Uyazazi yini i-Marburg Virus Disease? Kumelwe uzazi lezi zinto!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezindaba ngezifo ezintsha neziyingozi ezisakazeka ngezinye izikhathi emazweni ase-Afrika. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma ngesifo esibangelwa yigciwane sonke okudingeka siqaphele kancane ngaso, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngaso. Lesi yisifo segciwane iMarburg (MVD) . Ungase ungaliqapheli igama uma usizwa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Siyini isifo segciwane iMarburg (MVD)? Masiqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, isifo segciwane iMarburg siyisifo esibi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi esibulalayo . Sivame kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika. Ekuqaleni, izimpawu zivamile, njengomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza okukhulu, ukopha, kanye nezinkinga zezinzwa ezithinta ubuchopho kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.

Cabanga nje, lesi sifo sivame ukuqala kumalulwane noma ezinkalweni bese sisakazekela kubantu. Bese, singasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye . Yileyo ndlela esisakazeka ngayo njengobhubhane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iMarburg iyigciwane elibangela ukopha . Okusho ukuthi, leli gciwane lilimaza imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, okubangela ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Wake wezwa ngegciwane le-Ebola ? Nokho, igciwane leMarburg lingelomndeni ofanayo negciwane le-Ebola. Yingakho liyingozi kangaka.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo segciwane iMarburg? Ingabe kufanele sikhathazeke?

Empeleni, igciwane leMarburg alivamile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, liyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi kwezinye izingxenye zase-Afrika. Uma kwenzeka ubhubhane olunjalo, lungathelela abantu abambalwa kuya kwabangamakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Muva nje, ngo-2023, kubikwe ukuqubuka okubili okunjalo. Okukodwa bekuse -Equatorial Guinea ngoFebhuwari 2023. Bekukhona amacala ayi-16 aqinisekisiwe, kwathi angu-12 kuwo ashona. Elinye, elingahlobene, beliseTanzania ngoMashi 2023. Bekukhona amacala ayi-8 aqinisekisiwe, kwathi angu-5 ashona.

Kuke kwaba khona izifo ezinkulu ezifana nalezi ngaphambili:

• E-Uganda ngo-2012 - abantu abayi-15 batheleleka kanti abane bafa.
• E-Angola, kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2005 - abantu abangu-252 batheleleka kanti abangu-227 bafa. Bheka ukuthi izinga lokufa liphakeme kangakanani.
• EDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2000 - kwathinta kakhulu abavukuzi kanye nemindeni yabo. Abantu abangu-154 bathinteka kwathi abangu-128 bafa.
• Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo okubili eYurophu ngesikhathi esisodwa - eJalimane naseYugoslavia ngo-1967. Kokubili kwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzi ababephatha izinkawu eziluhlaza zase-Afrika ezazilethwe zivela e-Uganda. Abantu abangu-31 batheleleka kanti abangu-7 bafa.

Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi lokhu kungaba yingozi kangakanani, akunjalo? Yingakho kubalulekile ngathi ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ingabe igciwane leMarburg likhona naseMelika?

Cha, azikho izehlakalo ezibikiwe zegciwane leMarburg e-United States (US). Ngo-2008, umuntu owayeye e-Uganda waba nezimpawu zeMarburg ngemuva kokubuyela e-United States. Kodwa-ke, walulama ngokuphelele futhi akazange asakaze lesi sifo komunye umuntu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezidingekayo nezitholakala kusenesikhathi, ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kungalawulwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo segciwane iMarburg? Ungasibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zeMarburg zivela ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Isigaba sokuqala (sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-5-7):

• Imfiva
• Ukugodola
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba - Lokhu kungabonakala njengamabala aphakeme, ayisicaba (maculopapular).

Ngemva kokuvela kwalezi zimpawu, ungase uzizwe ungcono kancane usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zesigaba sesibili ziyaqala.

Izimpawu zesigaba sesibili:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma besifuba
• Ukuhlanza
• Uhudo (ukuqunjelwa)
• Isiyezi
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokungenhloso
• Ukuhlanza igazi noma ukuphuma kwegazi esitulweni
• Ukopha okuvela ekhaleni, emlonyeni, emehlweni, noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane
• Ukudideka

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma uke waya endaweni lapho iMarburg ivame khona, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lesi akusona isifo okufanele sidlalwe ngaso.

Yini ebangela isifo segciwane iMarburg?

Isifo segciwane iMarburg (MVD) sibangelwa amagciwane amabili ahlobene. Lawa yigciwane iMarburg (MARV) kanye negciwane iRavn (RAVV) . Ahlobene futhi negciwane i-Ebola. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu kuyimfiva ebangelwa ukopha egazini, okusho ukuthi ingalimaza imithambo yegazi futhi ibangele ukopha okukhulu.

Igciwane leMarburg lisakazeka kanjani?

Lokhu kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyiqaphele kakhulu. Igciwane leMarburg lisakazeka ngokuxhumana noketshezi lomzimba lwabantu noma izilwane ezithelelekile .

Ziyini lezi zinto eziwuketshezi lomzimba?

• Igazi
• Umchamo/Umchamo
• Indle/Isihlalo
• Amathe/Amathe
• Ubisi lwebele
• Isidoda
• Uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Akukhona lokho kuphela,Ingadluliselwa futhi ngezinto ezingcolile, izinto, noma imishini yezokwelapha. Yingakho kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphezulu lapho kunakekelwa isiguli esinjengalesi.

Abantu bathola kanjani igciwane leMarburg?

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ama-rousette aseGibhithe, uhlobo lwelulwane lezithelo, yiwona abangela kakhulu amagciwane e-MARV kanye ne-RAVV. Abantu baqala batheleleke ngokuxhumana noketshezi lomzimba noma izicubu zamalulwane athelelekile noma izilwane ezingezona ezomuntu. Bese besakaza leli gciwane kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi amalungu omndeni aseduze kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo ababanakekelayo .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo segciwane iMarburg?

Usengozini yokuthola i-MVD uma :

• Uma usebenza nezilwane ezingase zibe negciwane.
• Uma usebenza ezimayini, emihumeni, noma ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amalulwane ezithelo.
• Uma usondelene noma unakekela umuntu onalesi sifo.

Igciwane leMarburg litholakala kanjani?

Odokotela baxilonga isifo iMarburg ngokuhlolwa kwegazi . Kodwa kungaba nzima ukusixilonga ngoba izimpawu zaso zingafana nezezinye izifo, njenge -yellow fever, i-malaria, kanye ne-typhoid fever .

Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yigciwane le-Marburg ngokuhamba kwakho kwakamuva noma ngezinye izindlela, kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela wakho.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha isifo segciwane iMarburg?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa noma ikhambi elithile legciwane le-Marburg . Odokotela bangakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho, baphathe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele, futhi bazame ukuzinzisa isimo sakho. Bangase bakunike okulandelayo:

• I-oxygen
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (IV) - lokho kusho izinto ezifana nosawoti.
• Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ezithile, njengezinhlungu zobuhlungu.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola igciwane leMarburg?

Uma une-MVD, kufanele uhlale kude nabanye abantu. Odokotela nabanye abakunakekelayo kufanele balandele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Lokhu kusho ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela (njengemaski, amagilavu, izibuko, kanye ne-apron) nokukuhlukanisa nabanye. Kufanele futhi uqashwe ngokucophelela ukuze uthole izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Ngisho nangemva kokululama, kungase kube nemiphumela ethile yesikhathi eside . Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izinkinga ngenkumbulo kanye nekhono lokucabanga.
• Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele.

Enye into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ngisho noma usululame, igciwane lingahlala esidoda isikhathi eside . Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvimbele ukudlulisela lesi sifo kumlingani wakho, sebenzisa ikhondomu ngesikhathi socansi. Buza udokotela wakho ngezivivinyo ezingaqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane alisekho esidoda sakho.

Ungakwazi yini ukusinda egciwaneni laseMarburg?

I-Marburg ivame ukuba yisifo esibulalayo . Kodwa-ke, bakhona abasindile. Izinga lokufa elijwayelekile licishe libe ngu-80% . Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zobhubhane, leli zinga lokufa lingahluka kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lingahluka kusuka ku-23% kuya ku-90%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isimo sabo bonke asifani.

Ungazivikela kanjani egciwaneni leMarburg? Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu!

Izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi zizama ukulawula ukuqubuka kwezifo ezinjengalezi ngokuqapha amacala amasha, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bezempilo abanakekela iziguli ze-MVD, njalo njalo. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha:

• Uma unakekela isiguli esine-MVD, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela (njengemaski, izibuko, i-apron, amagilavu). Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba waso. Ngisho noma ugqoka amagilavu, geza izandla zakho kahle ngemva kokuthintana naso.
• Sebenzisa amakhondomu noma ugweme ukuya ocansini uze uqiniseke ukuthi igciwane alikho esidodeni sakho (uma wena noma umlingani wakho nike nathola i-MVD). Ngisho noma uphilile, igciwane lingaphila esidodeni isikhathi eside. Kunobufakazi obuncane bokuthi lingaphila isikhathi eside kangako ezinketshezi zesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Gwema ukuthintana nanoma yini ocabanga ukuthi ingcoliswe uketshezi lomzimba oluthelelekile. Ungathinti isidoda uze uqiniseke ukuthi asinayo igciwane.
• Gwema ukuthinta isidumbu somuntu oshone ngenxa ye-MVD. Uma kudingeka, sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela. Qaphela lokhu nangesikhathi somngcwabo.
• Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane ezifana namalulwane ezithelo nezinkawu kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuzo (njengemihume nezimayini).
• Gwema ukudla inyama yehlathi.
• Uma usanda kuya endaweni lapho igciwane leMarburg livame khona, qapha izimpawu zakho izinsuku ezingu-21. Uma kuvela izimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uneMarburg, hlala kude nabanye abantu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yigciwane iMarburg – isibonelo, uma uhlala endaweni lapho izilwane zithwala khona leli gciwane, noma uma uke waya endaweni lapho kuqubuke khona igciwane – futhi uba nezimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Qaphela izimpawu zakho izinsuku ezingu-21 ngemva kokuvezwa. Tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yiMarburg nokuthi wavezwa kanjani.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-103 noma ama-Celsius angu-40).
• Ukopha okungavamile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu.
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko zengqondo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ngizothelelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Marburg iyisifo esingavamile, kodwa esingaba yingozi . Uma uzwa ngokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, "O, ingabe lokhu kuzokwenzeka nakimi?" Kodwa-ke, uma kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene negciwane le-Marburg, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uzivikele futhi uvimbele ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uqaphile ngempilo yakho uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yileli gciwane. Uma uba nezimpawu, ungesabi noma ulibale, kodwa funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuqaphela lezi zinto nokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha kuyinto engcono kakhulu esingayenza sonke.

Igciwane leMarburg , i-MVD, umkhuhlane wegazi obangelwa yigciwane, i-Ebola, izifo ezithelelanayo, i-Afrika, izimpawu, ukuvimbela