Awumunci yini kahle lokho okudlayo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu (i-Malabsorption)!

Ingabe uvame ukuba nezinkinga zesisu? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa usuthi futhi unegesi? Noma uvame ukuba nesifo sokuqunjelwa? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, into eyenzekayo lapho ukudla kunuka kamnandi. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba wakho awumunci izakhamzimba ozidingayo ekudleni okudlayo. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-Malabsorption.

Kuyini lokhu (i-Malabsorption)?

Kalula nje, ukumuncwa kokudla okungekuhle yigama elijwayelekile lokungakwazi komzimba wakho ukumunca kahle izakhamzimba ekudleni okudlayo. Lesi akusona isifo esisodwa, kodwa yisimo esingabangelwa yizinto eziningi. Cabanga ngakho, lapho sidla ukudla, ukuze kunikeze amandla nokudla okunempilo emizimbeni yethu, kudingeka kugaywe kahle futhi kumuncwe, akunjalo?

Singayihlukanisa inqubo yokugaya ukudla ibe izingxenye ezintathu:

1. Ingxenye Yokuqala: Ukunquma ukudla kahle bese ukuphula kube yizicucu ezigayekayo.

2. Ingxenye yesibili: Ukumunca zonke izakhamzimba umzimba ozidingayo ekudleni okugayiwe.

3. Ingxenye Yesithathu: Ukukhipha imfucuza esele ngemva kokuba zonke izinto ezinhle sezimuncwe.

Manje, uma unezinkinga zokugaya ukudla, inkinga ingaba kunoma yisiphi salezi zigaba. Ukungagaywa kokudla kuyingxenye yesigaba sesibili . Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ukudla kugaywa, izakhamzimba azimuncwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangelwa izimo ezifana nokuntuleka kwama-enzyme okuvimbela umzimba ekugayweni kokudla okuthile (isibonelo, abanye abantu abakwazi ukugaya ubisi) kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene zamathumbu ezithinta uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.

Kwenzekani uma kukhona ukumuncwa okunganele?

Uma une-malamuncreatment, ungase ube nenkinga yokumunca zonke izakhamzimba, noma ungase ube nenkinga yokumunca izakhamzimba ezimbalwa kuphela. Izinto ongeke ukwazi ukuzimunca zidluliselwa endle yakho ngaphandle kokugaywa. Abantu abaningi abane-malamuncreatment nabo banezimo ezifana nesifo sohudo, okungenza le nkinga yokumunca ibe yimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma une-hudo, ukudla kuhamba ngokushesha emathunjini akho, ngakho izakhamzimba azinaso isikhathi sokumunca.

Esikhathini esifushane, ukungamuncwa kahle kungabangela ukucasuka kwesisu kanye nokungakhululeki ngoba okunye ukudla akukwazi ukugaywa. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uzoqala ukubonisa ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ongakwazi ukuzimunca. Uma untula izakhamzimba ezinkulu – njengeprotheni, amafutha, kanye nama-carbohydrate – uzoqala ukubona izimpawu zokungondleki kahle, njengokulahlekelwa yimisipha kanye nobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela . Ngokufanayo, uma untula izakhamzimba ezincane – njengevithamini namaminerali – amehlo akho, amathambo, isikhumba, kanye nezinwele kungathinteka.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-malabsorption?

Ezinye izifo zamathumbu, njenge-Celiac Disease kanye ne-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), zingabangela izinkinga ngokumuncwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhamzimba. Kwezinye izimo, ungase ube nezinkinga zokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ezithile kuphela. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo:

Ama-carbohydrate awamuncwa kahle ngumzimba.

Abanye abantu bazwela kakhulu ku-carbohydrate eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (ushukela). Ungase ukubone lokhu ikakhulukazi njengegesi , ukuqunjelwa, kanye nobuhlungu esiswini sakho . Ama-carbohydrate angamuncwa kahle emathunjini akho amancane abiliswa amabhaktheriya emathunjini akho amakhulu. Lawa ma-bacteria awaguqula abe yigesi kanye nama-fatty acid amafushane. Leyo gesi ibangela igesi esiswini sakho, kanti ama-fatty acid amafushane angenza indle yakho ibe namafutha kakhulu.

Amafutha awamuncwa kahle umzimba

Lolu futhi uhlobo oluvamile lokungamuncwa kahle. Lungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Amafutha angamuncwa emathunjini amancane adlulela emathunjini amakhulu, okubangela indle enamafutha, efana nohudo. Siphinde sibize lokhu ngokuthi i-steatorrhea. Lolu hlobo lwendle lunamafutha, lunamanzi, futhi lunuka kabi . Lungaba nombala okhanyayo futhi luntante emanzini. Ngenxa yokuthi amafutha awamuncwa kahle, ukumuncwa kwamavithamini ancibilikayo emathunjini (amavithamini A, D, E, kanye no-K) nakho kuyaphazamiseka.

Ukungamuncwa kahle kwe-asidi ye-bile

Ngezinye izikhathi amafutha awakwazi ukumuncwa ngoba inyongo, imisele yenyongo, noma isibindi akukhiqizi inyongo eyanele. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imbangela iba yinto ehlukile. Bese kuthi ama-asidi enyongo angamuncwanga ahlale emathunjini amancane bese edlula aye emathunjini amakhulu. Lo mphumela ongemuhle ubizwa ngokuthi i-Bile Acid Malabsorption. Usawoti wenyongo ohlala ngale ndlela wandisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi emathunjini amakhulu, okubangela uhudo oluhlala isikhathi eside .

Amaprotheni awamuncwa kahle ngumzimba

Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kokuthi ungabekezeleli uhlobo oluthile lweprotheyini, okungukuthi, ukungakwazi ukuyigaya, akuvamile ukuba nezinkinga zokumunca iprotheyini kuphela. Izibonelo zalokhu ukungakwazi ukugaya iprotheyini esebisini kanye nokungakwazi ukugaya ukudla okuqukethe i-gluten.

Yiziphi izimpawu uma kukhona ukumuncwa okunganele?

Ekuqaleni, ukumuncwa okunganele ukudla kungase kubonakale njengokungagayeki kahle kokudla. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ukuqunjelwa, ukugcwalisa isisu.
• Ukudlula komoya njalo (igesi).
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Uhudo.
• (I-Steatorrhea) - Indle enamafutha, enamafutha, ngezinye izikhathi eshintsha umbala, entantayo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu zokungondleki kahle ziqala ukubonakala.

Ukungondleki kahle kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile kungabonakala kanje:

• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokungahlosile.
• Ukulahlekelwa yimisipha, ukwehla kwesisindo.
• Izifo ezivamile (ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba).
• Isikhumba siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho noma sinokulimala okuncane.
• Isikhumba esomile, izilonda zesikhumba.
• Izinwele ezomile, ukulahleka kwezinwele.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni).
• (Ukuvuvukala) - Ukuvuvukala komzimba (ngenxa yokugcina uketshezi).
• I-anemia - ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuqaqamba.
• Ukucasuka njalo, ukungabi nandaba, ukukhathala.
• Ukuyeka noma ukungahlali isikhathi eside kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane (i-Amenorrhea).
• Ukukhula okulibazisekile ezinganeni.

Ukungondleki kahle kwezakhamzimba ezincane kungabukeka kanje:

• Ukuncipha kokubona ebusuku (ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin A).
• Amathambo abuthakathaka, ubuhlungu bamathambo (ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D).
• Izinsini eziphuma igazi, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni (ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin K).
• Ulimi olubomvu, izilonda zolimi (ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12).
• Ubuthakathaka, isiyezi (i-anemia yokuntuleka kwamavithamini).

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungamuncwa kahle?

Ukumuncwa okungafaneleki kungaba okwesikhashana, njengalapho unegciwane lesisu noma umkhuhlane wesisu. Kodwa ukumuncwa okungafaneleki isikhathi eside kubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esingaphansi kwakho osekuyisikhathi eside unaso. Kunezimbangela eziningi zokumuncwa okungafaneleki, kodwa ngokuvamile ziwela ezigabeni ezimbalwa.

Ukulimala kolwelwesi lwamathumbu amancane

Iningi lezakhamzimba zakho limuncwa emathunjini amancane (ezinye zimuncwa emathunjini amakhulu). Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwezindonga zamathumbu akho luhilelekile kokubili ekukhipheni ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla kanye nokumuncwa kokudla okumanzi egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke, lolu lwelwesi lwamafinyila lungalimala ngenxa yokuvuvukala (i-enteritis) kanye nokulimala. Lo monakalo ungaba wesikhashana (obukhali) noma wesikhathi eside (ongalapheki). Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Izifo ezithelelanayo njenge-Whipple's Disease kanye ne-Tropical Sprue.
• Izifo Zamathumbu Ezivuvukalayo (IBD) njenge-Ulcerative Colitis kanye neSifo SikaCrohn.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-Celiac Disease.
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi ethile.
• Inkinga Yokusebenzisa Utshwala.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy.
• (Isifo Samathumbu Amafushane) - Ukushoda kwamathumbu amancane.
• (Ukukhula Okukhulu Kwamabhaktheriya Amathumbu Amancane - SIBO) - Ukukhula Okukhulu Kwamabhaktheriya Amathumbu Amancane.
• Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-asidi yesisu ezimweni ezifana ne-Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

I-pancreas, i-gallbladder, izifo zesibindi

Ama-pancreas akho, isibindi, kanye nenyongo kusebenza ndawonye nomathumbu akho amancane ukukusiza ukuthi ugaye ukudla. Ama-pancreas akhiqiza ama-enzyme abalulekile okugaya ukudla. Isibindi kanye nenyongo zikhiqiza futhi zigcine inyongo. Le nyongo ibalulekile ekugayeni amafutha. Uma ukudla kudliwa, lezi zitho zikhipha uketshezi lwazo emathunjini amancane. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zitho zingasebenzi kahle ngenxa yesifo esithile, umathumbu amancane awakwazi ukugaya kahle nokumunca ukudla. Izibonelo:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-pancreatic.
• (I-Cystic Fibrosis).
• Ukuvaleka Kwemibhobho Yenyongo.
• Izifo Zenyongo.
• Isifo Sesibindi.

Izifo Zesistimu Ye-Lymphatic

Amafutha amuncwa emathunjini akho amancane aye egazini lakho ngemithambo ye-lymph. Uma le mithambo ivinjelwa ngenxa yezifo zesimiso se-lymphatic, ukumuncwa kwamafutha kungaphazamiseka. I-Intestinal Lymphangiectasia kanye ne-Lymphoma ziyizibonelo ezimbili zalokhu.

Ukungakwazi ukugaya ukudla okuthile (Ukungabekezelelani Ukudla)

Ukungakwazi ukugaya ama-carbohydrate noma amaprotheni athile kungaba umphumela wezifo zamathumbu. (Isibonelo ukungakwazi ukugaya i-fructose). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abantu bazalwa bengenawo ama-enzyme adingekayo ukugaya izakhamzimba ezithile. (Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukungakwazi ukugaya i-lactose - ukungabekezeleli i-Lactose).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-malamupped?

Njengezifo eziningi zamathumbu, ukuxilonga ukumuncwa okungafanele kuyinqubo ethatha kancane kancane. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola kuqala futhi acabangele umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu. Ukumuncwa okungafanele kungase kusolwe uma unomlando wesifo samathumbu esingamahlalakhona noma uke wahlinzwa.

Ukungamuncwa kahle kanye nokungondleki kahle kungasolwa kakhulu uma kukhona izimpawu ezithile, njenge-steatorrhea eshiwo ngenhla (indle enamafutha) kanye nesifo sohudo esiqhubekayo, noma i-anemia esobala kanye nokulahlekelwa yimisipha. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, lokhu akubonakali kangako. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezifanele ukuthola imbangela eqondile yokungakhululeki kwakho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-malabsorption?

• Ukuhlolwa Kokuphefumula: Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula kwe-hydrogen kungasiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezinjengokungabekezelelani ne-lactose, izinkinga ezithile zokugaya ama-carbohydrate, kanye ne-SIBO (ukukhula ngokweqile kwamagciwane amancane emathunjini).
• Ukuhlolwa Kwendle: Ukuhlolwa kwendle kungalinganisa inani lamafutha esitofini sakho futhi kungasiza ekuxilongeni ukungamuncwa kwamafutha. Kungaphinde kubone izinto ezifana nokutheleleka kwezinambuzane kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lokhu kungabonisa izimpawu zokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezithile okungabangelwa ukungamuncwa kahle kanye nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezifana neSifo seCeliac.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokujuluka: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuthola lesi simo (i-Cystic Fibrosis).
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angase afune ukubheka izitho zohlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-GI X-ray, i-Endoscopic Ultrasound, noma i-Video Capsule Endoscopy.
• I-Biopsy Yamathumbu Amancane:Udokotela angase afune ukuthatha isampula yezicubu emathunjini akho amancane ukuze zihlolwe elebhu. Le biopsy ingabheka ubufakazi bomonakalo olwelwesini lwamathumbu akho (mucosa). Le sampula ingathathwa ngesikhathi se-endoscopy.

Iphathwa kanjani i-malabsorption?

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona zokungamuncwa kahle, futhi imiphumela engaba khona ibanzi. Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzonqunywa ngokusekelwe kulezi zici.

Ukuze welaphe imiphumela yokungamuncwa kahle, ungadinga izithasiselo zokudla okunempilo . Zinganikezwa njengoketshezi ngomlomo, ngepayipi (ukudla ngepayipi), noma ngemithambo yegazi (IV - ngemithambo yegazi). Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi uthathe ama-enzyme okugaya akhethekile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukugaya ukudla okuthile noma ngoba i-pancreas yakho ayisebenzi kahle. Uma une-bile acid malabsorption, unganikezwa okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi i-bile acid sequestrant ukusiza ukuvimbela uhudo.

Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko yokungamuncwa kokudla kungaba nzima kakhulu. Uma kumane nje kuwukungabekezelelani nokudla, kungadingeka nje ushintshe ukudla kwakho. Ukutheleleka okulula kungelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa izimo zesikhathi eside zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukwelashwa okusheshayo, kodwa izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu.

Ingabe ukumuncwa okungalawuleki kuzophulukiswa?

Lokhu kuncike ekutholeni imbangela eqondile kanye nokuyelapha ngendlela efanele. Ezinye izimbangela kulula ukuzelapha kunezinye. Uma usuxilongiwe, udokotela wakho uzochaza imininingwane yesimo sakho. Ezimweni eziningi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingakusiza ukwelapha lesi simo (i-malabsorption) kanye nezimpawu zaso.

Abantu abaningi babhekana nezimo ezithile zokungagayi kahle ukudla, ukuqunjelwa, igesi, kanye nesifo sohudo. Uma into oyidlayo ingasebenzi kuwe, ungase ube nezimpawu zesikhashana, kodwa ngokuvamile ziyaphela zodwa. Lolu hlobo lokungagayi kahle ukudla alukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngalo. Kodwa uma unalezi zimpawu njalo, kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu. Isifo sohudo esiqhubekayo yinto okufanele uhlale ukhathazekile ngaso.

Ukungamuncwa kokudla kungaba yimbangela efihliwe yokungondleki kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi ukungondleki kahle kukhula kancane, ungase ungakuboni kuze kube yilapho sekubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu onempilo enhle. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni. Zidinga ukudla okunempilo okwengeziwe ukuze zikhule futhi zithuthuke, futhi zingase zingakwazi ukukutshela ngezimpawu zazo. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwesisu okuphindaphindiwe, ikakhulukazi indle ekhululekile, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayinaso isimo sokungamuncwa ukudla kahle.

Yimuphi umyalezo esifuna ukuwuthatha ekhaya kulesi sihloko?

Kulungile, manje sesiyazi ukuthi ukumuncwa kabi yigama elijwayelekile lokungakwazi komzimba ukumunca izakhamzimba ekudleni esikudlayo. Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zalokhu, futhi izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

• Uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu njalo, uhudo, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe , ungamane nje ukukuthathe njengokungagayeki kahle.
• Ukungamuncwa kokudla okunempilo kungabangela ukungondleki kahle , okungaba nemiphumela emibi eminingi emzimbeni.
• Uma wena noma ingane yakho niqhubeka nokuba nalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi nifuna iseluleko sezokwelapha .
• Uma kutholakale ukuthi unalesi sifo ngendlela efanele futhi welashwa ngendlela efanele, lesi simo singalawulwa.

Khumbula, kubalulekile ukulalela lokho umzimba wakho okutshela kona. Ngisho noma kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ukuqala kwento enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukungamuncwa kokudla , ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, ukugaya ukudla, isifo sohudo, ukungondleki kahle, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu