Izinto okudingeka uzazi ngeMarijuana Yezokwelapha!

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'Insangu Yezokwelapha'. Abanye bathi ilungele izifo, abanye bathi iyingozi. Iyini ngempela insangu yezokwelapha? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngayo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini insangu yezokwelapha?

Kalula nje, elithi 'insangu yezokwelapha' libhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwensangu ukusiza ekuphatheni izimpawu zezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhluke ngokuphelele ekusebenziseni insangu ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa. I-US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ihlukanisa insangu 'njengento yeShejuli I'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayinazo izinzuzo zezokwelapha ezamukelwa njengamanje futhi iyalutha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, odokotela abakwazi 'ukuyinika' ngqo insangu. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe/izifundazwe lapho kuvunyelwe khona ngokomthetho, odokotela 'bangaqinisekisa' ukuthi umuntu unesifo sezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu ezingaqedwa yinsangu.

Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasezindaweni zomthetho, akuzona zonke izibhedlela nodokotela abaqinisekisa insangu yezokwelapha. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi akukabikho ucwaningo olwanele kanye nezivivinyo zezokwelapha ngezinzuzo zezokwelapha zensangu.

Ingabe ikhona ngempela imithi evunyelwe eyenziwe ngensangu?

I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayikakavumeli ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo sensangu kunoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, izidakamizwa eziningana ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlanziwe ezithathwe kunsangu (noma "ama-analogs") zithole imvume ye-FDA.

Lezi yimithi evunyelwe yi-FDA:

• I-Cannabidiol (igama lomkhiqizo elithi Epidiolex®): Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela nokulawula ukuquleka kubantu abanezinhlobo ezimbili ezingavamile zesifo sokuquleka, i-Lennox-Gastaut syndrome kanye ne-Dravet syndrome . Lona umuthi otholakala ngodokotela. Uhlukile emikhiqizweni ye-CBD oyithenga ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.
• I-Dronabinol (igama lomkhiqizo i-Marinol®) kanye ne-Nabilone (igama lomkhiqizo i-Cesamet®): Le mithi isiza ukuvimbela nokulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-chemotherapy. I-Dronabinol ingasiza ekulawuleni isifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo kubantu abane-HIV noma i-AIDS, futhi inciphise ukukhathazeka kubantu abane-dementia enzima.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezisetshenziswa yi-cannabis yezokwelapha?

Kuwo wonke amazwe/izifundazwe ezivumele insangu yezokwelapha ngokusemthethweni, kunohlu lwezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ('izimo zezokwelapha ezifanelekayo') odokotela abangakunikeza insangu yezokwelapha. Kulezi zimo, abantu basebenzisa insangu yezokwelapha ngokuyinhloko ukusiza ekuphatheni izimpawu. Ayilaphi ngqo isifo.

Isibonelo, isifundazwe sase-Ohio e-United States sivumela izimo zezokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Ingculazi noma ukutheleleka nge-HIV
• "I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)"
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• I-Cachexia (ukulahlekelwa yimisipha, noma ngabe kuncishisiwe noma cha)
• Umdlavuza
• "I-encephalopathy ebuhlungu engapheli (CTE)"
• 'Isifo sikaCrohn'
• Isifo sokuwa noma ezinye izifo zokuwa
• 'I-Fibromyalgia'
• I-Glaucoma
• I-Hepatitis C
• `Isifo sikaHuntington`
• "Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD)" kanye "ne-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)"
• `I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)`
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli nobunzima noma ubuhlungu obungapheli
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• "Isifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kokucindezeleka (PTSD)"
• `I-anemia yamaseli esikele`
• Ukuqina kwemisipha (`Ukuqaqamba`)
• Ukulimala noma isifo somgogodla
• Ukugula okubulalayo
• 'I-Tourette syndrome'
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (TBI)
• I-ulcerative colitis

Kodwa khumbula, lezi zimo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe nangesifundazwe. Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwensangu ekuphatheni izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa insangu ngezinjongo zezokwelapha. Kufanele futhi uxoxe ngemiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside, ukusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi, kanye nokwelashwa okunye.

Ingabe insangu yezokwelapha iphephile ukuyisebenzisa? Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, akunjalo?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo empeleni iyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Njengoba izinto zimi, abacwaningi abakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile. Abacwaningi bafunde futhi baqonda imiphumela yekhemikhali ensangu ebizwa ngokuthi `i-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Kodwa-ke, akukacaci ukuthi kungani abantu besabela ngendlela ehlukile ku-`i-THC` nokuthi iyini imiphumela yamanye amakhemikhali ensangu (`i-cannabinoids`).

Zicabange ufunda incwadi, kodwa amanye amakhasi awekho. Nakuba ungase ukwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ethile mayelana nokuqukethwe yincwadi, ungase ungakwazi ukuphendula eminye imibuzo, noma ungase ungakwazi ukunikeza impendulo ephelele. Isimo sifana kancane nensangu yezokwelapha.

Cabanga ngala maphuzu lapho ucabanga ngokuphepha kwensangu yezokwelapha.

Ukuntuleka kwemvume ye-FDA

Kuze kube manje, i-FDA ayikakuvumeli ukuthengiswa kwensangu yokwelapha noma yisiphi isifo noma isimo. Ngamanye amazwi, imikhiqizo yensangu yezokwelapha ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso ezisetshenziswa yi-FDA ukugunyaza izidakamizwa. Uma umuthi uvunyiwe yi-FDA, kusho ukuthi:

• Ulwazi mayelana nemiphumela yalowo muthi lubuyekezwe yi-FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).
• Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi kulabo abasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, izinzuzo zidlula izingozi ezaziwayo nezingaziwa ezingase zibe khona.

Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yensangu engavunyelwe yi-FDA kungaba nemiphumela engahlosiwe nengahlosiwe, futhi kungaba nezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha. Futhi, nakuba abantu besebenzise le mikhiqizo ngezinjongo ezahlukene zezokwelapha, abakaze bahlolwe kanzima ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphephile futhi isebenza kahle.

Esikhundleni sokuvunyelwa yi-FDA, isifundazwe ngasinye e-United States sinezidingo zaso kanye nemithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa kwensangu yezokwelapha. Isibonelo, e-Ohio, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-Ohio unikeza amalayisense futhi ulawula ukutshalwa, ukucubungula, kanye nokuhlola amalabhorethri ensangu yezokwelapha. IBhodi Lekhemisi Lesifundazwe sase-Ohio linikeza amalayisense futhi lilawula izindawo zokuthengisa insangu yezokwelapha esifundazweni. Isifundazwe ngasinye sinezidingo ezahlukene zekhwalithi nokuphepha kwale mikhiqizo lapho ikhiqizwa futhi isatshalaliswa.

Izinkinga zokulebula

Izifundazwe nazo zinemithetho ehlukene mayelana nendlela insangu yezokwelapha ebhalwe ngayo. Izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho edinga inani le-'THC' kanye ne-'CBD (cannabidiol)' kumkhiqizo ukuze lifakwe kuhlu kulebula. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundazwe zinezidingo ezahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga ama-cannabinoid afana ne-'THC' kanye ne-'CBD' abhalwe kumalebula omkhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi awalungile.

Nakuba amalebula emikhiqizo yensangu yezokwelapha ebukeka njengemithi kadokotela, akuyona imithi kadokotela noma evunyelwe yi-FDA.

Izingozi zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Abacwaningi basacwaninga ukuthi amakhemikhali aku-cannabis athinta kanjani indlela umzimba wakho omunca ngayo ('ogaya') imithi ethile. Isibonelo, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-'CBD' kanye/noma insangu/'THC' kungakhuphula amazinga emithi elandelayo egazini lakho:

• I-Clobazam (isidakamizwa sokulwa nokuxhuzula kanye nohlobo lwe-benzodiazepine)
• I-Warfarin (i-anticoagulant)
• `Diclofenac` (umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu wohlobo lwe-NSAID)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CBD ingakhuphula amazinga egazi eminye imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo kanye nemithi yokucindezeleka. I-THC inganciphisa ukugcwala komuthi wokulwa nesifo sengqondo i-Risperidone ebuchosheni.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Abacwaningi basafunda ngezinye izindlela ezingase zisetshenziswe ezidakamizwani. Ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo sensangu (i-Cannabis sativa) siqukethe amakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-500, kunzima ukusho ukuthi insangu yezokwelapha izosebenzisana kanjani neminye imithi oyithathayo (imithi kadokotela noma imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela). Kunezinto eziningi ezingaziwa.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokusebenzisa insangu yezokwelapha?

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensangu, okuhlanganisa nensangu yezokwelapha, ayithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezinto eziningana, isibonelo:

• Izakhi zofuzo zakho (`izakhi zofuzo`)
• iminyaka yakho
• Ubulili bakho
• Inani lensangu esetshenzisiwe kanye 'namandla' ayo
• Indlela odla ngayo insangu/i-THC (ukubhema, ukufutha, noma ukuphuza)
• Isikhathi osisebenzise ngaso insangu nokuthi uyisebenzisa kangaki
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa eminye imithi kanye/noma ezinye izinto

Imiphumela oyitholayo ngensangu yezokwelapha ingase ihluke kulokho omunye umuntu abhekana nakho. Futhi ngisho nomuntu ofanayo angase abe nemiphumela ehlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene lapho esebenzisa insangu.

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kunemiphumela yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside, kodwa abacwaningi basafunda ngalokhu, ikakhulukazi imiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Eminye imiphumela yesikhashana yile:

• Injabulo kanye nokushintsha kwemizwa
• Ubunzima bokucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga
• Inkumbulo ekhubazekile
• Ukudideka nokudideka
• Ukuphumula kanye/noma ukudambisa ukucindezeleka
• Isiyezi
• Izinkinga ngokuxhumana
• Isikhathi sokusabela esinciphile
• Umlomo owomile
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho
• Ukukhohlisa (ukukholelwa okuqinile kokuthile okungelona iqiniso - `Ukukhohlisa`)
• I-Psychosis - Le ngozi iphezulu uma usebenzisa njalo insangu enamandla amakhulu (amazinga aphezulu e-THC).

Ngakho-ke ingabe zikhona izinzuzo zensangu yezokwelapha?

Ososayensi nodokotela abakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ngezinzuzo ezijwayelekile zensangu yezokwelapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akwenziwanga ucwaningo olwanele ngezinzuzo zezokwelapha zale mikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insangu ithinta abantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Nakuba abantu bebika izinzuzo ezithile zomuntu siqu, zonke lezi zici zenza kube nzima ukufinyelela iziphetho eziqinile.

Naphezu kwegama elithi "ezokwelapha" egameni, okwamanje asikho ulwazi olwanele lokwazi ukuthi izinzuzo ezingaba khona zensangu yezokwelapha zidlula yini izingozi ezingaba khona uma isetshenziselwa izimo zempilo.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukucwaninga ngemithetho endaweni yakini bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela yesikhathi esifushane neside yensangu, nokuthi ikulungele yini.

Yini ebaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuyithatha ekhaya kule ndaba?

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho ngensangu yezokwelapha, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Insangu yezokwelapha akuyona into esetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuzijabulisa. Isetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwezinye izindawo ukusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezithile.
• Isitshalo sensangu asikavunyelwa yizikhungo ezifana ne-FDA ukuze sisetshenziswe ngqo. Kodwa-ke, kunemithi eminingana evunyelwe equkethe amakhemikhali athile akhishwe kunsangu.
• Akukabikho ucwaningo olwanele mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwensangu yezokwelapha, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ngqo ngezingozi nezinzuzo zayo.
• I-cannabis ayithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Ingabangela imiphumela emibi futhi ingasebenzisana neminye imithi.
• Uma ucabanga ukusebenzisa insangu yezokwelapha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngayo. Futhi, qaphela imithetho yasendaweni yakini.

Khumbula, ukwaziswa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho wenza izinqumo mayelana nempilo yakho. Uma ungabaza, hlala ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I- marijuana yezokwelapha, i-marijuana yezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hemp, i-THC, i-CBD, imiphumela emibi ye-cannabis, ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa