Ingabe iso lakho libhekene nokugeleza kwegazi okunciphile? Ake sifunde ngalokhu (i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)!

Ingabe ulahlekelwe ukubona kwakho ngokuzumayo, noma uzwa ubuhlungu obungajwayelekile, obungenakuchazeka noma ubunzima kwelinye noma womabili amehlo? Noma ingabe amehlo akho aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma uphuma ngaphandle? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane kuwukucindezeleka kwamehlo, kodwa kungase kube nokuthile okubi kakhulu ngemuva kwakho. Yilokho okushiwo yi-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabeka kancane, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Iyini le `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`?

Kalula nje, i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yisimo samehlo esingavamile esenzeka lapho amehlo ethu engatholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukugcwala kwamafutha (okubizwa nangokuthi ama-plaque) emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu entanyeni yethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Carotid Artery. Le mithambo yegazi iphinde inikeze igazi emehlweni ethu. Ngakho-ke, lapho le mithambo yegazi ivalekile, inani legazi eliya emehlweni liyancipha. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zokubona nobuhlungu bamehlo.

Ngamanye amazwi, incazelo yaleli gama, igama negama, imi kanje:

• "Ocular" ngokwezokwelapha kusho "okuphathelene namehlo."
• I-"Ischemic" noma i-"Ischemia" yisimo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kwehla khona ngenxa ye-"atherosclerosis" (ukuncipha noma ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi). Lesi simo yisona esibangela "Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid" (Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid).
• "I-Syndrome" ibhekisela esimweni lapho izimpawu eziningana zenzeka khona ndawonye.

Ngakho-ke, konke lokhu uma kuhlanganisiwe, lokhu kuyiqoqo lezimpawu ezibangelwa ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi emehlweni. Lesi simo, ikakhulukazi, singaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-`(Carotid Artery Disease)`. Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Carotid Artery Disease)` sandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izimbangela ze-`(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu `(Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid)` (Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid) . Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(I-Carotid Artery Stenosis)`. `(I-Stenosis)` kusho ukuncipha noma ukuvaleka komthambo. Le mithambo yegazi emibili ebizwa ngokuthi `(Imithambo Ye-Carotid)` ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo yakho ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo ekhanda lakho, entanyeni, ebuchosheni, nasemahlweni. Ngakho-ke lapho `(I-Plaque)`, into enamafutha, iqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi (lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(I-Atheroma)`), ukugeleza kwegazi kuyavinjelwa.

Imithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuthi `(Ophthalmic Arteries)` enikeza igazi emehlweni ethu iqala kule `(Carotid Arteries)`. Ngakho-ke, umuntu one`(Carotid Artery Disease)` akatholi igazi elanele emehlweni akhe. Lokho kuntuleka kwegazi kuyisisekelo se`(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`.

Ngaphezu kwalesi sizathu esiyinhloko, kunezinye izizathu ezingabonakali kakhulu:

• `(Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Ye-Carotid)` (isimo esifana nokuhlukaniswa kwemithambo ye-carotid)
• I-Vasculitis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi). Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Takayasu's Arteritis, i-Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), kanye ne-Behcet's Disease.
• `(I-Fibrovascular Dysplasia)`
• `(I-Scleroderma)`
• `(Isifo sikaMoyamoya)`

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

I-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu , esithinta abantu abangaba ngu-8 esigidini ngasinye.

Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80. Amadoda cishe aphindwe kabili amathuba okuba naso kunabesifazane .

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezithinta lokhu:

• `(Isifo Senhliziyo)` (Izifo zesimiso senhliziyo, okungukuthi, izifo ezihlobene nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi)
• Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo (CAD)
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema, noma kokubili.
• `(Isifo sikaMoyamoya)` (Lesi futhi yisifo esihlobene nemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni)
• Uma uke waba nesifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIA) (njengesifo sohlangothi esincane).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome?

Izimpawu zalesi simo aziveli njalo. Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, zivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela . Lesi simo sithinta kakhulu umbono wakho. Bheka lezi zimpawu uma unazo:

• Ubuhlungu obungajabulisi, obubuhlungu obuvela ngaphakathi kweso futhi bufika buphinde buphele ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo buyazwakala lapho umfutho wamehlo ukhuphuka.
• Izikhala ezivulekile (indilinga emnyama phakathi kweso).
• Ukuzizwa sengathi amabala amnyama noma imicu intanta phambi kwamehlo (Eye Floaters).
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo (Ukubona Okuphansi) noma ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana bese kuba khona (Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona Okufushane).
• Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya, ukubona okufiphele (i-Photophobia).
• Ukuzizwa sengathi ubona izinto ezimbili (i-Diplopia).

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Izimpawu ze-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome zingafana nezinye izimo ezifana ne-diabetesic retinopathy kanye ne-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile .

Odokotela bamehlo benza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuze baxilonge lesi simo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuhlukahlukene kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela yezinkinga zokubona. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile, ukuskena kwe-optical coherence tomography (OCT), i-electroretinography (ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi we-retina), kanye nekhono lokubona elivukile (ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa esihlobene nombono).
• I-Fluorescein Angiogram : Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa lapho kufakwa khona idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni ongalweni ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi ligeleze emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso nokuthi igazi liyavuza yini emithanjeni yegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo (udokotela ogxile ezifweni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi) angayala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuze ahlole isifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid:

• `(I-Carotid Artery Duplex Vascular Ultrasound)` (Ukuskena kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni)
• `(CT Angiogram - CTA)`, `(Carotid Angiogram)` noma `(Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)` (lezi futhi izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuskena ezibheka isimo semithambo yegazi entanyeni).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Kunezinyathelo eziningana ezihlobene ezihilelekile ekwelapheni i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome. Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana kochwepheshe abahlukahlukene.

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zamehlo:

• Izinhlobo zokujova kwamehlo: Imithi yokulwa ne-VEGF noma ama-steroid. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala ku-retina.
• Amaconsi Eso Anemithi: Yehlisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kweso kanye nokuvuvukala.
• Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi welashwe nge-laser ukuze uvimbele ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphezulu.

Ukwelashwa `(Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid)`:

• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi, kanye nemithi yokulawula izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• I-Carotid Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting: Inqubo lapho umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe uvuthwa khona ngedivayisi efana nebhaluni bese kufakwa i-stent (ipayipi elincane elifana ne-mesh) ukuze ivinjwe futhi.
• I-Carotid Endarterectomy: Inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa i-plaque eqongeleleke ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome ozoba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokubona ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, cishe ingxenye yabantu abanalesi simo bazobhekana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngezinga elithile phakathi nonyaka . Futhi, cishe abantu abayisikhombisa kwabayishumi bazoba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Neovascular Glaucoma. Ku-Neovascular Glaucoma, kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha, engajwayelekile esweni, ivimbele ukugeleza koketshezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphezulu ngendlela eyingozi.

Sinjani isimo sempilo somuntu one-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome?

Eqinisweni, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Carotid Artery Disease)` esibangela `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)` singaba yingozi empilweni . Ngemva kokuxilongwa `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`, kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanuCishe abantu abane kwabayishumi bayafa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi nokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kungasiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni impilo yakho.

Okubalulekile: Angizami ukukwethusa ngalokhu. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukungathi sína kwalesi simo bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Ingabe i-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola `(Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid)` kanye `nangaleso sikhathi, `(I-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome).` Lezi yilezi:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunempilo, njengokudla kwaseMedithera.
• Thola izindlela ezinempilo zokuphatha ukucindezeleka.
• Lawula kahle isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Uma ubhema, cela usizo lokuyeka.
• Hlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uvivinye umzimba.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela:

• Ubuhlungu emehlweni.
• Noma yiluphi ushintsho embonweni luyinkinga.

Futhi, uma uzwa izimpawu zokukhubazeka (isib. ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukungakhululeki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso), iya esibhedlela ngokushesha noma ushayele ucingo ku-1990.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani nginalezi zimpawu?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka ngizenze?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngithuthukise impilo yenhliziyo yami?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivikele amehlo ami?
• Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngezinkinga?

Noma yisiphi isimo esithinta amehlo siyinkinga yangempela. Uma une-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, ukushintsha kombono kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthi imithambo yegazi yakho ivaliwe futhi ukugeleza kwegazi ekhanda lakho kunciphile. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwezinye izimo, njenge-Carotid Artery Disease. Ezinye izimo zamehlo nazo zingabangela lezi zimpawu.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wamehlo onolwazi ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni izifo zamehlo ezingavamile . Kungase kudingeke futhi ubonane nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuze elaphe "i-Carotid Artery Disease". Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuvula umthambo wegazi ovalekile nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi emehlweni. Ungenza futhi izinguquko endleleni yokuphila ukuze uvikele inhliziyo yakho kanye namehlo akho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yisimo esibangelwa ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi emehlweni, imbangela eyinhloko ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni (Carotid Arteries).
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuncipha kokubona noma ubuhlungu bamehlo, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sikadokotela.
• Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwe-"Carotid Artery Disease", okwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi .
• Ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, impilo ingalondolozwa.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukubhema, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokulawula isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngikufisela ukululama okusheshayo!

Isifo Sokusha Kwegazi Emehlweni, Ukwehla Kokugeleza Kwegazi Emehlweni, Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid, Ukwehla Kokubona, Ubuhlungu Bamehlo, Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid, I-Atherosclerosis