Ake sifunde konke mayelana nokufakelwa kwamaseli e-Stem ngendlela elula.

Cishe uke wezwa ngokufakelwa amaseli e-stem. Empeleni kuyindlela yokwelapha ewusizo kakhulu, esindisa impilo kwezinye izifo. Kodwa kuthatha isikhathi ukululama ngokuphelele. Ingabe singakhuluma ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, njengoba sikhuluma nomngane?

Ayini Amaseli Esiqu?

Kalula nje, amaseli e-stem ayihlobo olukhethekile kakhulu lweseli emzimbeni wethu. Lawa maseli anekhono elimangalisayo lokukhula abe izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamaseli. Amaseli e-stem esikhuluma ngawo kulokhu kufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem yiwo adala amaseli abalulekile egazini lethu. Okungukuthi:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu: Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Lawa maseli asivikela ngokulwa namagciwane nezifo ezingena emizimbeni yethu.
• Ama-Platelet: Lawa yiwo asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi uma kukhona ukulimala.

Cabanga ngakho njengoba la maseli okuqala efana nesigaxa sobumba esingenziwa noma yini. Kuye ngesidingo, singasetshenziswa ukwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma ama-platelet.

Kungani kwenziwa lokhu kufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem?

Manje, ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem kungasiza kuziphi izimo. Lokhu akuyona into eyenziwa kuzo zonke izifo, kodwa kwezinye izimo ezinzima, lesi yisisombululo esingcono kakhulu.

• Kubantu abanezifo ezingathi sína ezihlobene negazi: Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia, ezenzeka lapho umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kahle.
• Kubantu abanezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza: Umdlavuza ofana ne-Lymphoma noma i-Multiple Myeloma.
• Kulabo abanesifo sokuntuleka okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba: Amasosha abo omzimba abuthakathaka kangangokuthi imizimba yabo ayikwazi ukulwa nezifo.
• Kubantu abanezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba: Isibonelo, ezifweni ezifana ne-lupus, lapho amangqamuzana omzimba ehlasela umzimba.
• Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu nakwezinye izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengefa: i-Thalassemia noma i-Sickle Cell Disease.

Siwatholaphi la ma-stem cell?

Kulungile, manje cishe uyazibuza ukuthi siwatholaphi la maseli ayigugu. Kunezindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko lapho odokotela bangathola khona la maseli:

1. I-Bone Marrow: Lena yindlela ethandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'Ukufakelwa I-Bone Marrow'. I-Bone Marrow yingxenye ethambile, ethambile engaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu. Yilapho kwakheka khona amangqamuzana egazi.

2. Ngokusebenzisa i-Bloodstream: Ngokunikeza imithi ekhethekile, amaseli okuqala avela emnkantsheni angakhishwa aye egazini, bese lawa maseli angaqoqwa ngomshini ofana nokunikelwa kwegazi okuvamile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi iqoqo le-Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC).

3.Igazi Lentambo Yesibeletho: Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, lapho intambo yesisu isuswa, igazi elisele liqukethe la maseli abalulekile. Lawa angaqoqwa futhi asetshenziswe ngumuntu odinga usizo.

Ngale ndlela, sibiza umuntu onikeza amaseli esiqu ngokuthi 'umnikeli' . Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kwezinye izifo, umuntu onesifo angaba ngumnikeli wakhe. Okusho ukuthi, amaseli akhe esiqu athathwa ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuqale, aqandiswe, bese etshalwa kabusha kuye uma kudingeka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Autologous Transplant' .

Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, omunye umuntu unikela ngala maseli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Allogeneic Transplant' . Uma amaseli okuqala ethathwa komunye umuntu, ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zalawo maseli, ikakhulukazi izimpawu ze-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen), kumele kufane kakhulu. Kalula nje, wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu anekhadi elincane le-ID. Lawa makhadi amabili e-ID kumele afane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho umzimba ngeke uwamukele amaseli amasha. Ngokuvamile, umfowabo womntwana ufanelana kahle kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukufana kungatholakala kumzali noma kumnikeli ongahlobene. Kunezizindalwazi ezinkulu (amarejista) zalokhu ukuthola abanikeli abahambisanayo.

Kwenzekani uma umuntu onikelayo ofanayo engatholakali?

Cabanga nje, uma ama-stem cell avela kumnikeli engafanelani ncamashi (ngezinye izikhathi noma ngabe afanelana kahle, lezi zinkinga zingavela ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane), kungavela izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu:

1. Ukwenqatshwa: Yilapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sesiguli sihlasela amangqamuzana anikelayo asanda kutshalwa. Sicabanga ukuthi, "Lawa akuwona amangqamuzana ethu, afana nabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe," bese sizama ukuwabhubhisa. Lokhu kuvinjelwa ngemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.

2. Isifo Sokufakelwa Kwegazi (GVHD): Lokhu kuphambene nalokho. Amaseli omzimba asanda kutshalwa (ikakhulukazi ama-T-lymphocyte) aqala ukuhlasela amaseli aphilile emzimbeni wesiguli, ecabanga ukuthi, "Lo mzimba awusiwo owethu." Lokhu kungathinta izindawo ezifana nesikhumba, isibindi, namathumbu. Kukhona nemithi yokulawula lokhu.

Kwenzeka kanjani le nqubo yokufakelwa kwe-stem cell?

Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi le nqubo yokufakelwa inzalo isebenza kanjani. Kuyinqubo enezinyathelo eziningi.

1. Ukulungiselela:

Ngaphambi kokufakelwa i-stem cell, odokotela bazofaka into ebizwa ngokuthi 'umugqa ophakathi', noma 'i-central venous catheter' . Lokhu kufana nomugqa omkhulu, okhethekile we-IV (intravenous). Ufakwa emthanjeni omkhulu eduze kwenhliziyo, ngaphansi kwesikhumba entanyeni, esifubeni, noma embotsheni. Lo mugqa ophakathi ungashiywa endaweni isikhathi eside kune-IV evamile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kodokotela nabahlengikazi ukukunikeza umuthi, ukuthatha amasampula egazi, nokukunikeza amaseli atshaliwe. Awudingi ukuthola izinaliti njalo.

2. Ukwelashwa kokulungisa isimo:

Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem kwenziwa eyunithi ekhethekile esibhedlela. Okokuqala, umuntu ozokwamukela amaseli anikelayo (umamukeli) unikezwa imithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kanye/noma imisebe izinsuku eziningana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokulungisa isimo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Bulala amangqamuzana amabi nayingozi (isib. amangqamuzana omdlavuza, amangqamuzana omnkantsha angasebenzi kahle) abangela izifo.
• Yenza buthaka amasosha omzimba akhe ukuze amangqamuzana asanda kunikelwa akwazi ukutshalwa kahle ngaphandle kokulahlwa.

3. Ukufakelwa kwamaseli esiqu:

Ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa, ngemva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili zokuphumula, amaseli okuqala avela kumnikeli afakwa esigulini ngomugqa ophakathi (njengokunikeza igazi). Lena inqubo ethatha amahora amaningana. Lawa maseli ahamba egazini futhi ahlale emnkantsheni wamathambo, lapho aqala khona ukwenza amaseli egazi amasha, anempilo.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokufakelwa?

Ngemva kokuba umuntu ethole ukufakelwa i-stem cell, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba wakhe wakhe amangqamuzana amasha egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-2-4 ukuthi lawa maseli amasha aqale ukusebenza. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingozi yokutheleleka, ukopha, nezinye izinkinga iphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lamangqamuzana egazi liphansi kakhulu ngenkathi amangqamuzana egazi amadala ebhujiswa futhi kwenziwa amasha.

Iningi labantu lihlala ekamelweni elikhethekile esibhedlela amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu (noma ngaphezulu) ngemva kokufakelwa kwabo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha liqaphela kakhulu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa nsuku zonke ukuze kubonakale ukuthi amangqamuzana amasha egazi akhiqizwa yini kumaseli okuqala atshalwe kabusha.
• Imithi inikezwa ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kanye nesifo se-Graft-versus-Host (GVHD).
• Imithi efana nama-antibiotic, ama-antifungal, kanye nama-antiviral inikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
• Uma kudingeka, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi nama-platelet anikezwa ngaphandle (ukumpontshelwa igazi).
• Ihlola ukuthi izitho ezifana nesibindi nezinso zisebenza kahle yini.
• Noma yiziphi izinkinga ezifana nezilonda emlonyeni, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, izifo, ukopha, ukwenqatshwa, noma i-GVHD zelashwa ngokushesha.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi isiguli sithola ukudla okwanele. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuncelisa ngepayipi noma ukudla okunempilo okuphelele (i-TPN).
• Wonke umuntu oza esibhedlela uyahlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulandela imithetho yokuvimbela ukutheleleka. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
• Akekho onesifo (ngisho nomkhuhlane) ongeza ukuzobona isiguli.
• Wonke umuntu kufanele ageze izandla zakhe kahle ngaphambi kokungena ekamelweni.
• Wonke umuntu kumele agqoke imaski, amagilavu, kanye nengubo.

Abazali (uma beyingane) bangasiza kanjani?

Ngemva kokuba ingane ithole ukufakelwa i-stem cell,Kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12, noma ngaphezulu, ukuthi amasosha omzimba alulame ngokugcwele. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane kungaba nzima kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngisho nomkhuhlane ovamile ungaba yingozi. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukusiza ukuvikela ingane yakho ezifweni:

• Ingane yakho, amalungu omndeni, kanye nezivakashi (ezivunyelwe ukuvakasha) kufanele zigeze izandla zazo kahle futhi njalo ngensipho elwa namagciwane kanye/noma isihlanzi sezandla. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Ungalethi muntu ogulayo eduze kwengane.
• Geza ingane yakho nsuku zonke ngeshampu nensipho ethambile. Gcina isikhumba sihlanzekile.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo:
• Ingane ingaya nini esikoleni noma kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi (izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, amabhayisikobho, izitolo ezinkulu).
• Kunini lapho ingane kufanele igqoke khona imaski uma iphuma?
• Yikuphi ukudla okuhle ukuthi ingane ikudle nokuthi yikuphi ukudla okubi ukuthi ingane ikudle (isib. amasaladi aluhlaza, inyama engaphekiwe kahle kanye nenhlanzi).
• Ingabe ingane ingakwazi ukuba seduze nezilwane ezifuywayo bese izithinta?

Yini enye okudingeka siyazi?

Izingane eziningi (kanye nabantu abadala) ziyalulama ngemva kokufakelwa i-stem cell. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esichithwa esibhedlela kanye nesikhathi esichithwa silulama ekhaya kungaba yinselele kokubili isiguli kanye nomndeni waso, ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.

"Ungazami ukuhamba lolu hambo wedwa. Cela usizo."

Thola ukwesekwa kwamanye amalungu omndeni, abangani, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha, umeluleki, noma isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle. Unganakekela isiguli sakho (noma ingane, uma kuyingane) kuphela uma uzinakekela kahle.

Ukuze usize isiguli sakho silulame futhi sihlale siphilile, yenza lezi zinto:

• Gcina konke ukuvakashela udokotela okulandelayo futhi unikeze imithi yakho ngesikhathi.
• Sekela futhi ukhuthaze isiguli ngesikhathi sezinguquko zomzimba (isib., ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala, izinguquko zesikhumba) ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-chemotherapy kanye/noma imisebe.
• Basize babhekane nesizungu kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuhambisana nokuba kude nabangani nomndeni ngesikhathi sokululama kwabo. Banikeze amathuba okuxoxa, ngisho nangezingcingo zevidiyo.
• Buza isiguli ukuthi singathanda yini ukukhuluma nomeluleki noma isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle ukuze sisize ekubhekaneni nemizwa efana nokudabuka, ukwesaba, nentukuthelo engase ivele ngesikhathi sokululama.
• Siza isiguli (ikakhulukazi ingane) ukuthi siqalise inqubo elula yansuku zonke ehlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba okulula (uma kuvunyelwe udokotela), ukudla ngezikhathi ezivamile, kanye nemisebenzi esiyithandayo, njengokudlala, ukufunda nokudweba.

Kunini lapho sidinga ukubona udokotela maduze?

Kunezingozi ezithile uma ubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokufakelwa kwakho. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo:Udinga ukushayela udokotela ucingo ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulibala ngisho nomzuzu, kungenjalo udinga ukuyiswa esibhedlela:

• Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-38.0°C (100.4°F) noma ngaphezulu uma ubheka ngomlomo (lesi yisibonakaliso esiyingozi kakhulu).
• Uma unekhala eligobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, ukuqina kwesifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Uma ukuhlanza noma uhudo kuqhubeka.
• Uma uphuma indle emnyama, uphuma indle (indle) (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha emathunjini).
• Uma uphuka kalula noma uphuma igazi ngendlela enganqandeki (isib. kusuka ekhaleni noma ezinsinini).
• Uma kukhona igazi emchameni, noma uma umbala womchamo ushintshile.
• Uma unekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi, noma umbono ofiphele.
• Kulungile ukukhwehlela igazi, kodwa uma ungakwazi ukulawula ukopha ekhaleni ngemizuzu embalwa,
• Uma kuvela into entsha emzimbeni, njengokuqubuka.

Okokugcina, ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa i-stem cell kungaba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu nokushintsha impilo kwezinye izifo ezinkulu. Kodwa kuyinqubo enkulu, futhi ukululama kuthatha isikhathi, isineke, nokuzinikela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo, ukunikeza isiguli (uma kuyingane, ingane) uthando, uthando, kanye nokusekelwa okungapheli, futhi ikakhulukazi sivikeleke ezifweni.

Khumbula, wena nesiguli sakho aninodwa kulolu hambo oluyinselele! Ithimba lezokwelapha, umndeni, nabangani bonke banani. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuncane kangakanani, ungesabi ukubuza ithimba lezokwelapha. Bakhona ukukusiza.

Ukufakelwa Kweseli Lesitembu , Ukufakelwa Kweseli Lesitembu, ukufakelwa komnkantsha, izifo zegazi, umdlavuza, amasosha omzimba, impilo yezingane, Ulwazi lwezokwelapha lwesiSinhala, ukufakelwa komnkantsha