Ingabe ingane yakho izizwa yomile kakhulu kunejwayelekile kulezi zinsuku? Ingabe idinga ukuchama kaningi? Ingabe izizwa sengathi yehlisa isisindo yize idla kahle? Lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezinto ezilula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni. Lesi yisimo esingamahlalakhona esivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke njengabazali, kubalulekile ngathi ukuqaphela lokhu futhi singabi novalo ngakho.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kulezi zingane?
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 siyisimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Kalula nje, isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela (ibutho elisivikela ezifweni) sihlasela futhi sibhubhise amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin (abizwa ngokuthi ama-beta cell) kuma-pancreas ethu.
Cabanga ngakho, i-insulin iyisihluthulelo esivula umnyango wokuthi ushukela (i-glucose) egazini lethu ungene emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Ngakho-ke lapho la maseli akhiqiza i-insulin ebhujiswa, umzimba uyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin oyidingayo. Bese izinga likashukela egazini lenyuka ngendlela eyingozi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Abantu abaningi badidanisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba ukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa amaseli awasabeli kahle kuso (ukumelana ne-insulin). Nokho, kuhlobo 1, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyama. Ngakho-ke, ingane enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kumele inikwe i-insulin evela emithonjeni yangaphandle nsuku zonke ukuze iphile.
Nakuba lesi simo singase senzeke kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame ukubonakala cishe eminyakeni emi-5 noma ngesikhathi sokuthomba (iminyaka eyi-10-14).
Kungani izingane zithola lesi simo?
Ayikho imbangela eyodwa eqondile yalokhu, kodwa odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuyinhloko kuyinhlanganisela yezici ezimbili:
1. Ukuthambekela Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Ezinye izingane zinomkhuba wofuzo wokuthuthukisa izifo zokuzivikela komzimba. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlukahluka ohlelweni lwezakhi zofuzo olubizwa ngokuthi ``(HLA)`` kutholakale ukuthi kuhlobene nalokhu.
2. Izinto Ezibangela Imvelo: Lesi sifo asiveli nje ngenxa yokuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo. Kudingeka sibangelwe yisici esithile semvelo. Ezinye zalezi zici zifaka:
- Ezinye izinto umama azithola ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ingane engase izithathe ngesikhathi iseyingane.
- Ukudla kwengane.
- Umphakathi wamabhaktheriya anenzuzo emzimbeni (`i-microbiome`).
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siyadideka bese siqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies (`autoantibodies`) ngokumelene namaseli enza i-insulin. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho la maseli ebhujiswa ngokuphelele, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ziqala ukuvela.
Ungayibona kanjani? - Izimpawu eziyinhloko nezimo eziphuthumayo
Qaphela lezi zimpawu enganeni yakho. Zingaba zimbi kancane kancane ngemva kwezinsuku, amasonto, noma izinyanga.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukoma ngokweqile | Isifiso sokuphuza amanzi amaningi kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ukuchama njalo (Ukuchama kakhulu) | Ngisho nengane eqeqeshwe ukuya endlini yangasese ingaqala ukumanzisa umbhede ebusuku. Amanabukeni ezingane ezincane agcwala ngokushesha. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo naphezu kokudla kahle | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngendlela engaqondakali naphezu kokudla kahle. |
| Indlala enkulu | Ukucela ukudla kaningi kunokujwayelekile, ethi ulambile. |
| Ukukhathala | Ingane ihlala ilele futhi ingaphili. |
| Umbono ofiphele | Ingane ingase ikwazi ukukutshela nganoma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni. |
| Isimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo: i-DKA (i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis) | |
| Umoya onuka izithelo | Umoya unuka njengezithelo, iwayini, noma i-nail polish remover. |
| Ukuhlanza kanye nobuhlungu besisu | Ukuhlanza njalo kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu esiswini. |
| Ukuphefumula okusheshayo | Isivinini sokuphefumula esikhulayo. |
| Ukudideka kanye nokozela | Ukuziphatha kwengane kuyashintsha, ukudideka, ukozela ngokweqile, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: I-DKA (`i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis`) iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela impilo. Uma ingane yakho inezinye zezimpawu ze-DKA ezingenhla, yiyise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Udokotela angakuqinisekisa kanjani lokhu?
Uma uyisa ingane yakho kudokotela, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi inesifo sikashukela.
- Ukuhlolwa Kweshukela Egazini: Amazinga kashukela egazini akalwa ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla noma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi (ngokungahleliwe).
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c: Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma izinga likashukela egazini lengane elijwayelekile ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Antibody: Uma lesi sifo sesiqinisekisiwe, igazi liyahlolwa ukuthi likhona yini ama-antibodies (`autoantibodies`) ngokumelene namaseli akhiqiza i-insulin ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngabe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
- Izinga le-C-peptide: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umzimba ukhiqiza i-insulin engakanani. Kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, leli zinga liphansi kakhulu.
Kuphathwa kanjani? - Ungakuphatha kanjani lokhu
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 asinakwelashwa. Kodwa ngokuphathwa kahle, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo enempilo nesebenzayo. Udokotela wakho uvame ukudlulisela ingane yakho kudokotela ochwepheshe besifo sikashukela (udokotela we-endocrinologist wezingane). Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuphathwa.
1. Hlola njalo amazinga kashukela egazini (Ukuqapha ushukela egazini)
Izinga likashukela egazini lengane lidinga ukuhlolwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku kusetshenziswa i-glucometer. Amadivayisi amasha, abizwa ngokuthi i-Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), angaphinde aqaphe amazinga kashukela ngokuqhubekayo ngenzwa encane ebekwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
2. Imijovo ye-insulin
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphatha. Ingane yakho kuzodingeka ifake i-insulin nsuku zonke, izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ngezinye izikhathi kungasetshenziswa iphampu ye-insulin. Inani le-insulin okufanele linikezwe lizohluka kuye ngokuthi ingane yakho idlani, ukuthi ivivinya umzimba kangakanani, kanye nesikhathi sosuku. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu.
3. Ukubalwa kwama-carbohydrate kanye nokudla
Udinga ukufunda ukubala inani lama-carbohydrate ekudleni kwengane yakho bese unquma umthamo we-insulin ngokufanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezokudla ngalokhu. Ukugxila lapha kukunikeza ukudla okulinganiselayo nokunempilo.
Singasiza kanjani ingane enesifo sikashukela?
Lokhu kuyinselele kubazali kanye nengane. Kodwa ukwesekwa kwakho kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle kuyimbangela enkulu yengane.
- Hlala unethemba: Iningi labantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 baphila impilo esebenzayo nenempilo, ngakho ungesabi.
- Ungamsoli ingane yakho: Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe wenza konke kahle, amazinga kashukela egazini lakho angakhuphuka futhi ehle. Esikhundleni sokuthethisa ingane yakho, gxila kulokho okudingeka kwenziwe ngaleso sikhathi.
- Yenza ingane yakho izimele: Kancane kancane fundisa ingane yakho ukulawula isimo sayo. Zijwayeze ukuhlola amazinga ayo kashukela egazini bese ubala i-insulin ngokwayo.
- Yazisa abanye: Gcina umndeni wengane, othisha, kanye nabangani benolwazi ngalesi simo. Bachazele ukuthi benzeni uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.
- Lungela izimo eziphuthumayo: Izinga likashukela egazini eliphansi kakhulu (i-hypoglycemia) liyisimo esiphuthumayo. Gcina into efana nomjovo we-glucagon eduze ukuze uyinikeze uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo. Buza udokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 asibangelwa yiphutha lengane. Siyisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Lesi yisimo esihlala impilo yonke, kodwa singaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa nge-insulin, ukudla okufanele, kanye nokuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini.
- Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu ezifana nokoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, noma ukwehla kwesisindo naphezu kokudla kahle, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukuphefumula okunezithelo, ukuhlanza, izinhlungu zesisu, kanye nokulala ngokweqile (izimpawu ze-DKA) yizimpawu ezivamile.Isimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ngokusekelwa kanye nemfundo efanele, ingane enesifo sikashukela soHlobo 1 ingaphila impilo ejabulisayo, enempilo, nephumelelayo ngokuphelele.
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