Ingabe amangqamuzana akho egazi awakheki kahle? Ake sifunde nge-Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)!

Uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula ngisho nangemva kokwenza umsebenzi omncane? Noma ingabe ubona imivimbo nokuphuma kwegazi yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho? Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesizathu salokhu okufanele ukhathazeke ngaso kancane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, okuyi-myelodysplastic syndrome.

Iyini i-myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi iyini le Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi iMyelodysplasia. Muva nje, ibizwa nangokuthi iMyelodysplastic Neoplasm. Kalula nje, uhlobo lomdlavuza . Kodwa okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amangqamuzana ayisisekelo enza igazi emizimbeni yethu - esiwabiza ngokuthi (amaseli e-hematopoietic stem) - awavuthwa kahle, okungukuthi, awakhuli kahle. Lawa maseli atholakala emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Ngakho inkinga iqala lapho lawa maseli ayisisekelo engakhuli kahle futhi abe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.

Uma umzimba wakho ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi anempilo anele, ungaba nezimo ezibucayi njenge-anemia. Ungaphinde uthole izifo kaningi futhi wophe igazi kaningi. Kwabanye abantu, i-MDS ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi ikhule ibe umdlavuza obizwa ngokuthi i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-MDS, asivamile kakhulu. E-United States, sithinta abantu abangaba abane kubantu abayi-100,000 minyaka yonke. Uma utholakala une-MDS, odokotela bakho bazozama ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo, balawule izimpawu zakho, futhi baphathe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-MDS ezikhona?

Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo se-MDS ngezinhlobo eziningana. Babheka imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuningana. Ake sibheke ukuthi lezo zivivinyo zifunani:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe aphilile kanye nenani lama-platelet: Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu ephansi, sikubiza ngokuthi i-anemia. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu futhi uphelelwa umoya.
• Amaseli egazi angakavuthwa, noma ama-blast: Lokhu kuqhuma kufana namaseli egazi angakavuthwa. Athatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu emnkantsheni wethambo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amaseli egazi aphilile akheke. Uma ungenawo amaseli egazi amhlophe aphilile anele, ungase uthole izifo kaningi. Futhi uma ungenawo ama-platelet anele anempilo, kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukopha.
• Ama-Sideroblast:Lawa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angakavuthwa. Okukhethekile ngawo ukuthi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa insimbi ukwenza i-hemoglobin, agcina insimbi. Uyazi, i-hemoglobin iyiprotheni esiza amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ukuthi athwale umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Insimbi ibalulekile kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, uma odokotela bezifo bebona lawa ma-sideroblast, kusho ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakho ayisebenzi kahle.
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-Chromosome: Ama-Chromosome ayizingxenye zamaseli ethu eziqukethe izakhi zofuzo. Izakhi zofuzo zakhiwe yi-DNA. Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka kula ma-chromosome, kusho ukuthi kukhona okuthinte i-DNA yakho futhi kwabangela izinguquko kuma-chromosome emaseli akho egazi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Khumbula, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ube ne-MDS ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi simo sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Uphawu oluyinhloko abantu abaningi abalubonayo ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okuphansi, noma i-anemia. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-anemia nezinye izimpawu ze-MDS zingafana nezezinye izimo ezingabangeli zinkinga ezinkulu.

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingezansi, ikakhulukazi uma zingapheli ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

• Uma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-dyspnea).
• Uma uzizwa ubuthakathaka noma ukhathele kakhulu , futhi ukukhathala kungapheli ngisho nangemva kokuphumula ngokwanele.
• Uma ubona ukuthi isikhumba sakho simhlophe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Mhlawumbe uma unesikhumba esimnyama, udokotela uzohlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukulahleka kombala ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho angezansi, emlonyeni wakho, nangaphakathi kwekhala lakho.
• Uma uphuka noma wopha kalula kunokujwayelekile.
• Uma ubona amachashazi amancane abomvu esikhumbeni sakho, lawa angaba yi- petechiae, imithambo yegazi emincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• Uma uvame ukuthola izifo ezihambisana nomkhuhlane .

Yini ebangela i-MDS?

Kubonakala sengathi kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa i-MDS. Enye iwukwenza imisebenzi ethile eyandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Enye iwukuzuza izimo ezithile zofuzo njengefa.

Imisebenzi engahlotshaniswa ne-MDS

• Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe yokwelapha umdlavuza wangaphambilini. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-MDS (tMDS) ehlobene nokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-tMDS zivela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile ezibangela umdlavuza, okuhlanganisa intuthu kagwayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nezinyibilikisi ezifana ne-benzene.
• Ukuchayeka ezinsimbini ezisindayo njenge-mercury noma i-lead.

Izimo zofuzo ezingase zihlotshaniswe ne-MDS

Phakathi kuka-4% no-15% wabantu abanalesi simo bazuze izimo zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yabo yokuthola lesi sifo. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• I-Fanconi anemia: Lesi yisimo esingavamile sofuzo lapho umongo wakho wethambo ungakhiqizi amangqamuzana egazi anempilo anele.
• I-Dyskeratosis congenita: Lesi esinye isimo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo. Nalapha futhi, umongo wakho awukhiqizi amangqamuzana egazi anempilo anele.
• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Lesi yisifo segazi esingavamile lapho umongo wakho wethambo ungakhiqizi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele.

I-myelodysplastic syndrome itholakala kanjani?

Odokotela balandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze baxilonge lesi simo se-MDS:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC) kanye nokuhlolwa kokwehluka: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi kuwe bese kuhlaziywa amangqamuzana akho egazi abomvu namhlophe. Iphinde ibale inani lohlobo ngalunye lweseli legazi elimhlophe.
• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle: Lokhu kuhlola izinguquko ngobukhulu, uhlobo, ukuma, kanye nosayizi wamaseli egazi kusampula yakho yegazi, kanye nokuthi amaseli akho abomvu egazi anensimbi eningi kakhulu.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Cytogenetic: Udokotela wezifo ubheka isampula yegazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko kuma-chromosomes amaseli akho egazi.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo: Ukuze enze lokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela ufaka inaliti engenalutho ethanjeni lakho lesinqe, athathe isampula yomnkantsha wethambo, igazi, kanye nethambo, bese elihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo ngezigaba ngokusekelwe engcupheni yokuthi lesi sifo sikhule sibe yi-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Basebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola ubungozi olubizwa ngokuthi i-International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) . Nazi ezinye izinto odokotela abazicabangelayo:

• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu zokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, ukopha, noma ukutheleleka.
• Usengozini yokuthola i-leukemia.
• Izinguquko ezithile kuma-chromosome akho.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthole i-MDS ngemuva kokuthola i-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza.
• Iminyaka yakho kanye nempilo yakho jikelele.

Iphathwa kanjani i-myelodysplastic syndrome?

Odokotela bacabangela izinto eziningana lapho behlela ukwelashwa kwe-MDS:

• Uhlobo lwe-MDS onayo.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimo ezifana ne-anemia, ukopha, noma ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-MDS.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthole i-MDS ngemuva kokuthola i-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ukwelashwa kwe-myelodysplastic syndrome kungafaka ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kanye nokwelashwa okubhubhisa amaseli egazi angenampilo .

Ukunakekelwa Okusekelayo

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukunikela ngegazi: Uma une-anemia, ungampontshelwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Uma unezinkinga zokopha, ungampontshelwa ama-platelet.
• Ama-Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA): Lokhu kwelashwa kwandisa izinga lamaseli akho abomvu avuthiwe.
• Ama-antibiotic: I-MDS ingathinta amangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi, yandise ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo. Ngakho-ke, ama-antibiotic anganikezwa.

Ukwelashwa kokususa amaseli egazi angenampilo

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Izinhlobo ezifanayo ze-chemotherapy ezisetshenziswa ku-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) zingasetshenziswa kulokhu.
• Ukwelashwa ngokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo ze-MDS. Lokhu kwelashwa kucindezela amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile futhi kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo sokumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka amaseli e-stem esikhundleni samaseli akho akha igazi, kungaba kuwe noma kumnikeli. Lawa maseli e-stem athathwa egazini lakho noma emnkantsheni. Lawa maseli agcinwa efrijini ngenkathi uthola i-chemotherapy, bese encibilikiswa bese ebuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngokufaka i-intravenous infusion. Lawa maseli abe esevunyelwa ukukhula emzimbeni wakho futhi enze amaseli egazi amasha.

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ingaba nemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga ezahlukene. Uma ucabangela izinketho zokwelapha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza udokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga zendlela ngayinye.

Abantu abane-myelodysplasia bangazuza ekunakekelweni kokunciphisa ubuhlungu . Lokhu kunakekelwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-MDS kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kokuphila nesifo esingamahlalakhona.

Ingabe i-myelodysplastic syndrome ingelapheka?

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha i-MDS ngokuphelele iwukufakelwa amaseli e-stem okuphumelelayo . Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke umuntu ongathola lokhu kwelashwa. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi lolu hlobo lokufakelwa lukulungele yini nokuthi ngabe luyindlela okufanele uyicabangele.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu one-myelodysplastic syndrome?

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome iyinkinga enkulu yezempilo engabangela izimo ezisongela ukuphila.Futhi, lokhu kuyinkinga yezempilo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi wonke umuntu uthinteka ngendlela ehlukile. Udokotela wakho ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi ngesimo sakho kanye nesibikezelo.

Ingabe i-myelodysplastic syndrome ingavinjelwa?

Cha, kodwa ukuqonda izici eziyingozi ze-MDS kungasiza odokotela ukuthi baxilonge futhi belaphe i-MDS kusenesikhathi. I-Myelodysplastic syndrome ihlotshaniswa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuchayeka okuseduze, isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Bangakusiza ukuthi uhlole ubungozi bakho.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

I-MDS ithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu bane-MDS kodwa abanazo izimpawu. Uma kunjalo kuwe, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ukuze aqaphe izinguquko kumaseli akho egazi. Uma une-MDS futhi uthola ukunakekelwa okusekelayo, njengokumpontshelwa igazi, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukuze unciphise ukuvama kokumpontshelwa igazi. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze usekele ukwelashwa kwakho:

• Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (kufaka phakathi ukubhema kanye nokuvayiza), zama ukuyeka. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlelo zokuyeka ugwayi.
• Zigcine unesisindo esinempilo.
• Thola imisebenzi yomzimba oyithandayo bese uyenza kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Khumbula ukuthi i-MDS iyisifo esingamahlalakhona, futhi odokotela bangayilapha kodwa bangayilaphi. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoqonda ukuthi ubhekene nani. Ukukhuluma nabanye abaye babhekana nezinto ezifanayo nawe ongasiza ngazo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakusiza ukuthola izinhlelo nezinsiza ezinjengalezi.

Nakuba i-MDS iyisifo esingamahlalakhona, akusho ukuthi kufanele uphile ngaphandle kwethemba. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome ingabangela i-anemia, izinkinga zokopha, kanye nezifo. Kufanele nakanjani uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo uma une:

• Uma unomkhuhlane ongama-degree Celsius angu-38.3 (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu, umkhuhlane uwuphawu lokuthi ungase ube nesifo.
• Uma uphuma igazi ngendlela engalawuleki.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-myelodysplastic syndrome iyisifo esingavamile, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi ngaso. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe i-MDS ingumdlavuza?
• I-MDS ingithinta kanjani?
• Ingabe i-MDS yami izobangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo? Uma kunjalo, hlobo luni?
• Anginazo izimpawu. Yini engingayenza ukuze ngibambezele ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezihlobene ne-MDS?

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Uma une-myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyisifo esingamahlalakhona. Akukho sifo esilula, kodwa ukuphila nesifo esingamahlalakhona kusho ukubhekana nomthelela ongokomzwelo esingaba nawo. Kodwa ukuhlala ne-MDS akusho ukuthi kufanele ulahle ithemba. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni i-MDS. Ungase ufanelekele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okufunayo izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ze-myelodysplastic syndrome. Kukhona nezinto ongazenzela zona. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njengokudla kahle nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Lezi zinto zingakusiza uhlale uphilile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungesabi, futhi ungabi wedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho konke, futhi uthole usizo oludingayo.

I- Myelodysplastic syndrome, i-MDS, i-myelodysplasia, umdlavuza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, i-anemia, amaseli egazi