Inhliziyo ingenye yezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ifana nenjini yemoto, akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi le nhliziyo ayiyodwa, futhi inesembozo esikhethekile sokuvikela, noma kunalokho, isikhwama, esiyizungezile? Namuhla sikhuluma ngalo mvikeli wenhliziyo yethu, noma lokho okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-pericardium.
Kalula nje, iyini i-pericardium?
I-pericardium iyisikhwama esivikelayo nesigcwele uketshezi esizungeze inhliziyo yakho. Sisiza inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kahle. Lesi sikhwama asimbozi inhliziyo kuphela, kodwa futhi simboza nemithambo yegazi emikhulu (ebizwa nangokuthi "imithambo emikhulu") eholela enhliziyweni.
Lokho kusho ukuthi imithambo eyinhloko inje:
- I-Aorta
- Umthambo oyinhloko wamaphaphu
- Imithambo yamaphaphu
- I-vena cava ephezulu nephansi
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yenhliziyo?
Cabanga nje ukuthi lesi sikhwama esincane singasebenza kangakanani. Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi yaso eyinhloko:
- Ukuvikela inhliziyo: Lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo esivikela inhliziyo ekushaqekeni nasekushayweni kwangaphandle, noma ngabe siwe noma sishayeke esifubeni ndawana thize.
- Ukugcina inhliziyo isendaweni eyodwa: Lokhu kusiza ukugcina inhliziyo isendaweni yayo efanele ngaphakathi esifubeni, ngaphandle kokuthi ihambehamba.
- Ukuvimba inhliziyo ukuthi ingabi nkulu kakhulu: Uma inhliziyo igcwele igazi, lesi simbozo silawula inhliziyo ukuthi ingabi nokuvuvukala kakhulu futhi siyigcwalise ngegazi eliningi kakhulu.
- Ukuvikela izifo: Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izifo ukuthi zingasabalali ziye enhliziyweni zivela ezicutshini ezizungezile, isibonelo, emaphashini.
- Ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana: Kuhlinzeka ngokugcoba ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana okwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ishaya izicubu ezizungezile.
Ikuphi le nhliziyo?
I-pericardium itholakala esifubeni sethu, izungeze inhliziyo. Uyazi, inhliziyo itholakala ngaphambili kwesifuba, kancane ngakwesobunxele sethambo eliphakathi (sternum). Kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, izinhliziyo zabanye abantu zitholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla, esilubiza ngokuthi ``dextrocardia''. Kumuntu onjalo, i-pericardium nayo itholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla.
Ake sifunde ngezingqimba ze-pericardium.
Lesi sikhwama esibizwa ngokuthi i-pericardium sakhiwe ngezingqimba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa masikuqonde kalula.
| Isendlalelo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-pericardium enezintambo | Lolu ungqimba oluqine kakhulu, olungaphandle kakhulu lwe-pericardium. Lwakhiwe ngezicubu ezixhumanisayo. Lolu ungqimba luvimbela inhliziyo ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu. Lunamathele emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu engaphezulu kwenhliziyo kanye ne-diaphragm engezansi. |
| I-pericardium ye-serous | Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Kodwa empeleni lwakhiwe ngezinye izingqimba ezimbili . Lolu ngqimba lukhiqiza uketshezi oluthambisa inhliziyo lapho ishaya, olubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-pericardial. |
| Izendlalelo ezimbili ze-serous pericardium | |
| Isendlalelo se-parietal | Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwe-pericardium. Lunamathele ngokuqinile ku-pericardium enemicu engenhla kwalo. |
| Isendlalelo se-visceral | Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu lwe-pericardium. Lunamathele ngokuqinile enhliziyweni nasezimpandeni zemithambo yegazi emikhulu. Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi i-epicardium . |
Isikhala esincane esingenalutho phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili ze-pericardium (eceleni kanye ne-intercostal) yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-pericardial cavity . Into yokugcoba okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili, okungukuthi, i-pericardial fluid, ingaphakathi kwale cavity.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta inhliziyo?
Njengenhliziyo, le valve yenhliziyo ingathinteka yizimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zazo:
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Pericarditis | Ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwe-pericardium. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo (okubukhali) noma isikhathi eside (okungamahlalakhona). |
| I-pericarditis evimbayo | Isimo lapho i-pericardium iba nkulu futhi iqine, okuvimbela inhliziyo ukuthi ingakwazi ukupompa kahle. |
| Ukuphuma kwegazi enhliziyweni | Inani loketshezi ngaphakathi kwesikhwama se-pericardial liphakeme kakhulu kunokuvamile. |
| I-tamponade yenhliziyo | Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu . Isikhwama se-pericardial sigcwala uketshezi, okufaka ingcindezi enhliziyweni ngaphandle. Lokhu kuvimbela inhliziyo ukuthi igcwale igazi kahle. |
| Ama-cyst e-Pericardial | Izinto ezifana nezimila ezakheka ku-pericardium. Lezi ngezinye izikhathi zingase zingabangeli izinkinga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula futhi zibeke ingcindezi enhliziyweni noma emaphashini. |
Kwenzekani uma i-pericardium yonakele?
Ngokuvamile, i-pericardium iyaguquguquka futhi iyanwebeka, ngakho ingakhula njengoba inhliziyo igcwala igazi futhi incipha njengoba ipompa igazi.
Kodwa uma isifo sithinta inhliziyo, ilahlekelwa yilokhu kuguquguquka. Khona-ke inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa kahle njengoba kufanele. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa inani legazi elidingwa umzimba. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni eziyingozi njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nokushaqeka kwenhliziyo .
Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo?
Nakuba izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo esiyisisekelo, nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Lokhu kungaba ubuhlungu obuhlabayo nobubukhali. Bungase busakazeke engalweni, emhlane, noma entanyeni. Kungaba kubi nakakhulu uma ukhwehlela, ugwinya, uphefumula kakhulu, noma ugoba.
- Isiyezi noma ukuba nekhanda elibuthakathaka.
- Ukukhwehlela okomile.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (i-tachycardia) noma umuzwa ongavamile wokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala).
- Imfiva.
- Ubuhlungu emhlane, entanyeni, noma ehlombe.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
- Ukuvuvukala esiswini noma emilenzeni (i-edema).
- Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia).
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale izinkinga ezinjalo?
Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho enezimpawu ezinjengalezi, angase enze ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu ukuze athole ngokunembile isimo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izifo, izifo zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala.
- I-X-Ray Yesifuba
- I-CT scan yenhliziyo (i-CT scan)
- I-Echocardiogram (I-Echocardiogram - i-echo): Ukuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
- Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo kwesobunxele nakwesokudla
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo semithambo yenhliziyo?
Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho kanye nobunzima baso. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngenketho yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu kuwe. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
- Ama-antibiotic noma imithi yokukhunta: Uma imbangela yesifo senhliziyo kungukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngesikhunta.
- Imithi ye-rheumatologic: Uma imbangela yalesi sifo kuyisimo sezokwelapha njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis.
- Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala: Yehlisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
- I-Diuretics: Imithi enikezwa ukususa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni.
- I-Pericardiocentesis: Ukususwa koketshezi oluningi oluqongelelene esikhwameni se-pericardial kusetshenziswa inaliti.
- Ukususwa kwe-pericardium ngokuhlinzwa: Ukususwa kwengxenye noma yonke i-pericardium ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba okusizwa ngevidiyo (i-VAT): Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane ukuze kususwe uketshezi oluningi.
Ngingayigcina kanjani inhliziyo yami iphilile?
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo nazo zingabangela izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa leyo ngozi kungasiza ukugcina i-valve yenhliziyo yakho iphilile.
Lezi zinto zibalulekile endleleni yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo:
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Phatha izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nesifo sikashukela.
- Sebenzisa imithi oyinikezwe njengoba nje uyalelwe.
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha minyaka yonke.
Futhi, uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengomdlavuza, i-lupus, noma i-HIV, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi zingase zithinte kanjani inhliziyo yakho. Okunye ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kungabangela izinkinga zenhliziyo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalokho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-pericardium iyisikhwama esibalulekile esizungeza inhliziyo yakho, siyivikele, futhi sisize ukuthi isebenze kahle.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba obubukhali obuba bubi kakhulu lapho ugoba, uphefumula, noma ukhwehlela kungaba uphawu olubalulekile lwesifo esihlobene nalesi.
- Ezinye izimo ezithinta inhliziyo, njenge-cardiac tamponade, zingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungazinaki izimpawu.
- Ukugcina impilo yenhliziyo yakho iyonke kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko.
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