Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu ezingavamile? Ake sixoxe nge-Plasmacytoma

Ubuhlungu obungachazeki ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zamathambo ezingacabangeki, noma ukungajwayelekile kwezicubu ezithambile ezindaweni ezifana nentamo nekhanda... Lezi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yizinto esingazinaki kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, lezi zingase zibe izimpawu zesimo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Plasmacytoma. Ungakhathazeki, lesi akusona isifo esithinta abantu abaningi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini le plasmacytoma? Masiyiqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-Plasmacytoma iyisimo esifana ne-Multiple Myeloma, kodwa ayivamile kakhulu. Sonke sinohlobo lweseli emizimbeni yethu olubizwa ngamaseli e-Plasma . Abanye abantu babiza lawa maseli e-B. Lawa ayingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Amaseli e-Plasma anempilo akhiqiza ama-antibodies, noma ama-immunoglobulins, asiza imizimba yethu ukulwa nezifo.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi la maseli e-plasma aphilile aba angajwayelekile futhi aqale ukuhlukana nokwanda ngokushesha okukhulu. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile abe eseqoqana futhi akhe amathumba. Lawa mathumba angakheka emathanjeni ethu, ezicutshini ezithambile zekhanda nentamo, noma kunoma yisiphi isitho, njengesinyi, amaphaphu, noma izinso.

I-Plasmacytoma ithinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Njengoba sesike sakhuluma ngakho ngaphambili, le nkinga iqala lapho amangqamuzana e-plasma aphilile eba angajwayelekile. Lawa maseli e-plasma angajwayelekile ayanda futhi enze uhlobo olungavamile lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni e-M . Lapho lawa maprotheni e-M ekhula, inani lamangqamuzana e-plasma angempela, anempilo empeleni asivikela ezifweni liyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba angaba buthaka.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-plasmacytoma, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ezithintayo:

1. I-Plasmacytoma Yodwa Yethambo (i-SPB): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana e-plasma angajwayelekile akha isimila ethanjeni elilodwa emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngakho njenge-vertebra eyodwa nje emgogodleni wakho, noma indawo eyodwa nje ethangeni lakho. Le SPB ingabangela ukulimala kwamathambo nobuhlungu. Cishe abantu abangu-50% abane-SPB bazogcina benesifo se-myeloma eminingi.

2. I-Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP): Ku-EMP, isimila esisodwa esakhiwe ngamaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile sithinta izicubu ezithambile . Izicubu ezithambile yizicubu ezizungezile, ezixhumanisa, futhi ezisekela izitho namathambo ethu. Isibonelo, lokhu kufaka phakathi imisipha yethu, imisipha, isikhumba, amafutha, kanye ne-fascia. I-EMP ingavela kunoma yisiphi izicubu ezithambile emzimbeni, kodwa ivame kakhulu endaweni yokuphefumula ephezulu.Okusho ukuthi, ezindaweni ezifana nomgodi wamakhala, ama-sinuses, ama-nasopharynx, kanye ne-larynx. Kodwa kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isitho. Cishe abantu abayi-15% abane-EMP bangase babe ne-multiple myeloma kamuva.

Ubani othola le plasmacytoma? Ivame kangakanani?

I-plasmacytoma ivame ukubonakala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-55 no-60. Kutholakale nokuthi amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo kunabesifazane.

I-Plasmacytoma empeleni iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Odokotela baxilonga kuphela amacala amasha angaba ngu-450 e-SPB kanye namacala amasha angaba ngu-300 e-EMP njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu asebene-multiple myeloma isikhathi eside nabo bangathuthukisa i-plasmacytoma.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-SPB?

I-Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone (SPB) yisifo samathambo esibonakala ngobuhlungu bamathambo noma ukuphuka kwamathambo . Isibonelo, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu bomhlane ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, noma ubuhlungu bembambo. Ezinye izimpawu ze-SPB zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukwaphuka ezindaweni ezifana nezimbambo zakho, amathambo esifubeni, i-femur, kanye ne-pelvis .
• Ukuqhekeka komgogodla okucindezelwe . Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo emgogodleni wakho noma ezimpandeni zemizwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuhlabayo obuhamba emilenzeni yakho bungene emhlane wakho.
• Akuvamile ukuthi uma i-SPB ithinta ugebhezi, ingabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, kanye nezinkinga zokubona .

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izimpawu ze-EMP?

Izimpawu ze-Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) zenzeka lapho isimila sicindezela izicubu ezithambile, okubangela ubuhlungu nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza komzimba.

Isibonelo, uma une-EMP ngaphakathi kwempumulo yakho, ungase uzizwe sengathi kukhona okubhajwe ekhaleni lakho, futhi kungaba nzima ukuphefumula ngekhala lakho. Nakuba ama-EMP angavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, u-80% kuya ku-90% wamacala ayenzeka endaweni yekhanda nentamo. Izimpawu ezivamile zama-EMP zifaka:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuphuma kwempumulo
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukutheleleka (i-Pharyngitis)
• Ukopha Kwekhala (i-Epistaxis)

Akuvamile, uma i-EMP ithinta i-larynx yakho (ibhokisi lezwi), ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukusha kwezwi
• Umgudu womoya ovinjiwe
• Ukuphefumula

Okubalulekile:Lezi zimpawu ze-plasmacytoma zivame ukufana nezezinye izifo ezingatheni kangako. Ngakho-ke ungesabi uma ubona into efana nale. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Kungani kwakheka le plasmacytoma? Iyini imbangela?

Eqinisweni, manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-plasmacytoma ibangelwa amangqamuzana e-plasma aphilile aphenduka amangqamuzana angajwayelekile futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lolu shintsho. Okusho ukuthi, akukho sizathu esithile esitholakele.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-Plasmacytoma?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole izinhlobo ze-plasmacytoma, futhi uma zikhona, ukuze bathole isigaba se-EMP.

Nazi ezinye zalezo zivivinyo:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nekhompyutha ukudala isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) sezicubu zakho ezithambile namathambo. Odokotela basebenzisa i-CT scans ukubheka umonakalo wamathambo obangelwa yi-plasmacytomas.
• I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - I-MRI): Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane yomzimba wakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebe. I-MRI ingasiza ekuhloleni umonakalo wezicubu ezithambile obangelwa yi-EMP.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukukala amazinga alawo maprotheni e-M esikhulume ngawo.
• I-endoscopy yekhala: Uma kusolwa isimo se-EMP, le nqubo ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola imihubhe nama-sinuses ngaphakathi kwekhala. Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elinekhamera encane ngaphakathi kwekhala.
• I-biopsy yenaliti encane: Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ukuthola isampula yezicubu noketshezi oluvela ezicutshini ezithambile ezithintekile yi-EMP.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ukuze kuthathwe isampula yezicubu noma uketshezi ukuhlola amaseli e-plasma. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini amaseli angajwayelekile.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-EMP?

Odokotela bacabangela izici ezilandelayo ukuze banqume isigaba se-Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP):

• Isigaba I: Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi kukhona isimila esisodwa endaweni eyodwa emzimbeni wakho.
• Isigaba II: Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi amaseli e-EMP akhona nasezinhlayiyeni zakho ze-lymph.
• Isigaba III: Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi kunesimila se-EMP esingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Plasmacytoma?

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi simo. Odokotela belapha i-solitative plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) ngokwelashwa ngemisebe.Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umuntu enalawo maprotheni angajwayelekile (ama-M protein) egazini noma emchameni wakhe futhi ene-plasmacytoma, odokotela bazosebenzisa nezindlela zokwelapha i-multiple myeloma.

I-Extraosseous plasmacytoma (EMP) ingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kanye/noma ngamakhemikhali noma nge-immunotherapy . Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-plasmacytoma kungavinjelwa?

Eqinisweni, njenge-multiple myeloma, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-plasmacytoma. Ngenxa yokuthi imbangela eqondile ayaziwa, kunzima ukusho ukuthi ingavinjelwa kanjani.

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ne-Plasmacytoma?

Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi. Cishe abantu abangu-60% abane-SPB basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Cishe abantu abangu-82% abane-EMP basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Lezi izibalo nje, lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Ngeshwa, i-plasmacytoma ingabuya ngezinye izikhathi, noma ikhule kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Futhi, abanye abantu abane-SPB noma i-EMP bangase babe ne-multiple myeloma kamuva. Lokhu kungathinta ukuthi baphila isikhathi esingakanani.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? Kufanele ngenzeni?

Ngenxa yokuthi isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-plasmacytoma singakhula sibe yi-multiple myeloma, uma une-plasmacytoma, uzodinga ukunakekelwa kokulandelela impilo yakho yonke ngisho nangemva kokuba ukwelashwa sekuqediwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Lokhu kunakekelwa kokulandelela kuvame ukufaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe (njenge-CT ne-MRI). Laba odokotela bazokuqapha izimpawu ze-multiple myeloma. Uma une-plasmacytoma, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi hlobo luni lokunakekelwa kokulandelela okufanele ululindele.

I-Plasmacytoma yisifo segazi esingavamile kakhulu esifana ne-multiple myeloma. Ngenhlanhla, odokotela bangakwazi ukwelapha ngempumelelo izimo eziningi ze-plasmacytoma, banciphise isimila futhi banciphise izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala une-plasmacytoma kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uphile nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha impilo yakho yonke. Akulula ukuphila nesifo esingapheli ngokuphelele. Uma uphila ne-plasmacytoma, buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela zokukusiza ukuthi ubhekane nalesi sifo esingamahlalakhona. Bazokujabulela ukukusiza.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngezinye zezinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Plasmacytoma yisifo esingavamile esibangelwa izimila ezikhula ngendlela engavamile ezivela kumaseli e-plasma .
• Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu: i-SPB, ethinta amathambo , kanye ne-EMP, ethinta izicubu ezithambile .
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubuhlungu bamathambo, ukuphuka kwamathambo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ikhala eligobhozayo, kanye nobunzima bokugwinya . Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, funa iseluleko sikadokotela.
• Imbangela ethile yalokhu ayikatholakali okwamanje , ngakho-ke ayikho indlela yokukuvimbela.
• Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye ne-immunotherapy .
• Ukulandelela impilo yonke ngemva kokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kungakhula kube yi-multiple myeloma noma kubuye.
• Ukuphila nalesi simo kungaba yinselele. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola ukwesekwa okudingayo.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

i- plasmacytoma, umdlavuza, isifo segazi, umdlavuza wamathambo, umdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile, i-multiple myeloma