathinta kakhulu imizwa yakho, isikhumba, amehlo, imisipha kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula . Ngezinye izikhathi lungabangela ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, ukungazweli, kanye nokukhubazeka okungapheli uma lungelashwa.

Ingabe uchoko lusekhona emhlabeni?

Yebo, uchoko lusekhona emhlabeni. Kubikwa amacala amasha angaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, emazweni anjengeMelika, akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, emazweni ase-Asia njengelethu, amazwe ase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, lesi sifo sisabonakala. Njengoba amacala ochoko ebikwa ngezikhathi ezithile eSri Lanka, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile esikhumbeni sakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikaHansen?

Izimpawu zochoko zibonakala kancane kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase zivele eminyakeni, ngisho namashumi eminyaka, ngemva kokuba amagciwane esengene emzimbeni . Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

• Amathegi esikhumba: Lawa ahlukile kwesikhumba esivamile. Angase abe nombala ohlukile (okhanyayo), obomvu, ojiyile, ovuvukele, noma angabi namizwa . Amaphethelo ala mathegi nawo angabonakala ephakanyisiwe.
• Amaqhubu abomvu noma ansomi: Isikhumba singase sibonakale njengamaqhubu noma amaqhubu kwezinye izindawo.
• Amanxeba angenabuhlungu ezithendeni zezinyawo: Amanxeba angenabuhlungu angavela, ikakhulukazi ezithendeni zezinyawo. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ungase ungaqapheli nokuthi unesilonda, esingavuvukala futhi sikhule sibe sikhulu.
• Imizwa evuvukile: Eminye imizwa ingase ivuvuke futhi izwakale ithambile uma ithintwa.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka: Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomzimba (ukukhubazeka) kungenzeka.
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele ngamashiya noma ngamajwabu amehlo: Lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso abanye abantu ababhekana naso.
• Izinkinga zokubona: Ukubona kungase kunciphe futhi kungase kube nezinye izinkinga zamehlo.

Uchoko ludluliselwa kanjani?

Uchoko lubangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Mycobacterium leprae. Odokotela abakaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi lusakazeka kanjani lusuka komunye umuntu luye komunye. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lusakazeka ngamaconsi angena emoyeni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula .

Yebo, uchoko luyisifo esithathelwanayo. Kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi lusabalale njengoba ungase ucabange. Ukuze uthole uchoko, kufanele usondelane nomuntu onegciwane izinyanga eziningi . Futhi, amasosha omzimba amaningi abantu alwa namagciwane futhi awalawule.Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma usuqale ukwelashwa kochoko, ngeke ukwazi ukusabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu.

Ungakhathazeki! Uchoko aludluliselwa kalula. Uma selwelashiwe, ukudluliselwa kuyaphela ngokuphelele.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola uchoko?

Abantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho uchoko luvame khona basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izingxenye zase-Asia, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Amacala ochoko abikwa ngezikhathi ezithile eSri Lanka, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yochoko?

Uma uchoko lungelashwa kahle, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zalezi zingaba unomphela:

• Ukukhubazeka okungapheli.
• Ukulimala unomphela ezandleni nasezinyaweni: Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuzisebenzisa.
• Izinguquko ezihlala njalo ekubukekeni: Izinguquko ebusweni nasesikhumbeni zingase zenzeke.
• Iminwe emifushane: Iminwe yamalunga ingase ifinyezwe futhi ikhubazeke.
• Amanxeba angapholi: Amanxeba, ikakhulukazi lawo asezindaweni ezingenamandla, angase aqhubeke ngaphandle kokuphola.
• Ubumpumputhe.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli.

Yingakho sithi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu .

Odokotela baluthola kanjani uchoko?

Uma unezimpawu zochoko, udokotela uzokuxilonga. Ngokuyinhloko zizo:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: Isikhumba sakho sizohlolwa ngokucophelela, futhi uzohlolwa ukuthi awunamizwa futhi awuvuvukele yini.
• Ukuthatha ingxenye encane yesikhumba noma inzwa (i-Biopsy): Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ingxenye encane yesikhumba (i-skin biopsy) ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yenzwa nayo ingathathwa.
• Okunye ukuhlolwa: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhanjiswa kwemizwa nakho kungenziwa.

Ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lochoko onalo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko:

• Uchoko lwe-Tuberculoid / Uchoko lwe-Paucibacillary: Izimpawu zivame ukuba zincane kulolu hlobo. Amabala ambalwa akhanyayo noma abomvu esikhumbeni, ubuthakathaka obuncane bemisipha, kanye nokungazweli okumbalwa kuvamile. Inani lamagciwane liphansi kulolu hlobo.
• Uchoko olune-lepromatous / Uchoko olune-multibacillary: Lolu hlobo lunezimpawu eziningi. Izilonda namaqhubu kungavela emzimbeni wonke. Imizwa, isikhumba, kanye nezitho zangaphakathi kungalimala. Lokhu kubangelwa inani elikhulu lamagciwane.
• Uchoko olusemngceleni / Uchoko olunesimo esingafani: Lokhu kungaba nezici ezixubile kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla.

Luphathwa kanjani uchoko?

Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu: uchoko lungelapheka ngokuphelele!Odokotela basebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-antibiotic, ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Multidrug Therapy (MDT), ukubulala amagciwane.

Ama-antibiotic ayinhloko anikezwayo yilawa:

• `UDapsone`
• `I-Rifampin`
• `I-Clofazimine`

Kuzodingeka uphuze lo muthi njalo izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 (cishe unyaka) . Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zithuthuka, kufanele uwuphuze ngesikhathi esiphelele udokotela wakho akutshele sona. Asikho isidingo sokuzihlukanisa nabanye abantu ngenkathi uthola ukwelashwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe amaqhubu esikhumba futhi kusize ngokulimala kwemizwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izilonda zesikhumba, ukungazweli, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi uchoko noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwenza ukwelashwa kube lula futhi kunciphisa izinkinga.

Cabanga nje, kukhona umuntu ogama lakhe linguNilanthi. Wabona indawo eshintshile, engasabonakali kahle esandleni sakhe. Wayishaya indiva. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, isikhumba esizungezile indawo saqala ukujiya. Wesaba futhi waya kudokotela, kodwa wathola ukuthi kwase kuyisiqalo sochoko. Ngenhlanhla, watholakala kusenesikhathi futhi walulama ngokushesha ngokwelashwa.

Ingabe uchoko lungavinjelwa?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uchoko aludluliselwa kalula. Kodwa-ke, uma usondelene nomuntu onochoko (isibonelo, ohlala endlini efanayo), udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uhlolwe kanye ngonyaka. Ngale ndlela, uma unesifo, singatholakala futhi selashwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

Kwenzekani uma nginochoko?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sochoko, qala ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, mancane amathuba okuba nezimpawu ezinzima noma ezihlala njalo. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha iminyaka eminingana ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ama-antibiotic angayilapha igciwane. Kodwa-ke, umonakalo wezinzwa kanye nokukhubazeka okubangelwe uchoko kakade kungaba yinto ehlala njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, lo monakalo ungaqhubeka nokuba mubi ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi yokwelashwa. Yingakho ukutholakala nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu onochoko?

Uma elashwa kahle, umuntu onochoko oluncane angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esifanayo nomuntu ophilile. Kodwa-ke , uma lungelashwa isikhathi eside, uchoko lungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngisho nokufa.

Ingabe amakoloni abantu abanochoko asekhona?

Yebo, amanye amakoloni ochoko asekhona. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu babecabanga ukuthi iziguli zochoko kufanele zihlukaniswe nabanye abantu ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle nokwesaba lesi sifo. Kodwa manje sesiyazi ukuthi lokho akulona iqiniso.Iziguli eziningi manje sezelashwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlela, okusho ukuthi zisekhaya. Kodwa abanye abantu basahlala kulezo zindawo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesihlamba sokuxoshwa, noma ngoba sekuyiminyaka beyikhaya labo.

ESri Lanka, kwakunezibhedlela zochoko ezindaweni ezifana neHendala neManthivu. Kodwa manje, ngenxa yokuthi izindlela zokwelapha sezithuthukile, ukuzihlukanisa okunjalo akusadingeki.

Ingabe uchoko luyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STD)?

Cha. Uchoko alusona isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Kucatshangwa ukuthi luthinta kakhulu uhlelo lokuphefumula.

Ingabe ama-armadillo angasabalalisa uchoko?

Yebo, amanye ama-armadillo angakwenza lokho. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-armadillo eningizimu ye-United States naseMexico zingathwala amagciwane ochoko emizimbeni yazo futhi ziwadlulisele kubantu. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Esikhathini esidlule, abantu babesaba igama elithi uchoko futhi bebagwema labo ababenalo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi kwakungekho ukuqonda okufanele ngalesi sifo ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa namuhla siyazi ukuthi yini ebangela uchoko, ukuthi lungelapheka, nokuthi aludluliselwa kalula.

Ngokudabukisayo, abanye abantu basenemibono eyiphutha ngalesi sifo. Ochwepheshe bezempilo emhlabeni wonke bahlala besebenza ukuze baqede lesi sihlava futhi bashintshe indlela abantu abacabanga ngayo ngochoko.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba?

• Uchoko luwukutheleleka ngamagciwane, akusona isifo esibi nesiyimfihlakalo.
• Lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Multidrug Therapy (MDT)".
• Uchoko aludluliselwa kalula lusuka komunye umuntu luye komunye. Ludinga ukuxhumana okuseduze isikhathi eside.
• Uma usuqalile ukuthola ukwelashwa, ngeke ukwazi ukuthelela omunye umuntu.
• Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba, ukungazweli, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Ukuqashelwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa izinkinga.
• Asikho isizathu sokukhipha inyumbazane noma sokwesaba abantu abanochoko. Badinga uthando lwethu, umusa kanye nokusekelwa.

Uchoko , isifo sikaHansen, izifo zesikhumba, umonakalo wezinzwa, ukwelashwa, ukudluliselwa, izimpawu, amagciwane, ukutheleleka, ukungazweli, i-MDT