Ingabe uhlala unemicabango nemizwa efanayo? Ake sixoxe nge-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nemicabango efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe? Noma ingabe uhlala uhlola ukuthi kukhona okwenzile noma cha? Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokucima isitofu segesi noma ukukhiya umnyango. Lezi yizinto sonke esinazo ngezinga elithile. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, le micabango kanye nezenzo abazithathayo ngenxa yayo zithinta impilo yabo yansuku zonke kuze kube yilapho bengakwazi ukusebenza. Yilapho-ke sidinga ukucabanga ngokujulile ngalesi simo. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)` noma `(OCD)` kwisayensi yezokwelapha.

Kuyini i-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) yisimo lapho unemicabango ephazamisayo (ebizwa ngokuthi i-obsessions) ephazamisayo futhi ephindaphindayo (ebizwa ngokuthi i-compulsions) ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okubangelwa yileyo micabango. Lokhu kuziphatha okuphindaphindayo kungaphazamisa ukuxhumana kwakho nabantu kanye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke.

I-OCD ivame ukuba yisimo sokuphila konke (isimo esingamahlalakhona), kodwa izimpawu zinganda noma zinciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Sonke sibhekana nezinga elithile 'lokushisekela' kanye 'nokuphoqelelwa' ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yethu. Isibonelo, kuvamile ukuhlola kabili ukuthi isitofu sivaliwe, noma ukuhlola ukuthi umnyango ukhiyiwe. Futhi sivame ukusho izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Ngishisekela kakhulu." Kodwa '(OCD)' kungaphezu kwalokho. Kungachitha amahora amaningi osuku lomuntu. Yonke imisebenzi evamile yokuphila iyaphazamiseka. Lokhu 'kushisekela' kuyimicabango engafuneki umuntu one-'(OCD)' anayo angenakuyilawula. Futhi abatholi injabulo ngokwenza lokhu 'kushisekela'.

Ingabe i-OCD ne-OCPD zizinto ezimbili ezihlukene?

Abantu abaningi bayawadida la magama amabili ngoba azwakala efana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD)` kanye `(Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - OCPD)` yizimo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele.

Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCPD) yisifo sobuntu esibonakala ngokufuna ukuphelela, isifiso sokwenza konke ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu, esekelwe emithethweni, kanye nokuzama ukulawula yonke into.

Abantu abane-OCD bavame ukwazi ukuthi imicabango nezenzo zabo azivamile nokuthi banenkinga. Bayavuma nokuthi badinga ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-OCPD bavame ukungacabangi ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokuziphatha noma izinkolelo zabo.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo se-OCD?

Noma ubani angaba ne-OCD. Lesi simo sivame ukuqala cishe eminyakeni eyi-19. Cishe abantu abangu-50% abane-OCD baba nezimpawu ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni.

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu abe ne-OCD ngemva kweminyaka engu-40.

Ivame kangakanani i-OCD?

Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okungapheli (OCD) empeleni siyisifo esivame kakhulu. Kubikwa ukuthi sithinta phakathi kuka-1.6% no-2.3% wabantu bonke e-United States. Kukhona nabantu abaningi abanalesi simo eSri Lanka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-OCD?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-OCD ukuphikelela (imicabango engafuneki) kanye nokuphoqelelwa (izenzo ozenzayo ukuphendula kuzo), esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili. Lezi zimpawu zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwakho okuvamile. Isibonelo, lezi zimpawu zingakwenza ungakwazi ukufika emsebenzini ngesikhathi. Noma ungathatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukulungiselela ukulala ebusuku.

Ungase uqaphele ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziyinkinga, kodwa awukwazi ukuzivimba. Izimpawu ze-OCD zingakhula, ziphele, futhi zibe zimbi noma zibe ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nibhekene nezimpawu ze-OCD ezithinta impilo yenu yansuku zonke, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Ukuzidela (imicabango engafuneki, ekhathazayo) eyenzeka ku-OCD

Ku-OCD, ukuqwashisa yimicabango ephazamisayo noma izithombe zengqondo ongakwazi ukuzilawula futhi ezibangela ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Abantu abaningi abane-OCD bayazi ukuthi le micabango ayicabangi futhi ayijwayelekile.

Ezinye izibonelo ezivamile 'zokushisekela' yilezi:

• Ukwesaba okukhulu ukuthinta noma ukugula ngamagciwane, ukungcola, noma ezinye izinto ezingcolile. Cabanga nje, wesaba ukuthinta ucingo ebhasini, ukushintsha imali esitolo, noma ngisho nokuxhawulana.
• Ukwesaba ukuzilimaza noma ukulimaza abanye. Ngokuqondile, imicabango efana nokuthi, "Uma ngingaqaphile, ngizolimaza othile?" "Uma ngingakhiyi umnyango, ingabe isela lizongena lilimaza umndeni?" Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nokwesaba ukwenza into enobudlova abangakwazi ukuyilawula.
• Ukwakheka kwemicabango engathandeki, engathandeki noma izithombe zengqondo ezihlobene nocansi engqondweni. Lokhu kuza ngaphandle kwemvume yomuntu futhi kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo.
• Ukwesaba kakhulu ukwenza iphutha. Uma wenza iphutha, ngisho noma lincane, uzoba namahloni amakhulu.
• Ukucabanga ngokweqile ngokulungile nokungalungile (ukuziphatha). Ukucabanga ngokweqile ngakho konke, ubuza ukuthi "Ingabe lokhu kulungile? Ingabe lokhu akulungile?"
• Ukuzizwa usola futhi unengwa njalo.
• Isidingo esikhulu sokuba konke kuhleleke, kulingane, futhi kungabi naphutha. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi ngisho nezincwadi etafuleni kanye nezingubo ezisekhabetheni kuyasuswa ngisho nemilimitha.
• Isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuqinisekiswa abanye. Ukubuza njalo, "Ngikwenze kahle lokhu?" "Ngicime isitofu?"

Ukuphoqelelwa (izenzo eziphindaphindayo) okwenzeka ku-OCD

Ku-OCD, lokhu 'kuphoqelelwa' kuyizenzo eziphindaphindwayo ozizwa uphoqelekile ukuze unciphise ingcindezi nokwesaba okubangelwa 'yimizwa yokuzikhukhumeza' okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini, noma ukuthola impumuzo kukho.

Abantu abane-OCD abafuni ukwenza lezi zinto eziphoqelelwe, futhi abakujabuleli ukuzenza. Kodwa banomuzwa wokuthi uma bengazenzi lezi zinto, ukwesaba nokucindezeleka okubangelwa yileyo micabango ecindezelayo kuzokwanda. Kodwa impumuzo kulezi zinto eziphoqelelwe ingeyesikhashana. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izinto eziphoqelelwe ziyabuya engqondweni, bese belingeka ukuba baphinde benze lezo zinto eziphoqelelwe. Kufana nomjikelezo.

Lezi 'ziphoqelo' zichitha isikhathi esiningi futhi ziphazamisa izinto ezibalulekile ozazisayo. Lezi zenzo akudingeki ukuthi zihlobane 'nokushisekela kwakho'.

Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Ukuhlela konke ngendlela ethile. Isibonelo, kufanele uhlele izinto nezincwadi edeskini lakho ngokulandelana okufanayo nangendlela efanayo. Uma uhambisa kancane, kufanele uqale phansi futhi.
• Ukugeza, ukuhlanza, ukugeza izandla ngokuphindaphindiwe. Abanye abantu bageza izandla zabo izikhathi eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu ngosuku, bezihlikihla futhi bezihlikihla imizuzu.
• Ukugcina impahla kuyisenzo sokuqoqa noma ukuqoqa izinto ezingenanzuzo yomuntu siqu noma yezezimali. Izinto ezifana namaphephandaba amadala namabhodlela angenalutho ziyanqwabelana futhi azikwazi ukulahlwa.
• Ukuhlola izinto ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuhlola ukuthi iminyango ikhiyiwe, izibani zicinyiwe, isitofu sikaphethiloli sicinyiwe. Abanye abantu bayaphuma endlini, bahambe ibanga elifushane, bese bebuya bezohlola.
• Njalo uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho olimalayo ngenxa yezenzo zakhe.
• Ngihlala ngifuna isiqinisekiso kwabanye.
• Amasiko ahlobene nezinombolo. Isibonelo, ukwenza into izikhathi ezithile (njengokuyenza kathathu, ukuyenza kasikhombisa), noma ukuthanda noma ukugwema izinombolo ezithile.
• Ukusho amazwi noma imithandazo ethile ngenkathi wenza umsebenzi ongahlobene.

Ukuphoqelelwa kungahlanganisa nokugwema izimo ezibangela ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Isibonelo, ukwenqaba ukuxhawulana nabanye noma ukuthinta izinto ezithintwa abantu abaningi, njengezibambo zomnyango.

Yini ebangela i-OCD?

Abacwaningi abakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-OCD, kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezibangela lokhu:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi uma othile emndenini (abazali, izingane zakubo) ene-OCD, abanye basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo. Futhi, uma othile emndenini eke waba ne-OCD ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni, ingozi inkulu nakakhulu.
• Izinguquko zobuchopho:Izifundo zokuthatha izithombe zibonise ukuthi abantu abane-OCD banezinguquko ezithile ku-cortex yangaphambili kanye nezakhiwo ezihlobene ne-subcortical. I-OCD ihlotshaniswa nezimo zezinzwa ezithinta izindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho, njengesifo sikaParkinson, i-Tourette's syndrome, kanye nesifo sokuwa.
• I-PANDAS syndrome: I-PANDAS isifinyezo segama elithi "izifo ze-neuropsychiatric ezibangelwa yi-autoimmune ezinganeni ezihlobene nokutheleleka kwe-streptococcal." Ichaza iqembu lezimo ezingathinta ezinye izingane eziye zaba nokutheleleka kwamagciwane e-streptococcal, njenge-strep throat noma i-scarlet fever. I-OCD ingenye yalezi zimo.
• Ukulimala ebuntwaneni: Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu njengokuhlukunyezwa kwasebuntwaneni kanye nokunganakwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-OCD.

I-OCD itholakala kanjani?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuthola i-OCD. Udokotela uzokuthola lesi simo ngemuva kokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando wempilo yengqondo. Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela eziku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, uhlelo lwesi-5 (DSM-V) ukuthola i-OCD.

Lezo zindlela zifaka:

• Ukuba 'nemicabango engathandeki' noma 'izinto eziphoqelelwe' (izenzo ezithathwayo ngenxa yayo), noma kokubili.
• Lokhu 'ukuzidela' noma 'ukuphoqelelwa' kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ngosuku.
• Lokhu kuzitika noma ukuphoqelelwa kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma kuphazamise imisebenzi yomphakathi, yomsebenzi, noma eminye ebalulekile empilweni.
• Lezi zimpawu azibangelwa izidakamizwa, utshwala, eminye imithi, noma esinye isimo somzimba.
• Lezi zimpawu azikwazi ukuchazwa esinye isifo sengqondo (isib., ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka okuvamile, ukuphazamiseka kokudla, ukuphazamiseka kwesithombe somzimba).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-OCD?

Uhlelo lokwelapha olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-OCD luhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma) kanye nemithi.

Uma lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaziqedi izimpawu zakho ze-OCD futhi izimpawu zakho zinzima, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwe-OCD

Ukwelapha ngengqondo kuyindlela ehlukahlukene yokwelapha ekusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe imizwa yakho engaphilile, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha. Usebenza nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo , njengososayensi wengqondo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-psychotherapy. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-OCD yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT):Ku-CBT, umelaphi uyakusiza ukuthi uhlole futhi uqonde imicabango nemizwa yakho. Ezifundweni ezimbalwa, i-CBT ingakusiza ukuthi ushintshe imicabango yakho eyingozi, uyeke imikhuba yakho engemihle, futhi wethule izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nesimo sakho. Cabanga ukuthi unenkolelo engamanga engqondweni yakho, njengokuthi "Uma ngithinta umnyango, ngizogula," bese uzibuza ukuthi kuyiqiniso yini nokuthi kukhona yini isisekelo sesayensi salokho.
• Ukuvimbela Ukuvezwa Nokuphendula (ERP): Lokhu kuyingxenye ye-CBT. Kulokhu, umelaphi ukuvezela kancane kancane esimweni noma umcabango owesabayo, kodwa akakuvumeli ukuthi wenze isenzo sokuphoqelela (isenzo esiphindaphindayo) osenzayo ekuphenduleni. Isibonelo, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uthinte into ocabanga ukuthi ingcolile, bese uyeka ukuyenza uma uzama ukugeza izandla zakho. Uma ukulesi simo sokwesaba, futhi kungenzeki lutho olubi, uyaqaphela ukuthi imicabango yakho eyesabayo imane nje imicabango, nokuthi ayiyona into yangempela. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enzima, kodwa ephumelela kakhulu ye-OCD.
• Ukwelashwa Kokwamukela Nokuzibophezela (ACT): I-ACT ikusiza ukuthi wamukele ukuthi imicabango yakho ephikelelayo iyimicabango nje, futhi yehlise amandla ayo. Uchwepheshe we-ACT angakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo enenjongo naphezu kwezimpawu zakho ze-OCD. Okusho ukuthi, esikhundleni sokulwa nale micabango, ungamukela ukuthi izofika ihambe futhi igxile ezintweni ezibalulekile empilweni yakho kuwe.

Amasu okuthuthukisa ukucabanga njengokuzindla kanye namasu okuphumula angasiza futhi ekulawuleni izimpawu.

Imithi ye-OCD

Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs), i-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), kanye ne-tricyclic antidepressants ingasiza ekwelapheni i-OCD. Isebenza ngokulinganisela umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter serotonin ebuchosheni.

Odokotela bavame ukunikeza ama-SSRI e-OCD. Lawa avame ukunikezwa ngemithamo ephezulu kunaleyo esetshenziselwa ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka. Amanye ama-SSRI avunyelwe yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) afaka:

• `(Fluoxetine)`
• `(I-Fluvoxamine)`
• `(I-Paroxetine)`
• `(USertraline)`

Kungathatha phakathi kwamasonto ayi-8 kuya kwayi-12 ukuthi le mithi iqale ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke ungayeki ukuyithatha ngokuzumayo ngoba ayisebenzi. Kufanele uqhubeke uyithatha njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalile.

Iyini i-OCD ebikezelayo?

Umbono we-OCD ungahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. I-OCD ivame ukuba yisimo sokuphila konke, esinezikhathi zokululama.

Nokho, izinga lokuphila lalabo abane-OCD abathola ukwelashwa okufanele lithuthuka kakhulu.Ubudlelwano babo nabantu, umsebenzi wesikole, noma ukusebenza kwabo emsebenzini nakho kuyathuthuka.

Uma ungatholi ukwelashwa, lo mjikelezo wokuzidela kanye nokuphoqelelwa kuba nzima ukuwuphula nokwelapha, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko zesakhiwo ziyavela ebuchosheni bakho. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu uma wena noma ingane yakho niqala ukuzwa izimpawu.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuvimbela i-OCD?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-OCD. Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi kunciphise umthelela ezinawo empilweni yakho.

Uma ngine-OCD, ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Ngaphezu kokufuna ukwelashwa kwe-OCD, ukuzinakekela kungakusiza futhi ukuphatha izimpawu zakho. Isibonelo:

• Lala kahle. Lala okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, nokudla okuhlanzekile.
• Chitha isikhathi nabantu obathandayo abakusekelayo nabaqondayo i-OCD yakho.
• Prakthiza amasu okuphumula. Izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, ukubhucunga umzimba, kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo.
• Joyina amaqembu okusekela abantu abane-OCD. Lawa angaba ku-inthanethi noma mathupha. Ukukhuluma nabantu abaye badlula ezintweni ezifanayo nawe kungaba namandla kakhulu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami mayelana ne-OCD?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nitholakale ninesifo i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, kuzodingeka nibone udokotela wakho kanye/noma uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenu kusebenza kahle.

Uma uphuza imithi ye-OCD futhi ubhekene nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engathandeki, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule yile: Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okungapheli (OCD) yisifo sengqondo. Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifo sengqondo, ukufuna usizo ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka empilweni yakho. Odokotela nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bangakunikeza izinhlelo zokwelapha ukuze bakusize ulawule ukucindezelwa kwakho kanye nokucindezelwa kwakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzazi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCD) yisimo sengqondo esibonakala ngemicabango ephazamisayo (obsessions) kanye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe (compulsions) ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka okubangelwa yiyo.
• Lokhu akuyona into esivame ukuyisho, "Ngicabanga kakhulu ngomunye umuntu," kodwa into engathi sína kakhulu futhi ethinta impilo yansuku zonke.
• `(OCD)` kanye `(OCPD)` yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene.
• Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile zingaziwa, izakhi zofuzo, izinguquko zobuchopho, izifo ezithile, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni kungaba nendima.
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo (ikakhulukazi i-'CBT' kanye ne-'ERP') kanye nemithi yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Awuwedwa, futhi ukuthola usizo kuwuphawu lwamandla.

I- OCD, Isifo Sokukhathazeka Okungapheli, Impilo Yengqondo, Imicabango Ephazamisayo, Izenzo Eziphindaphindayo, Ukukhathazeka, Ukwelashwa