Luhlobo luni lwegazi lakho? Ake sithole ukuthi ziyini ngempela lezi zinhlobo zegazi.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Leso izinhlobo zegazi. Cishe uke wezwa ngezinto ezifana nokuthi 'A positive' kanye nokuthi 'O negative'. Kodwa ziyini ngempela lezi zinhlobo zegazi? Kungani zibaluleke kangaka uma kukhulunywa ngokunikela ngegazi kithi? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Yini ngempela esegazini lethu?

Cabanga ngakho, lolu ketshezi olubomvu olugeleza emizimbeni yethu, igazi, aluwona amanzi nje kuphela. Lunezinto eziningi ezimangalisayo nezibalulekile kulo. Kalula nje, igazi lethu linezakhi ezine eziyinhloko:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu: Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke, njengesevisi yokulethwa kokudla.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Lawa afana namaphoyisa emzimbeni wethu. Lawa mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi alwa namagciwane abangela izifo .
• Ama-Platelet: Lawa ama-platelet asiza ekumiseni ukopha uma ulimala. Ayahlangana futhi akhe amahlule egazi.
• I-Plasma: Lena yingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi. Amaseli abomvu egazi okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet konke kuntanta kulolu ketshezi olubizwa nge-plasma.

Into emangalisayo ukuthi, igazi lomuntu wonke alifani. Kunezinhlobo ezincane zegazi. Lezo zinhlobo zegazi yizo esizibiza ngokuthi izinhlobo zegazi.

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi zinhlobo zegazi?

Ukuthayipha igazi, okungukuthi, ukwazi ukuthi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyini, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma kufanele unike othile igazi, lokhu kukusiza ukukwenza ngokuphephile futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Sinamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, futhi phezulu, okungukuthi, ebusweni, kunezimpawu ezincane. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zimpawu sizibiza ngokuthi ' ama-antigen ' . Empeleni lezi zingamaprotheni noshukela emizimbeni yethu. Umzimba wethu usebenzisa lezi zimpawu ukuqaphela ukuthi 'leli yiseli lami legazi'. Kunezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthayipha igazi. Ziyisistimu ye-ABO kanye nesistimu ye-Rh .

Luyini uhlobo lwegazi lwe-ABO?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegazi ngokwesimiso se-ABO. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Uhlobo A: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lune-antigen ebizwa ngokuthi 'A'.
• Uhlobo B: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lune-antigen ebizwa ngokuthi 'B'.
• Uhlobo lwe-AB: Njengoba igama lisho, lolu hlobo lwegazi lunama-antigen amabili 'A' kanye 'B'.
• Uhlobo O: Lolu hlobo lwegazi alunawo noma yiliphi lama-antigen 'A' noma 'B' okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.

Ngakho-ke iyini le Rh factor?

Ngaphezu kohlelo lwe-ABO, igazi liphinde lihlukaniswe ngokuthi 'i-Rh positive' (okusho ukuthi line-Rh factor) noma 'i-Rh negative' (okusho ukuthi alinayo i-Rh factor). I-Rh ingenye iphrotheni ekhethekile engatholakala ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi, okuyi-"Antigen" enye. Ngakho-ke, lapho lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezibizwa nge-ABO ne-Rh zihlanganiswa, sithola izinhlobo zegazi eziyi-8 eziyinhloko. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Okubi:Lolu hlobo lwegazi alunazo izimpawu ze-A noma ze-B, futhi alunazo i-Rh factor.
• O positive: Lolu hlobo lwegazi alunazo izimpawu ze-A noma ze-B, kodwa lune-Rh factor. O positive uhlobo lwegazi oluvame kakhulu eSri Lanka (olunye uhlobo lwegazi oluvamile yi-A positive).
• I-negative: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lune-A marker kuphela, alunayo i-Rh factor.
• I-positive: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lune-A marker kanye ne-Rh factor, kodwa aluna-B marker. Lolu futhi uhlobo lwegazi oluvame kakhulu, njengo-O positive.
• I-B negative: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lune-B ​​marker kuphela, alunayo i-Rh factor.
• I-B positive: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lune-B ​​marker kanye ne-Rh factor, kodwa aluna-A marker.
• I-AB negative: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lunezimpawu ezimbili u-A no-B, kodwa alunazo i-Rh factor.
• I-AB positive: Lolu hlobo lwegazi lunazo zonke izimpawu ezintathu ezishiwo ngenhla – okungukuthi, u-A, u-B, kanye ne-Rh factor.

Manje ungase ucabange, 'O, ingabe uhlobo lwegazi lami alungcono kunolwakhe, noma olwami lubuthakathaka?' Ayikho into enjalo! Ukuba noma ukulahlekelwa yinoma yiliphi lala ma-antigen akwenzi igazi lomuntu libe nempilo noma libe buthakathaka. Kufana nokuba namehlo aluhlaza esikhundleni sezinwele eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ezigoqekile esikhundleni sokuba ziqonde, okuwumehluko omncane nje wezakhi zofuzo. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngakho.

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi ngalezi zinhlobo zegazi?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi ngalezi zinhlobo zegazi, ukuze sizifanise. Sinesimiso sokuzivikela esihlakaniphile nesimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Sisibiza ngokuthi isimiso sokuzivikela . Sifana nebutho elivikela izwe. Lolu hlelo lunekhono elimangalisayo lokubuka izinto ezingena emzimbeni wethu futhi sizibone ngokuthi 'oh, lokhu kungumzimba wami' (mina) noma 'lo ungowesinye isizwe' (ongeyena mina). Uma unika umuntu igazi, okungukuthi, lapho odokotela bempompela igazi, isimiso sokuzivikela somuntu othola lelo gazi kufanele siqaphele amangqamuzana egazi amasha bese sithi 'oh, lawa uhlobo lwami, ayangifanele'. Uma singakuboni okufanayo okunjalo, okungukuthi, uma izinhlobo ezimbili zegazi 'zingafani', amangqamuzana amasha ayenqatshwa. Kalula nje, ahlasela futhi abhubhise lawo maseli. Uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela oluhlakaniphile lwenza uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini, silubiza ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies' . Lawa afana nabalindi. Uma amangqamuzana angaphandle, angahambisani engena emzimbeni, lawa ma-antibodies asebenza ngokushesha futhi aqale ukusebenza ngokumelene nalawo maseli angaphandle. Kuye ngohlobo lwegazi lomuntu, amasosha omzimba wakhe akhiqiza ama-antibodies angalwa nezinye izinhlobo zegazi ezingahambisani.

Kwenzekani uma unikeza uhlobo lwegazi olungalungile?Yilapho-ke inkinga iqala khona. Lawo ma-antibodies aqala ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi abhubhise amaseli egazi amasha angahambisani angene emzimbeni. Lokhu kungaba ukusabela okubi okuthinta umzimba wonke (Transfusion Reaction). Kungase kube nezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kanye nokwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ngisho nezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu njengohlelo lokuphefumula (ukuphefumula) kanye nezinso zingase zehluleke. Yingakho ukufanisa izinhlobo zegazi ngokunembile lapho unikela ngegazi kuyindaba yokuphila nokufa.

Ake sibheke ukuthi izinhlobo zegazi kanye nama-antibodies asebenza kanjani.

Ukuze sikuchaze kabanzi lokhu, ake sisebenzise isibonelo. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela:

• Cabanga ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi -A. Ngenxa yokuthi igazi lakho line-antigen ye-A, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-antibodies e-B. Uma igazi eline-antigen ye-B (okungukuthi, uhlobo B noma uhlobo AB) lingena emzimbeni wakho, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sohlobo A sizosebenzisa lawo ma-antibodies e-B ukulwa namaseli egazi amasha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathola igazi kuphela kumuntu ohlobo A noma uhlobo O. Awukwazi ukuthola igazi kumuntu ohlobo B noma AB.

• Ngokufanayo, uma une-antigen ye-B egazini lakho (okusho ukuthi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi yi -B ), umzimba wakho uzokwakha ama-antibodies e-A. Khona-ke ungathola igazi kuphela kumuntu onohlobo B noma uhlobo O. Awukwazi ukuthola igazi kumuntu onohlobo A noma AB.

Lokhu kubathinta kanjani abantu abanezinhlobo zegazi ze-AB kanye ne-O?

Le ndaba ihlukile kancane kubantu abanohlobo lwegazi i-AB kanye nohlobo lwegazi i-O.

• Manje cabanga ukuthi uma unezinhlobo ezimbili zama-antigen A kanye ne-B ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi (okungukuthi, uma uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyi- AB ), umzimba wakho awudingi ukulwa nanoma yimaphi ama-antigen A noma B. Ngoba womabili lawo ma-antigen ayaqaphela umzimba wakho, ethi, 'Lawa ngawami.' Lokho kusho ukuthi umuntu onohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB angathola igazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi, u-A, B, AB, noma u-O. Ikakhulukazi, abantu abanohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB positive babizwa ngokuthi 'abamukeli be-universal' noma ' abamukeli be-universal .'

• Kodwa, uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi- O , amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi awanawo lawo ma-antigen A noma B. Kwenzekani-ke?
• Umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-antibodies amabili u-A no-B. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho alwe nezinhlobo zegazi u-A, u-B, no-AB. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu onegazi lohlobo u-O angathola igazi lohlobo u-O kuphela.
• Kodwa kukhona into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ekhethekile lapha. Kukhona uhlobo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuthi i-O negative, olunganikwa noma ubani! Ngoba alunawo ama-antigen (ama-antigen) afana no-A, B, noma i-Rh. Ngakho-ke, akekho umzimba womuntu ozosabela kulo. Yingakho uhlobo lwegazi olunegative lwe-O lubizwa ngokuthi 'umnikeli we-universal' noma umnikeli we-universal.Ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lapho uhlobo lwegazi lungenakutholakala ngokushesha, igazi elibi le-O livame ukusetshenziswa.

Ukunikela ngegazi kungasindisa izimpilo eziningi!

Uyazi ukuthi enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibalulekile ezenziwa ezibhedlela futhi ezisiza ekusindiseni izimpilo eziningi ukunikeza igazi, okungukuthi, ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ubungamangala uma ungatshelwa ukuthi ndawana thize emhlabeni, othile udinga igazi njalo ngemizuzwana emi-2 . Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengeziguli zomdlavuza, ekuhlinzweni, ezingozini, badinga igazi ngale ndlela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi igazi akuyona into engenziwa ngokwenziwa, okungukuthi, elabhorethri. Livela komunye umuntu ophilile, ozithandelayo. Yingakho abantu abanikela ngegazi bedingeka njalo.

Ubuwazi ukuthi ukunikela ngegazi elilodwa nje kungasindisa izimpilo ezifika kwabathathu? Yebo, kuyiqiniso lokho. Yingakho ukunikela ngegazi kuyinto enhle kakhulu futhi eyigugu.

Ukuze kugcinwe igazi liphephile ngaso sonke isikhathi, yonke iminikelo yegazi ihlolwa uhlobo lwegazi, kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-AIDS kanye ne-hepatitis.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuzithatha ekhaya endabeni yanamuhla?

Kulungile, ake sikhumbule amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu okufanele siwakhumbule kuyo yonke le nkulumo:

• Akuwona wonke umuntu ofana naye. Izinhlobo zegazi lethu zinqunywa izimpawu ezikhethekile, ezibizwa ngokuthi ``ama-Antigens,'' emangqamuzaneni ethu abomvu egazi.
• Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlobo zegazi: uhlelo lwe-ABO (izinhlobo ezine u-A, u-B, u-AB, no-O) kanye nohlelo lwe-Rh (oluhle noma olubi). Lezi ezimbili ziyahlangana zakha izinhlobo zegazi ezingu-8.
• Ukulinganisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyinto ebalulekile lapho unikela ngegazi. Ukunikeza uhlobo lwegazi olungafanele kungabangela ukusabela okubi, ngisho nokusongela ukuphila.
• Igazi elibi kakhulu linganikezwa noma ubani (Umnikeli We-Universal). Igazi elibi kakhulu lingatholakala kunoma ubani (Umnikeli We-Universal). Lokhu kufanelekile ukukukhumbula.
• Uhlobo lwegazi lumane luwukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo, njengombala wamehlo noma ukuthungwa kwezinwele. Akwenzi impilo yakho ibe ngcono noma ibe yimbi kakhulu.
• Ukunikela ngegazi kungasindisa izimpilo. Uma ukwazi, futhi uma uhlangabezana nezimfuneko, nikela ngegazi. Kuyinto eyigugu kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ongayenza.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi manje usunokuqonda okuhle kanye nomqondo ocacile ngezinhlobo zegazi. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyini. Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku luzoba usizo kuwe noma kothile omaziyo. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma esibhedlela.

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Izinhlobo Zegazi, Izinhlobo Zegazi, i-ABO, i-Rh Factor, Ukunikela Ngegazi, Ukumpontshelwa Igazi