Ingabe nawe uzizwa ubuthakathaka? Mhlawumbe lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myopathy!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi izitho zakho zomzimba zibuthakathaka futhi zikhathele? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukwenza ngisho nezinto ezilula njengokuvuka esihlalweni, ukuphakamisa into esindayo, noma ukukama izinwele zakho? Uma uzizwa sengathi imisipha yakho iba buthakathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, ungamane nje uyithathe njengento evamile. Mhlawumbe imbangela yalezi zimpawu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-myopathy', esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-myopathy? Kalula nje...

I-Myopathy, kafushane nje, iyiqembu lezifo ezithinta imisipha enamathele emathanjeni ethu. Lezi zifo zilimaza imicu yemisipha yethu futhi ziyibuthakathaka. Njengoba nje injini yemoto iba buthakathaka, kuba nzima ukuyishayela, lapho imisipha iba buthakathaka, kuba nzima ngemizimba yethu ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-myopathy?

Yebo, ama-myopathies angahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili: ama-myopathies azuzwe njengefa kanye nalawo atholwe ngefa . Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo.

Ziyini Izifo Ezibangelwa Yifa?

Lezi yizinhlobo ze-myopathy ezibangelwa ukuzuza uguquko lwezakhi zofuzo olungavamile olukhona emizimbeni yethu lapho sizalwa, ngokuvamile oluvela kumama noma kubaba.

• I-myopathies yokuzalwa:

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ekuzalweni noma ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala ebudaleni noma ngisho nakamuva. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ukuthi ubuthakathaka abugcini nje emisipheni eseduze nendawo ephakathi yomzimba, kodwa bungathinta imisipha yomzimba wonke, futhi lesi sifo ngokuvamile asiqhubeki.

• I-Mitochondrial myopathies:

Amaseli ethu anezimboni ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-mitochondria ezenza amandla. Lolu hlobo lwe-myopathy lubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwale mitochondria. Ngaphezu kobuthakathaka bemisipha, lezi zimo zingathinta nezinye izinhlelo zezitho zomzimba, njengenhliziyo, ubuchopho, kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Zingakhula ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunomlando womndeni noma cha.

• I-Metabolic myopathies:

Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo ezenza ama-enzyme asiza imisipha ukuthi isebenze futhi ihambe kahle. Kungabangela ukukhathala ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, ubuhlungu emahlombe nasemathangeni lapho uvivinya umzimba, noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rhabdomyolysis, lapho imicu yemisipha iphuka khona ngaphandle kokulimala. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingafika zidlule, zibe buthakathaka bemisipha bese zibuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha:

Kulezi zimo, imisipha iba buthaka kancane kancane futhi iphele ngenxa yokungajwayelekile noma ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni okusekela isakhiwo adingwa yizicubu zemisipha. Esimweni ngasinye, izingalo kanye/noma imilenze kuthinteka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi imisipha yamehlo noma yobuso nayo ingathinteka.

Ziyini i-myopathies ezitholakalayo?

Lezi yizinhlobo ze-myopathies ezikhula kamuva ekuphileni. Zingabangelwa yizici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezinye izifo, ukutheleleka, ukuchayeka emithini ethile, kanye nokungalingani kwama-electrolyte emzimbeni.

• I-Autoimmune/i-inflammatory myopathy:

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela imisipha yethu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kwemisipha kuyaphazamiseka. Kufana nokuzivikela kwethu okuhlaselayo.

• I-myopathy enobuthi:

Lesi simo senzeka lapho ubuthi noma umuthi uphazamisa isakhiwo noma ukusebenza kwemisipha.

• Ubuthi: Utshwala, i-toluene (into eguquguqukayo etholakala ezintweni ezifana nopende abanye abantu abawuphefumulayo ukuze badakwe).
• Imithi: Imithi yokwelapha nge-immunotherapy ye-Checkpoint inhibitor (isb., i-pembrolizumab, i-nivolumab), ama-corticosteroids (isb., i-prednisone), imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (ama-statin), i-amiodarone, i-colchicine, i-chloroquine, imithi yokulwa namagciwane kanye nemithi yokuvimbela i-protease yokutheleleka nge-HIV, i-omeprazole.

• Izifo ze-endocrine:

Lesi simo senzeka lapho ukusebenza kwama-hormone emzimbeni wethu kuthinta imisipha.

• Indlala yegilo: Nakuba amazinga aphansi ehomoni yegilo (i-hypothyroidism) evame kakhulu, izinkinga zingavela futhi ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu ehomoni yegilo (i-hyperthyroidism).
• I-Parathyroid gland: I-Hyperparathyroidism ibangela amazinga e-calcium egazini.
• Indlala ye-Adrenal: `Isifo sika-Addison` kanye `Isifo sikaCushing`.

• I-myopathies ezithathelwanayo:

Ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene kungathinta ukusebenza kwemisipha.

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: `i-HIV`, `umkhuhlane`, `i-Epstein-Barr`.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: `i-bacterial pyomyositis`.
• 'Isifo seLyme'.
• Ukutheleleka kwezimuncagazi: `i-trichinosis`, `i-toxoplasmosis`, `i-cysticercosis`.
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta: i-Candida, i-Coccidiomycosis.

• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte:

Amazinga akhuphukile noma anciphile amanye ama-electrolyte abalulekile emzimbeni wethu angathinta ukusebenza kwemisipha.

• I-Potassium: ukwehla (`hypokalemia`), ukwanda (`hyperkalemia`).
• I-Magnesium: Yanda (`i-Hypermagnesemia`).

• I-myopathy yesifo esibucayi egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile:

Lesi yisimo esithinta izitho zomzimba kanye nemisipha yokuphefumula kubantu abagula kakhulu futhi abathola ukwelashwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) . Singabangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle isikhathi eside noma ukusetshenziswa kweziphumuli zemisipha, ama-corticosteroids, namaphilisi okulala asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-myopathy? Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angaba ne-myopathy, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane.

Izici ezingase zandise ingozi:

• Uma othile emndenini ene-myopathy, khona-ke kunethuba elikhulu lokuthola lesi sifo njengefa ngokwezakhi zofuzo.
• Ukuba yindoda. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-myopathy zidluliselwa nge-chromosome X, ngakho-ke zingathinta amadoda kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ze-myopathy zokuzalwa ezidluliselwa ngamanye ama-chromosome zithinta wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo.
• Ukuba nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, i-metabolic, noma i-endocrine.
• Ukuchayeka emithini ethile noma ubuthi (bheka isigaba esiphathelene ne-toxic myopathy esixoxe ngayo ekuqaleni).

Ukusabalala kwe-myopathy kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo. Isibonelo, i-myopathy ekhula kamuva ekuphileni:

• I-myopathies yokuvuvukala kanye ne-endocrine ivame kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa.
• Abantu abaphakathi kuka-9 no-32 kwabayi-100,000 bahlushwa yi-inflammatory myopathies.
• Phakathi kuka-25% no-79% wabantu abadala abane-hypothyroidism bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlobene nemisipha, kodwa izinga le-myopathy esobala lingase libe phansi ku-10%.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu zokuzalwa yi-muscular dystrophies, ezivame kakhulu kwabesilisa.

• I-Duchenne's kanye ne-Becker's muscular dystrophies yizo ezivame kakhulu, zithinta abantu abangaba ngu-7 kubantu abayi-100,000 emhlabeni jikelele.
• Izifo ze-Mitochondrial zithinta umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-5,000, futhi eziningi zazo zithinta imisipha yamathambo.
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-myopathies zokuzalwa azivamile kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izimpawu ze-myopathy?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-myopathy zinezimpawu eziningana ezivamile. Lezi yilezi:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.Ikakhulukazi imisipha yamahlombe, izingalo ezingenhla, kanye namathanga (lena yiyo ethinteka kakhulu futhi inzima kakhulu).
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ukuqina, kanye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokushesha lapho uzivocavoca noma wenza ngisho nomsebenzi omncane.
• Ukuzizwa ungenampilo futhi ungenawo amandla.

I-myopathy izwakala kanjani ngempela?

Ezimweni eziningi ze-myopathies, imisipha ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba (ehambisanayo) iba buthaka ngokulinganayo. Imisipha eseduze nendawo ephakathi komzimba (imisipha eseduze), njengehlombe, izingalo ezingaphezulu, izinqe, namathanga, ithinteka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokugeza, ukugqoka, nokukama izinwele zakho.
• Ubunzima bokuvuka esihlalweni, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma ukwenza imisebenzi edinga ukufinyelela ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho (isib., ukushintsha isibani ophahleni).
• Ukuzwa sengathi imisipha iyanyakaza futhi iyanyakaza.
• Imisipha iyakhathala ngokushesha uma yenza umsebenzi othile.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Ngokuvamile akuthinti imisipha yezandla nezinyawo.

Ezinye izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-myopathy.

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha bungaba obuhlala njalo (obungathuthuki) noma obuqhubeka kancane kancane. Kwezinye izifo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha bungafika budlule, kanti ngezinye izikhathi kungaba namandla ajwayelekile.
• Ukuthuthukiswa okulibazisekile kwamakhono okunyakaza komzimba (isib. ukuhamba, ukugxuma, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukubamba isipuni noma ipensela) ezinganeni ezincane.
• Ukungakwazi ukuhambisana nezinye izingane lapho zidlala imidlalo noma zidlala ngaphandle (isb., zidlala ngokubamba ibhola).
• Izinkinga ngemisipha esiza ekugwinyeni nasekukhulumeni. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ukudla kubambeke futhi inkulumo ingabi mnandi.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngisola ukuthi ngine-myopathy?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele uqale ukhulume nodokotela wakho oyinhloko. Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela wezinzwa noma udokotela wamathambo.

I-myopathy itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo, ukuthi imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bazohlola isikhumba sakho, ukusabela komzimba, amandla emisipha, ibhalansi, kanye nokuzwa.

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa udokotela angaziyala:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:
• Kwezinye izifo ze-myopathies, amazinga e-enzyme yemisipha njenge-creatine kinase (CK) noma i-aldolase anganda ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemicu yemisipha.
• Amazinga e-electrolyte njenge-sodium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium, ne-phosphorus.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezifo zokuzivikela komzimba: Isibonelo, `Ama-Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA), `Ama-Rheumatoid Factor', `Izinga Lokuthuthwa Kwegazi' kanye ne-`C-reactive protein'.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezindlala ze-endocrine: isibonelo, amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid.
• Izifundo ze-Electromyography (EMG) kanye nokuqhuba imizwa: Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa uhlobo kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo wemisipha ngokulinganisa ukuthi ugesi uhamba kanjani ngemizwa bese ufaka izinaliti ezincane emisipheni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kwemisipha .
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisipha: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye encane yezicubu zemisipha ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlolwe.

Iphathwa kanjani i-myopathy?

Uma uhlobo oluqondile lwe-myopathy onalo selutholakele, udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluhambisana nezimpawu zakho.

Ukwelashwa okuningi kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, kanye nohlobo oluthile lokuzivocavoca . Okunye ukwelashwa kuqondene ngqo nohlobo lwe-myopathy. Ngokuvamile, iningi le-myopathies elitholwe lingaphathwa kahle, kuncishiswe ubuthakathaka kanye nezimpawu. Amanye ama-myopathies azalwa nawo anezindlela ezithile zokwelapha ezinganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Njengamanje, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kweningi le-myopathies yokuzalwa, kodwa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca kungasiza.

I-myopathies ehlobene nokuvuvukala kanye ne-autoimmune

Umgomo wokwelashwa kwalokhu ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kanye nokusabela komzimba ezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwalezi zifo ze-myopathies kufaka phakathi:

• Imithi yokunciphisa umzimba/yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Isibonelo, i-methotrexate, i-cyclosporine, i-tacrolimus, i-azathioprine, i-mycophenolate, i-rituximab, kanye ne-immunoglobulin ye-intravenous (IVIg) noma ye-subcutaneous (SubQIg).
• `Ama-Corticosteroids`: Isibonelo `i-prednisone` noma `i-methylprednisolone`.

I-myopathies ezuzwe njengefa kanye neyofuzo

Izifo eziningi ze-myopathies zokuzalwa nezofuzo azinawo ukwelashwa okuqondile noma ukwelashwa okuphelele.Ukuphathwa kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngokulawula izimpawu kanye nezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha. Kuqhutshwa izivivinyo eziningana zemitholampilo ezindaweni ezahlukene zocwaningo mayelana nokwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo.

Izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Duchenne muscular dystrophy kanye nesifo i-Pompe zingelashwa ngemithi ethile.

Ezinye izifo ze-myopathies ezitholakale

Odokotela belapha izifo ze-myopathies ezibangelwa yi-endocrine, izimbangela ezinobuthi, nezithathelwanayo ngokwelapha isifo esiyisisekelo esibangele i-myopathy. Izifo ze-myopathies ezinobuthi zelashwa ngokumisa into elimazayo (isb. utshwala, i-toluene) noma izidakamizwa (isb., ama-statin). Izimpawu zemisipha ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ezinye izinto ezithathelwanayo zivame ukuthuthuka lapho ukutheleleka kwelashwa ngqo ngama-antibiotic.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani impilo yami?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-myopathy iyisimo sokuzalwa, esitholwa, noma sesikhathi eside (esingamahlalakhona), kunezinto ongazenza ukuze ulondoloze impilo yakho futhi uphathe lesi simo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Yidla ukudla okuhle nokunomsoco. Faka izithelo nemifino eminingi ehlukahlukene ekudleni kwakho.
• Hlala umatasa ngokuzivocavoca okuncane kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kuye ngohlobo lwakho lwe-myopathy, ungase welulekwe ukuthi ungenzi izinhlobo ezithile zokuphakamisa izinsimbi. Ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Uma unesifo sokuvuvukala kwesikhumba esibangelwa yi-dermatomyositis, vikela isikhumba sakho elangeni. Lokhu kungenza ukuvuvukala kube kubi kakhulu. Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela nesigqoko noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Ungakhohlwa ukufaka isivikelo selanga okungenani nge-SPF 30 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle.
• Uma unenkinga yokugwinya, yidla ukudla okuthambile noma okuqinile kancane. Ungaphinde uhlanze ukudla kwakho. Uma ungumuntu ohlala embhedeni, yidla uhleli embhedeni.
• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi.
• Uma kunconywa ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma, hlanganyela kukho.

Khumbula, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-myopathy, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka athuthukise uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene ngqo nohlobo lwakho lwe-myopathy kanye nezimpawu zakho. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo. Futhi, naka umzimba wakho. Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sakho noma ubukhali bezimpawu zakho. Bona udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esijwayelekile (noma ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko). Ngale ndlela, ungenza izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Myopathy akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa akuyona futhi isimo okufanele singasinaki.

• Uma ubhekene nobuthakathaka bemisipha obuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu, noma ukukhathala, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-myopathy, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Kunezindlela zokwelapha kanye nezindlela zokuphatha izinhlobo eziningi ze-myopathy.
• Ngokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, ukuphuza imithi oyinikezwe udokotela, nokuphila impilo enempilo, ungaphila impilo enhle ngalesi simo.

Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

I- Myopathy, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubuhlungu bemisipha, izifo zofuzo, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, izimpawu zemisipha, ukwelashwa kwe-myopathy