Ake sifunde kabanzi ngegciwane le-Nipah. Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama elisha ezindabeni kulezi zinsuku elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Nipah Virus'. Abanye kungenzeka ukuthi bebesaba. Iyini ngempela i-Nipah? Isithinta kanjani thina? Ingabe izosithinta ne-Sri Lanka? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula. Asikho isizathu sokwesaba, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Iyini i-Nipah Virus? Kalula nje...

I-Nipah Virus igciwane elingadluliselwa lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu . Ngokwezokwelapha, silibiza ngokuthi "i-Zoonotic Virus". Lisakazwa kakhulu ngamalulwane ezithelo (abanye abantu bawabiza nangokuthi 'izimpungushe ezindizayo'). Kodwa-ke, lingasakazwa nayizinye izilwane ezifana nezingulube, izimbuzi, amahhashi, izinja, namakati.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, leli gciwane lifana nomuntu oqamba amanga. Linezindlela ezahlukene zokuhamba usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye.

Leli gciwane le-Nipah lisakazeka kanjani?

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko lokhu okusakazeka ngazo. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokucacile.

1. Ngokuthintana noketshezi lomzimba wesilwane esinesifo:

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma igazi, indle, noma amathe esilwane esinegciwane engena emzimbeni womuntu ophilile, igciwane lingangena emzimbeni. Isibonelo, uma umuntu osebenza eduze nengulube ethelelekile ethinta umchamo noma amathe aleso silwane futhi engagezi izandla zakhe kahle, angathola igciwane.

2. Uma udla ukudla okungcoliswe yisilwane esinalesi sifo:

Cabanga nje, uma ilulwane elinaleli gciwane lidla isithelo bese lisiwisa phansi, noma uma into efana nomchamo walo iwela esithelweni, bese isithelo sidliwa singagezwanga kahle, igciwane lingadluliselwa. Ikakhulukazi, kuthiwa umuntu kufanele aqaphele ngejusi lesundu eliluhlaza kanye nezithelo ezivela ezihlahleni lapho kuhlala khona amalulwane.

3. Ngokusondelana nomuntu onegciwane le-Nipah:

Lena yindlela esakazeka ngayo isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye . Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kulabo abanakekela umuntu ogulayo. Ngoba igciwane lingasakazeka kwabanye ngezinto ezifana namathe esiguli namaconsi avela ekuthinimuleni. Yingakho kusetshenziswa izingubo zokuzivikela ezikhethekile ezibhedlela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingasakazeka emoyeni ngamaconsi akhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane le-Nipah ekhwehlela noma ethimula . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma siseduze nabo ngezikhathi ezinjalo, lawo maconsi angangena ohlelweni lwethu lokuphefumula futhi abangele lesi sifo.

Igciwane le-Nipah livame kakhulu kuphi?

Igciwane le-Nipah litholakala kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia, kanti amacala aleli gciwane abikwe cishe minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi eBangladesh naseNdiya .

Leli gciwane laqala ukutholakala ngo-1999 ekuqubukeni okukhulu eMalaysia naseSingapore . Ngaleso sikhathi, kwafa abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 futhi kwadingeka kubulawe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezingulube. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwabikwa ezinye izifo ezingaba ngu-20.

Ngakho-ke, uma uya emazweni afana neBangladesh, iMalaysia, iSingapore, neNdiya, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu. Ngaphezu kwala mazwe, kunezinhlobo zamalulwane ezisakaza leli gciwane emazweni afana neCambodia, i-Indonesia, iMadagascar, iPhilippines, neThailand, ngakho-ke kungaba khona ingozi kulawo mazwe. Nakuba kungekho icala eliqinisekisiwe legciwane leNipah eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zegciwane le-Nipah?

Ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-Nipah, kungathatha izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-14 ukuthi izimpawu zibonakale. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sikhathi singaba side noma sifushane.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezingase zivele yilezi:

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela nomphimbo obuhlungu
• Uhudo
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathala okukhulu

Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane kanye nekhanda kuqala. Bese kuvela izimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Izimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu yilezo ezingaba khona uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu . Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kobuchopho (i-encephalitis) . Lokhu kusongela ukuphila.

Ezinye izimpawu ezinzima:

• Ukudideka nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Inkulumo engacacile (njengokungingiza)
• Ukuquleka
• I-Coma
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nalezi zimpawu kancane kangaka bese beba ngcono, kanti abanye bazithola zimbi kangaka. Okumangazayo ukuthi abanye abantu bangaba naleli gciwane kodwa bangakhombisi nhlobo izimpawu .

Igciwane le-Nipah liyingozi kangakanani kubantu?

Eqinisweni, igciwane le-Nipah liyigciwane elingaba yingozi kubantu. Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), phakathi kuka-40% no-75% wabantu abangenwa yilesi sifo bangafa . Leli phesenti liyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe, futhi lincike ekutheni iziphathimandla zezempilo zikulungele kangakanani ukulawula ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo.

Yini ebangela igciwane le-Nipah?

Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, leli yigciwane elivela ezilwaneni. Amacala okuqala abikiwe kwakungabantu abathintane nezingulube ezithelelekile. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi umthombo wokuqala walesi sifo kwakungamalulwane, nokuthi amalulwane yiwo adlulisela lesi sifo ezingulubeni.

Kalula nje, uma ilulwane noma ingulube ethelelekile ivumela uketshezi lomzimba wayo (amathe, umchamo, indle, igazi) ukuthi luhlangane nesinye isilwane, leso silwane sizolithola igciwane. Kunjalo nakubantu. Uma umuntu esenalo igciwane, angalidlulisela komunye umuntu ngoketshezi lomzimba wakhe.

Kuthiwa futhi idluliselwa ngokudla nokuphuza. Okusho ukuthi, ingadluliselwa ngokudla izithelo ezidliwe yizilwane ezifana namalulwane, noma ngokudla izithelo eziwele kuwo, njengomchamo wawo namathe, kanye nojusi wamadethi. Abantu abavame ukukhwela ezihlahleni lapho amalulwane ehlala khona nabo batheleleke ngaleli gciwane.

Igciwane le-Nipah lisakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Yebo, igciwane le-Nipah liyisifo esithathelwanayo . Lisakazeka ngoketshezi lomzimba olufana namathe, indle kanye negazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma unakekela umuntu onegciwane le-Nipah, ungalithola lapho lowo muntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Ingozi enkulu yokuthola leli gciwane ukuthintana namalulwane athelelekile, izingulube, kanye nabantu ezindaweni lapho igciwane le-Nipah livame khona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala kude nezilwane ezigulayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuphuza ijusi yamadethi eluhlaza nokudla izithelo ezingcoliswe amalulwane nakho kuyizinto eziyingozi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yegciwane le-Nipah?

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga zesikhathi eside ngemva kokululama. Isibonelo , ukuquleka kungase kuqhubeke futhi izinguquko zobuntu zingase zivele. Kwabantu abambalwa kakhulu, izimpawu zingase zingaveli izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokutheleleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane lihlala lilele emzimbeni. Abantu asebeluleme kwi-encephalitis bangaphinde babuye.

Igciwane le-Nipah litholakala kanjani? `(Ukuxilongwa)`

Udokotela angase asole igciwane le-Nipah ngokubheka izimpawu zakho bese ebuza ukuthi usanda kuhamba yini ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona igciwane. Ekuqaleni kokugula, ukuhlolwa kwe-`RT-PCR` (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwegciwane le-Nipah. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukusebenzisa okulandelayo:

• Ama-swabs ekhala noma emphinjeni
• Uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF)
• Amasampula omchamo
• Amasampula egazi

Lesi sifo singatholakala ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo noma ngemva kokululama ngokuhlola ama-antibodies athile egazini lakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) .

Igciwane le-Nipah liyalashwa kanjani ?

Ngeshwa, akukho mithi ethile yokulwa namagciwane etholakele okwamanje yegciwane le-Nipah. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kukhawulelwe ekulawuleni izimpawu . Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi.
• Ukuphumula kahle.
• Ukuthatha imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana neParacetamol noma i-Ibuprofen ukuze wehlise umkhuhlane.
• Ukusebenzisa imithi yokwelapha isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukusebenzisa ama-inhaler noma ama-nebulizer uma uphefumula kanzima.
• Uma unesifo sokuwa, thatha imithi yokuvimbela ukuwa.

Abacwaningi okwamanje bafunda ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-'Monoclonal Antibody Treatment' kungasetshenziswa yini ukulwa negciwane le-Nipah, kodwa kusesesigabeni sokucwaninga.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi legciwane le-Nipah?

Cha, akukabikho umuthi wokugomela noma umuthi othize ongayelapha ngokuphelele igciwane le-Nipah.

Ungasinda yini uma uthola igciwane le-Nipah?

Yebo, bakhona abantu abalulama egciwaneni le-Nipah. Kodwa, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, phakathi kuka-40% no-75% walabo abathola lesi sifo bayafa . Lesi yisimo esiyingozi ngempela. Izimpawu zingasukela ekushiseni okuncane kakhulu kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, kuya ekuthelelekeni kobuchopho ngisho nokufa.

Sivikelwa kanjani egciwaneni le-Nipah? (Ukuvimbela)

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma uhlala endaweni enegciwane le-Nipah, noma uya kwenye, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle: Faka insipho bese uhlikihla izandla zakho okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
• Hlala kude nezingulube ezigulayo namalulwane.
• Gcina amapulazi ezingulube ehlanzekile futhi ehlanziwe ngamagciwane. Hlukanisa ngokushesha futhi uhlukanise izilwane okusolwa ukuthi zinaleli gciwane.
• Gwema ukulenga eduze kwezihlahla nezihlahla lapho kuhlala khona amalulwane.
• Gwema ukudla ukudla okungase kube nokungcola, ikakhulukazi ijusi yamadethi eluhlaza, izithelo ezidliwe amalulwane, noma izithelo ezingcoliswe yindle yamalulwane.
• Uma ufaka ijusi lamadethi, qiniseka ukuthi ulifudumeza kahle ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa.
• Geza zonke izithelo kahle ngaphambi kokudla, susa isikhumba, bese udla.
• Susa izithelo ezidliwe amalulwane kanye nezithelo eziwele phansi.
• Gwema ukuthintana namathe, igazi, kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane.

Izindlela zokulawula ukutheleleka zingenye indlela yokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwegciwane le-Nipah. Isibonelo, uma unakekela umuntu okusolwa ukuthi unegciwane le-Nipah, kufanele usebenzise njalo Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE) .

`I-PPE` ihlanganisa:

• Izingubo ezikhethekile ezingavikela uketshezi lomzimba (Ukuzihlukanisa noma izingubo ezimboza ngokuphelele).
• Amagilavu ​​​​ezokwelapha.
• Ukuvikela amehlo (njengezibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko zamehlo)
• Amamaski ezokwelapha noma okuhlinzwa. Uhlobo lwemaski olusetshenziswayo lungahluka kuye ngokuthi ubhubhane lubucayi kangakanani.

Izisebenzi zezempilo ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezempilo kufanele zilandele izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokulawula ukutheleleka. Kufanele zisebenzise izibulala-magciwane ezifanele ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kuzo zonke izindawo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zegciwane le-Nipah (njengomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubunzima bokuphefumula), ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuhamba uye ezweni elinegciwane le-Nipah, noma uma uke wanakekela umuntu/isilwane esinaleli gciwane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi unalo yini leli gciwane ukuze ulivimbele ukuthi lingasabalali kwabanye.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Igciwane le-Nipah liyigciwane elingaba yingozi kakhulu, lisakazeka kakhulu ngamalulwane nezingulube.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela nokuphepha, kunokwesaba.

• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lokhu ukuhlala kude nezilwane ezigulayo , ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kubikwe khona ukuqubuka kwezifo.
• Futhi, gwema ukudla neziphuzo ezingase zibe nokungcola (ikakhulukazi izithelo kanye nojusi wedethi eluhlaza ovela ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amalulwane).
• Njengoba ingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, qaphela kakhulu lapho usondela kumuntu onegciwane futhi ulandele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
• Uma usanda kuhamba uye endaweni enegciwane le-Nipah futhi uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nobunzima bokuphefumula, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .

Uma sonke siqaphela lezi zinto futhi sithatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, singakwazi ukuzivikela kulezi zinhlobo zamagciwane. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Igciwane le- Nipah, amalulwane, izingulube, izifo zezilwane, izifo ezithelelanayo, izifo, izimpawu, ukuvimbela