Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Polio. Ingabe ingane yakho iphephile kuyo?

Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wezwa ngePolio. Esikhathini esidlule, lesi kwakuyisifo abantu abaningi ababesesaba. Ngoba singabangela ukukhubazeka futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Kodwa manje akukho okufanele ukwesabe, ngoba lesi sifo siye salawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yemigomo. Kodwa-ke, siseyinkinga kwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini iPolio nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kuyo.

Iyini i-polio? Kungani ivele?

Kalula nje, i-Polio yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane . Leli gciwane libizwa ngokuthi 'i-Poliovirus'. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kwakuvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neMelika. Abantu babesaba kakhulu, ngoba kungabangela ukukhubazeka futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa.

Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba odokotela beqale ukunikeza imijovo ye-polio ngawo-1950, inani labantu abathola lesi sifo lehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Manje seliphansi kakhulu emazweni afana neMelika. Kodwa-ke, i-polio iseyinkinga kwezinye izingxenye zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Sinenhlanhla eSri Lanka, ngoba i-polio cishe ayikho ezweni lakithi. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho uhlelo lokugoma oluphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, kusenengozi encane kulabo abangagonywanga kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Uyazi, isikhathi esiningi, noma ngabe leli gciwane le-Poliovirus lingena emzimbeni, abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu zalesi sifo . Abazi nokuthi batheleleke ngaleli gciwane.

Kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane, njengomkhuhlane noma i-flu. Ngakho-ke abacabangi nokuthi kungaba yi-polio. Lezi yizimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuphezulu (kuzwakala njengomkhuhlane)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Imfiva
• Uhudo
• Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ngokuvamile, umzimba uzizwa ungenampilo futhi ucasukile.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi leli gciwane lithinte ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Uma kwenzeka, lingabangela izimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

1. I-Meningitis

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi igciwane le-polio lithelela ulwelwesi oluvikelayo (olubizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges) oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Bese kuthi,

• Ikhanda lami libuhlungu kakhulu.
• Intamo iba lukhuni futhi kube nzima ukuyijika.
• Kunzima ukubheka ukukhanya, amehlo ayabuhlungu (ukuzwela ukukhanya).

2. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka

Lena yingxenye eyingozi kakhulu ye-polio. Igciwane lingabhubhisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa alawula imisipha yethu. Uma lokho kwenzeka,

• Okokuqala imisipha iqala ukuqaqamba, bese iba buthakathaka.
• Ekugcineni, leyo misipha iyayeka ukusebenza.
• Uma umuntu engakwazi ukusebenzisa imisipha yakhe, umzimba wakhe uyafa futhi akakwazi ngisho nokunyakaza. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ' Ukukhubazeka '.
• Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, ikakhulukazi uma kuthinta imisipha esiza ekuphefumuleni. Umuntu akakwazi ukuphefumula yedwa.

Ingabe i-polio iyisifo esithathelwanayo? Idluliselwa kanjani?

Yebo, i-polio iyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu. Leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni ngomlomo. Libe selikhula emphinjeni nasemathunjini. Libe selidluliselwa kwabanye. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokudlulisela: ngamathe nangendle.

Cabanga ukuthi umuntu angayithola kanjani le gciwane:

• Uma uthintana ngqo nendle yomuntu ogulayo, noma uma uthinta into engcoliswe yindle (isibonelo, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho kahle).
• Uma umuntu ogulayo ekhwehlela noma ethimula eduze kwakho, kulungile.
• Uma udla ukudla noma isiphuzo esinegciwane. Lokhu kungenzeka uma udla epuletini elifanayo noma usebenzisa isipuni esifanayo nomuntu ogulayo. Kungenzeka futhi uma amanzi angcolile (isibonelo, amanzi axutshwe nendle) engezwa ekudleni noma esiphuzweni.

Igciwane lingahlala emphinjeni womuntu onegciwane isonto eli-1-2. Lingahlala endle amasonto ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngisho nomuntu ongenazo izimpawu angalidlulisela kwabanye igciwane.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-polio?

Ngokudabukisayo, alikho ikhambi le-polio okwamanje. Okungenziwa nje ukulawula izimpawu.

• Kulabo abanezimpawu ezincane nezincane, bavame ukunikezwa uketshezi oluningi ukuze baphuze futhi batshelwe ukuthi balale embhedeni.
• Uma imisipha ibuhlungu noma ibuthakathaka, kunikezwa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kwenziwa futhi ukuze kugcinwe imisipha isebenza.
• Uma imisipha ekusiza ukuphefumula ithintekile, ungase udinge usizo lwe-"mechanical ventilator." Lo mshini uphefumula umoya ungene futhi uphume emaphashini kuze kube yilapho umuntu esekwazi ukuphefumula yedwa.

Kuyohlala isikhathi esingakanani lokhu kugula? Ingabe kuzoba nezinkinga ngisho nangemva kokululama?

Ngokuvamile, abantu abanezimpawu ezincane ze-polio balulama ngokuphelele phakathi nesonto eli-1-2.

Kodwa-ke, kulabo abanezimpawu ezinzima, bangase babe buthakathaka bemisipha noma bakhubazeke impilo yabo yonke. Abanye abantu bangase bafe ngisho nokufa.

Ngisho nangemva kokululama, kungavela enye inkinga. Okungukuthi, 'i-Post-polio syndrome'. Lokhu kuyinto engabonakala ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-30-40 ngemva kokugula kokuqala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu kanye nobuthakathaka emisipheni noma emalungeni abo. Bangase futhi bazizwe bekhathele kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ingabe i-polio ingavinjelwa?

Yebo! Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi yisifo esingavinjelwa.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izingane kulokhu ukubanika umuthi wokugomela i-Polio ngesikhathi esifanele. Lo muthi wokugomela usiza amasosha omzimba ethu, alwa nezifo, ukuthi enze 'ama-antibodies' ngokumelene naleli gciwane. Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni, lawo 'ma-antibodies' azolwa nalo futhi asivikele.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi yokugoma ezikhona?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokugoma ezixoxwa ngazo ngokuyinhloko.

1. Umuthi Wokugomela I-Poliovirus Ongasebenzi (i-IPV)

• Emazweni afana neMelika, kanye naseSri Lanka, sisebenzisa lo muthi wokugomela i-IPV.
• Lokhu kunikezwa izingane ezinyangeni ezimbili, izinyanga ezine, izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-18, kanye neminyaka emi-4 kuya kweyisithupha.
• Lo mjovo uqukethe igciwane elingasebenzi, noma elibulewe. Ngakho-ke, alikho nhlobo ithuba lokuthola i-polio kulo mjovo.

2. Umuthi Wokugomela Uvendle Omlomo (i-OPV)

• Kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, izingane zinikezwa lo muthi wokugomela i-'OPV'. Lo muthi wokugomela owuketshezi onikezwa ngomlomo.
• Leli yigciwane elibuthakathaka kodwa elisakwazi ukusinda.
• Lo muthi wokugoma ushibhile kune-IPV, futhi kulula ukuwunika abantu abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengoba ungewona umjovo, awudingi isisebenzi sezempilo esiqeqeshiwe ukuwunikeza.
• Leli gciwane elibuthakathaka lingaba khona ematheni nasendle yomuntu othole umuthi wokugomela i-OPV. Ngakho-ke, lingadluliselwa kwabanye, njengegciwane langempela. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umuntu ongazange awuthole umuthi wokugomela angathola leli gciwane elibuthakathaka, futhi amasosha omzimba akhe angavuselelwa futhi akhiqize ama-antibodies. Lokho kusho ukuthi, noma engawutholi umuthi wokugomela ngqo, uzothola nokuzivikela komzimba.
• Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi umuthi wokugomela i-OPV ungabangela i-polio. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi uqukethe igciwane elibuthakathaka kodwa elisasebenza. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kuphela uma leli gciwane elibuthakathaka selisakazeke emphakathini isikhathi eside futhi libe nethuba lokuba namandla, okungukuthi, 'lokuguquka'. Yingakho amazwe afana ne-United States engasasebenzisi i-OPV.
• Imithamo ye-'OPV' enikezwe ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli 2016 ingabalwa ngokwesidingo sokugomela i-Polio e-United States. Leyo enikezwa ngemva kwalokho ayibalwa. ESri Lanka, okwamanje sisebenzisa umuthi wokugomela i-'IPV'.

Yini enye okudingeka siyazi?

I-World Health Organization isebenza kanzima ukuqeda i-polio emhlabeni. Ithole imiphumela eminingi ephumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, i-polio isatholakala emazweni ambalwa.

Futhi, ngisho nasemazweni lapho i-polio ingasabalali khona kakhulu, uma umuntu ongagonyiwe ehlangana nomuntu ogonywe nge-OPV, angathola lesi sifo. Angabe esesabalalisa igciwane kwabanye. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza izingane zonke izilinganiso ezinconywayo zomuthi wokugomela i-polio.

Njengoba iningi lethu abantu abadala eSri Lanka sithole lo muthi wokugomela siseyizingane, asidingi ukuthola omunye umuthi wokugomela. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abadala abasengozini yokuchayeka ku-polio bangase batuswe ukuthi bathole 'umthamo wokuqinisa' kanye kuphela. Ubani osengozini?

• Kulabo abaya endaweni enobungozi obukhulu bokusabalala kwepholiyo (isib., kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika nase-Asia).
• Kulabo abasebenza emalabhorethri anamagciwane e-polio.
• Kulabo abasebenza kwezempilo abaneziguli ezine-polio, noma nabantu ababuyile ezindaweni ezigcwele i-polio.
• Uma kukhona isiguli esine-polio ekhaya, noma kulabo abasondelene kakhulu nengane ethole umuthi wokugomela i-OPV, noma esezowuthola.

Uma uhamba ngaphandle kweSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika noma e-Asia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wena nezingane zakho nithole yonke imijovo ye-polio edingekayo.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wathola umuthi wokugomela i-polio useyingane, noma uma unemibuzo mayelana nalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule kulokhu?

Uvendle luyisifo esibi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi esisongela ukuphila. Ngenhlanhla, singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugoma.

Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola yonke imijovo ye-polio ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ikusasa layo.

Uma uhlela ukuya phesheya, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho i-polio iyingozi khona, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha mayelana nesimo sakho nesomndeni wakho sokugonywa. Uma unokungabaza, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi. Ukuhlala uphilile kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

Uvendle , igciwane le-Poliovirus, umjovo, ukukhubazeka, impilo yabantwana, izifo ezithelelanayo