Ingabe amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi mancane? Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-microcytic anemia!

Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa ukhathele, ukhathele, noma unesizungu lapho umi? Ingabe isikhumba sakho ngezinye izikhathi sibukeka simhlophe kancane kunokujwayelekile uma uzibuka esibukweni? Ungakuthathi njengokungathi unesifo somzimba nje. Ngoba, lokhu kungaba izimpawu zenkinga ngamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Nokho, isimo abaningi bethu abasaziyo, kodwa abangasaziyo, sibizwa ngokuthi i-Microcytic Anemia .

Kuyini i-Microcytic Anemia ?

Kalula nje, i-microcytic anemia yilapho amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi emancane kunokujwayelekile. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi iphrotheni kulawa maseli abomvu egazi abizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin iyancipha. Cabanga ngalokhu: i-hemoglobin ifana nesithuthi esithwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke uma le moto incishisiwe, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi awakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kahle. Ngokufanayo, uma i-hemoglobin incishisiwe, umbala wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nawo uyancipha, okusho ukuthi aba yi -hypochromic . Esikhathini esiningi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abantu abane-microcytic anemia anombala okhanyayo.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bakubheka njengesifo sezokwelapha, kanye nophawu lwezinye izinkinga zokuntuleka kwegazi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Kwelashwa ngokuthola imbangela nokwelapha leyo nkinga.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-microcytic anemia ?

Uma unalesi simo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nazo ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengokungathi ubusebenza usuku lonke.
• Isiyezi, umuzwa wokuzungeza.
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo. Isikhumba sakho singase sibe sikhanya kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, njengokuquleka. Ngisho nokwenza into encane kukwenza uquleke.
• Isikhumba esomile.
• Isikhumba siyaphuka kalula. Siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho noma sishaywe kancane.

Kungani kwenzeka le microcytic anemia ?

Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu ukuntuleka kwensimbi . Ubuwazi ukuthi insimbi ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-hemoglobin emaseli ethu abomvu egazi? Ngakho-ke, uma insimbi ingekho eyanele, i-hemoglobin ayikhiqizwa futhi amaseli abomvu egazi ayancipha. Ngezinye izikhathi, izici zofuzo zingaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

Manje, ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe ngezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko ezithinta lokhu:

• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi (IDA): Lokhu kuyi-microcytic hypochromic anemia.Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-`(microcytic hypochromic anemia)` ukopha ngokweqile (isibonelo, ukopha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane, noma ukopha okubangelwa isilonda samathumbu amancane) noma ngenxa yokungatholi insimbi eyanele ekudleni esikudlayo. Cabanga nje, ngezinye izikhathi emakhaya ethu, abanye abantu abayidli kahle imifino, inyama nenhlanzi. Noma, uma siphuza izinto ezifana netiye lobisi kanye nokudla, umzimba udonsa insimbi encane. Khona-ke singase sibe nokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Ama-Thalassemia: Lezi yizifo zegazi ezithinta ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza i-hemoglobin namaseli abomvu egazi. Lesi yisimo esibonakala ngezinga elithile ezweni lakithi.
• I-anemia yesifo esingamahlalakhona: Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia lungakhula uma unesifo sesikhathi eside esibangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-iron onayo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izifo ezingamahlalakhona, izifo ezizimele (njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus), kanye nomdlavuza.
• I-Sideroblastic anemia : Lesi yisifo segazi esingavamile kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umongo wakho wethambo awukwazi ukwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ajwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma unensimbi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-hemoglobin.
• Ubuthi be-lead: I-microcytic anemia ingabangelwa futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-lead. Esikhathini esidlule, i-lead yayitholakala kupende nakwamanye amathoyizi. Manje kunemithetho eminingi ngayo, kodwa i-lead isatholakala endaweni ezungezile.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kube nezinye izizathu:

• Ukungatholi ithusi elanele ekudleni. Ithusi liyasiza futhi ekugayweni kwensimbi.
• Ukuthola i-zinc eningi kakhulu ekudleni noma ezithasiseleni. I-zinc eningi kakhulu inganciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca i-iron.
• Imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi leyo ethathwe ngeseluleko sezokwelapha).
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile . Utshwala bungabangela ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo.

Yiziphi izifo ezibangela i-microcytic anemia ?

Kunezimo eziningana ezibangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala isikhathi eside , kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, futhi kungaholela ku-microcytic anemia . Isibonelo:

• Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba:Lezi yizifo lapho amasosha ethu omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana ethu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (njengesifo sikaCrohn kanye ne-ulcerative colitis), i-rheumatoid arthritis, kanye ne-lupus.
• Umdlavuza
• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona
• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona ( njengesifo sofuba)

Lokhu kungabangela lesi simo futhi.

I-microcytic anemia ihlolwa kanjani?

Odokotela benza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuze bathole lesi simo:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza odokotela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezinga le-hemoglobin yakho, inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ubukhulu bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Uma i-MCV yakho (i-Mean Corpuscular Value) ingaphansi kwama-femtoliters angu-80 (80 fL), kusho ukuthi une-microcytosis (amaseli amancane egazi abomvu).
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi mancane yini kunejwayelekile (microcytosis) noma aphuzi (hypochromic) . Kungasiza futhi ekuboneni ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko esimweni samangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi.
• Izifundo zensimbi: Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umzimba wakho ugcina futhi usebenzisa kanjani insimbi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ferritin ( okukutshela ukuthi ingakanani insimbi emzimbeni wakho) kanye nokuhlolwa komthamo wokubopha insimbi (TIBC) yizivivinyo ezingasiza ngalokhu.

Ngemva kokuxilonga i-microcytic anemia , udokotela angenza ezinye izivivinyo (isib. ukuhlolwa kwendle, i-endoscopy) ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile.

Iphathwa kanjani i-microcytic anemia ?

Lokhu kwelashwa ngokwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo . Okusho ukuthi, imbangela yokuqala ebangele lezi zimpawu iyatholakala futhi yelashwe.

Isibonelo, uma une-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron, udokotela wakho angakunika izithasiselo ze-iron . Lokhu kuvame ukudinga ukuthathwa izinyanga eziningana. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma amaphilisi kunzima ukuwabekezelela (njengokuhlushwa yisisu noma ukuqunjelwa), noma uma umzimba wakho ungamunci kahle i-iron (njengakwezinye izifo zamathumbu), unganikwa imijovo ye-iron, uketshezi oluqukethe i-iron, ngomthambo . Lokhu kungabuyisela amazinga akho e-iron ngokushesha.

Uma ulahlekelwe igazi eliningi ngokuzumayo, izinga lakho le-hemoglobin lehle kakhulu, futhi unesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthiKungase kudingeke ukumpontshelwa igazi.

Uma i-microcytic anemia ibangelwa yisifo esingamahlalakhona, i-anemia ivame ukuphela lapho leso sifo selashwa. Ezimweni zofuzo ezifana ne-thalassemia, ukuphathwa kungase kuhluke, futhi kungadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ingabe i-microcytic anemia ingavinjelwa?

Eqinisweni, i-microcytic anemia yenzeka lapho okuthile kuthinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi asikwazi ukulawula lezo zici.

Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kwensimbi kuyimbangela evamile. Kwezinye izimo, ukudla ukudla okucebile ngensimbi (inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, inhlanzi, amaqanda, amalentili, ubhontshisi oluhlaza, uphizi, uphizi owomisiwe nobhontshisi, imifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka efana nesipinashi, i-kale, imifino eluhlaza, amadethi, nama-raisin) kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Futhi, ukudla ukudla okucebile ngevithamini C (njengolamula, amawolintshi, ama-tangerines, nama-guava) nokudla okucebile ngensimbi kungasiza ekwandiseni ukumuncwa kwensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, izimo zezokwelapha esingakwazi ukuzilawula zingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokumuncwa kwensimbi noma ukwenza amaseli abomvu egazi. Okuningi kuncike esimweni sakho.

Kwenzekani uma lesi simo sivela?

Indlela lokhu okukuthinta ngayo kuncike embangela ye-microcytic anemia . Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi esidinga ukuphathwa impilo yonke (njenge-thalassemia). Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba okwesikhashana . Kungelapheka ngokuphelele ngento elula njengokuphuza amaphilisi ensimbi.

Uma udokotela eseyitholile imbangela, uzokuchazela ukuthi izoyithinta kanjani impilo yakho. Uma unokungabaza noma ukwesaba ukuthi ungase ube nesifo esingathi sína, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongamazi ngokuqinisekile. Uzokunikeza ukwesekwa nesiqondiso osidingayo.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-microcytic anemia , into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukulandela ukwelashwa kukadokotela wakho kanye nemiyalelo yakhe ngqo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi futhi ugcine ama-aphoyintimenti kadokotela wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto zingasiza:

• Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-iron (okukhethwa kukho okuhle yinyama yenkomo, inkukhu, inhlanzi, amaqanda, ama-lentile, ubhontshisi oluhlaza, uphizi, ubhontshisi, i-broccoli, kanye nemifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
• Zama ukulala ngokwanele . Ukukhathala kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu salesi simo, ngakho-ke ukuphumula kubalulekile.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze umzimba wakho ungaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Zama konke okusemandleni akho ukugwema izifo ngokugeza izandla zakho njalo, njengoba i-anemia yandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala .

Okubaluleke kakhulu:Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu – isibonelo, ukuqala ukuphuza amaphilisi ensimbi nsuku zonke (ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha) – qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko. Angakuqondisa ngezindlela eziphephile neziphumelelayo zokwenza ukuphila ne-microcytic anemia kube lula.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Izimpawu zezimo ezibangela i-microcytic anemia zingakhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Ungase ungaboni noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela impilo yakho futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko (isib. ukukhathala okungavamile, isikhumba esimpunga, ubunzima bokuphefumula).

I-microcytic anemia ingaba yingozi, noma ingaba uphawu lwesifo esingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo uma singelashwa. Kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela izimpawu zakho. Uma usheshe ukuqaphela, kuba lula ukwelapha.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma utholakale une-microcytic anemia , kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingana. Ungesabi, buza udokotela wakho ngalezi zinto:

• Iyini imbangela yesimo sami?
• Ingakanani i-microcytic anemia yami? (Ingakanani izinga le-hemoglobin yami?)
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okusikiselayo?
• Kuzodingeka ngenze ukwelashwa isikhathi esingakanani?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engalindelwa kulezi zindlela zokwelapha? Yini engenziwa ngazo?
• Ingabe i-microcytic anemia yami ingabuyiselwa emuva (ingelapheka ngokuphelele)?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba ngibe ngcono nokuthi izimpawu zami ziphele?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka ngizenze ekudleni kwami?
• Yiziphi izinto okufanele ngiziqaphele?

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi bane-microcytic anemia ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile noma ngenxa yezimpawu. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi wesaba uma uthola umphumela onjengalona. Kodwa khumbula, lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuxazulula inkinga yezokwelapha eyabangela i-microcytic anemia . Ukuntuleka kwensimbi ngokuvamile kuyimbangela. Kodwa kungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa isho ukuthini nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ngokulandelayo.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ngakho-ke, i-Microcytic Anemia yilapho amangqamuzana ethu abomvu eba mancane khona. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi kuyimbangela evame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nezinye izimbangela ezifana ne-Thalassemias, ukuvuvukala okubangelwa izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, isiyezi, isikhumba esikhanyayo, noma ukukhathala, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi njenge-CBC ne-PBS. Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela eyinhloko.

Ungakhathazeki, lesi simo singaphathwa kahle uma sitholakale futhi selashwa ngendlela efanele. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, udle ukudla okunomsoco okucebile nge-iron, futhi uzijwayeze imikhuba emihle yezempilo . Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Impilo yakho iyakufanelekela!

I- Microcytic anemia , i-anemia, amaseli abomvu egazi, i-hemoglobin, ukuntuleka kwensimbi, izimpawu, ukwelashwa