Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-pneumonia. Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Uma uzwa igama elithi i-pneumonia, cishe uyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Kuvamile ukwesaba kancane uma uzwa izinto ezinjengalezi: uketshezi esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula . Kodwa namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula nangendlela enesizotha ngokuthi iyini ngempela i-pneumonia, ukuthi kungani isenzeka, ukuthi ungayigwema kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma isenzeka.

Kuyini i-pneumonia?

Kalula nje, i-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu akho. Kungabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ngezinye izikhathi isikhunta. Lokhu kutheleleka kubangela ukuthi izicubu zamaphaphu akho zivuvuke, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala . Amaphaphu angabe esegcwala uketshezi, njengamanzi , noma ubomvu.

ukuvuvukala

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukuba nzima kakhulu kune-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane. I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukuzixazulula ngokwayo.

I-pneumonia ingathinta iphaphu elilodwa nje, noma ingathinta amaphaphu womabili. Uma ithinta amaphaphu womabili, siyibiza ngokuthi i-bilateral noma i-double pneumonia .

I-pneumonia ikhula kanjani? Yiziphi izinhlobo zayo?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane kanye ne-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane?

Cabanga nje, yize i-pneumonia iyisifo esifanayo, izimpawu zingase zihluke kancane kuye ngembangela (amagciwane, igciwane, noma isikhunta).

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pneumonia, futhi ingaba nzima kakhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela. Odokotela banikeza ama-antibiotics kulokhu.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ibangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni eziningi, iyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia

I-pneumonia ihlukaniswa ngokwegciwane eliyibangele (okungukuthi igciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta) nokuthi uyithole kuphi, okungukuthi emphakathini, esibhedlela, noma ngomshini wokuphefumula.

I-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini (i-CAP)

Uma uthola i-pneumonia ngaphandle kwendawo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, njengasekhaya noma emsebenzini, ibizwa ngokuthi i-community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Lokhu kungabangelwa yi:

• Amabhaktheriya: Ibhaktheriya i-Streptococcus pneumoniae (eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo se-pneumococcal) iyimbangela eyinhloko ye-CAP. Leli bhaktheriya lingabangela nokutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwe-sinus , kanye ne-meningitis. I-Pneumonia ebangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ivame ukuba yingozi kakhulu. Amabhaktheriya i-Haemophilus influenzae, i-Chlamydia pneumoniae, kanye ne-Legionella (isifo se-Legionnaires) nawo abangela i-CAP.
• Amagciwane: Amagciwane afana nomkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, i-COVID -19 , kanye ne-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) ngezinye izikhathi angabangela i-pneumonia.
• Isikhunta/izikhunta: Isikhunta esifana ne-'Cryptococcus', 'i-Pneumocystis jirovecii' kanye ne-'Coccidioides' asivamile ukubangela i-pneumonia. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia ngenxa yesikhunta.
• I-Protozoa : Akuvamile kakhulu, i-protozoa efana ne-Toxoplasma nayo ingadala i-pneumonia.

I-pneumonia etholakale esibhedlela (HAP)

Uma uthola i-pneumonia ngenkathi usesibhedlela ngenxa yesinye isifo noma ukuhlinzwa, ibizwa ngokuthi i-hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Ingaba yingozi kakhulu kune-community-acquired pneumonia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ivame ukubangelwa amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, njenge-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-HAP ingakwenza ugule kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuba ngcono.

I-pneumonia ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo (HCAP)

Lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lungakhula ngenkathi uhlala esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, njengekhaya labagugile, noma ngesikhathi sokwelashwa isikhathi eside endaweni yokulaliswa esibhedlela. Njenge-pneumonia etholakala esibhedlela, ivame ukubangelwa amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic.

I-pneumonia ehlobene nokuphefumula (i-VAP)

Uma kufanele usebenzise umshini wokuphefumula noma umshini wokuphefumula ukuze ukusize uphefumule esibhedlela (ngokuvamile egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile - i-ICU), usengozini yokuthola i-VAP. Lokhu kungabangelwa amagciwane abangela i-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini, kanye namagciwane angamelani nemithi abangela i-pneumonia etholakala esibhedlela.

I-pneumonia yokuphefumula (i-pneumonia ebangelwa ukudla noma uketshezi olungena endleleni yokuphefumula)

Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Uma into efana nokudla, uketshezi, amathe, noma ukuhlanza kunyuka ngombhobho wakho womoya (umbhobho womoya) iye emaphashini akho, lokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-aspiration. Uma ungakwazi ukukhwehlela , kungabangela ukutheleleka emaphashini akho futhi kuholele ku-pneumonia.

Ingabe i-pneumonia, umkhuhlane, noma i-flu? Wazi kanjani ukuthi uqinisekile?

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumonia zingafana, okwenza kube nzima ukubona umehluko. Udokotela kuphela ongakutshela ngqo ukuthi isifo siyini. I-pneumonia ingaba yingozi empilweni , ngakho-ke kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula .
• Umkhuhlane ongama-degree Celsius angu-38.88 (102 Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi oluphuzi, oluluhlaza okotshani, noma olunegazi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia?

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu noma senhliziyo , njenge-cystic fibrosis, i-asthma, i-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona), i-emphysema, i-pulmonary fibrosis, noma i-sarcoidosis.
• Abantu abanezimo zezinzwa ezibangela ubunzima bokugwinya. Izimo ezifana ne-dementia, isifo sikaParkinson, kanye nesifo sohlangothi zisengozini enkulu yokuthola i-aspiration pneumonia.
• Abantu abasesibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.
• Abantu ababhemayo.
• Omama abakhulelwe.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka. Uma uphathwa ngamakhemikhali okwelapha umdlavuza, uke wafakelwa isitho somzimba, une-HIV/AIDS, noma uthatha imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela singase sibe buthaka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela. Izimpawu zingahluka kusukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Izimpawu zingahluka ezinsaneni, ezinganeni ezincane, nakubantu asebekhulile.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia yamagciwane

Izimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia zingavela kancane noma ngokuzumayo. Lezi yizimpawu eziyinhloko:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ungafinyelela kuma-degree Celsius angu-40.55 noma ama-degree Fahrenheit angu-105).
• Ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm ephuzi, eluhlaza, noma enegazi
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Ukujuluka noma ukuzizwa ubanda kanye nokuba nomkhuhlane (ukubanda).
• Ubuhlungu besifuba kanye/noma ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela noma uphefumula kakhulu.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• Ukudideka noma ushintsho esimweni sengqondo.

Izimpawu ze-Viral Pneumonia

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana neze-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, noma ungase ube nazo:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ezinganeni ezincane

Izinsana ezincane kakhulu kanye nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zingase zingabonisi izimpawu ze-pneumonia, noma izimpawu zazo zingase zihluke kwezabantu abadala. Bheka izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukungakhululeki okuvamile, ukujuluka/ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-tachypnea).
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukuntuleka kwamandla.
• Ukungahlaliseki noma ukukhala njalo.

Ungase ubone nalezi zimpawu ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane:

• Kuzwakala njengomsindo wokuhona uma uphefumula.
• Inani lokuchama liyancipha, noma inani lama-napkin amanzi liyancipha.
• Isikhumba siba mhlophe.
• Umzimba ulahlekelwa impilo yawo.
• Ukukhala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Uyenqaba ukuphuza ubisi/ukudla ukudla.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 noma labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane noma ezimbalwa ze-pneumonia (njengokukhwehlela nokuphelelwa umoya). Bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu zezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona. Abantu asebekhulile bangase babe nalokhu:

• Ushintsho oluzumayo esimweni sengqondo.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ngikhathele.

Yini ebangela i-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia yenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela ama-air sac amancane (ama-alveoli) emaphashini akho lapho kuvela ukutheleleka. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaphaphu avuvuke futhi avuza uketshezi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhaktheriya, amagciwane, kanye nesikhunta ezingabangela ukutheleleka okubangela i-pneumonia. Amagciwane ayimbangela eyinhloko ye-pneumonia kubantu abadala , kanti amagciwane ayimbangela eyinhloko ezinganeni zesikole . Nazi ezinye zezifo ezivamile ezingaholela ku-pneumonia:

• Umkhuhlane ovamile (i-rhinovirus)
• I-Covid-19 (`i-SARS-COV-2`)
• Igciwane lomkhuhlane
• I-metapneumovirus yabantu (`i-HMPV – i-metapneumovirus yabantu`)
• I-Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV)
• Isifo samaLegionnaire
• Ibhaktheriya ye-Mycoplasma pneumonia
• Isifo se-pneumococcal
• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV)

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathelelana?

Empeleni, i-pneumonia ngokwayo ayithelelani . Kodwa amabhaktheriya namagciwane ayibangela ayathelelana . Cabanga ngale ndlela: umkhuhlane yisifo esithelelana esingabangela i-pneumonia. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu othola umkhuhlane othola i-pneumonia.

Ibhaktheriya i-Streptococcus pneumoniae, evame ukubangela i-pneumonia, ingasakazeka isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye ngokuthinta izindawo ezinegciwane noma ngamaconsi akhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.

I-pneumonia yesikhunta ayithelelani. Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta akusabalaliswa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye njengegciwane noma amagciwane.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-pneumonia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze athole ukuthi une-pneumonia, udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bazolalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope, futhi bangenza nezinye izivivinyo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuthatha izithombe (njenge-X-ray yesifuba), i-pulse oximetry (ukuhlola izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho), ukuhlolwa kwegazi, noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela.

Okubalulekile: Ngisho noma udokotela eqinisekisa ukuthi une-pneumonia, ngezinye izikhathi bangase bangakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo zokuhlola amaphaphu akho ukuze abone izimpawu zokutheleleka, alinganise ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi ahlole igazi noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba ukuze athole imbangela ye-pneumonia yakho, njenge:

• Izithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ingenziwa ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lokutheleleka olubangela i-pneumonia yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela: Uzocelwa ukuba ukhwehlele bese ufaka isikhwehlela esitsheni. Sizothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu zokutheleleka nokuthi yini ebangela lokho.
• I-pulse oximetry: Inzwa isetshenziswa ukukala inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu kunganikeza udokotela wakho umbono wokuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukukhula koketshezi lwe-Pleural: Isampula yoketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu akho ithathwa kusetshenziswa inalithi encane bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuyobheka imbangela yokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi emthanjeni: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi esihlakaleni sakho, engalweni, noma esinqeni ukuze kulinganiswe izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angasebenzisa ithubhu elincane nelikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscope ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Bangase futhi bathathe amasampula ezicubu noma oketshezi ukuze bawahlole elabhorethri.

Iphathwa kanjani i-pneumonia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kuncike embangela (ibhaktheriya, igciwane, isikhunta) nokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani. Njengoba imbangela eqondile ivame ukungaziwa, ukwelashwa kuhloselwe ukulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela isimo sakho ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Kungase kube nokwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic anikezwa i-pneumonia yamagciwane. Awasebenzi ngokumelene namagciwane, kodwa udokotela angawanika uma unesifo samagciwane kanye negciwane.
• Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta: Le mithi inikezwa i-pneumonia ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwesikhunta.
• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa, futhi ingaphela yodwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ubude nobunzima besifo sakho uma unesifo esibangelwa yigciwane, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokulwa namagciwane efana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), i-zanamivir (Relenza®), noma i-peramivir (Rapivab®).
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma ungatholi i-oxygen eyanele, udokotela angakunika i-oxygen eyengeziwe ngepayipi elifakwe ekhaleni lakho noma ngemaski ebekwe ebusweni bakho.
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (uketshezi lwe-IV): Uketshezi olunikezwa ngqo emthanjeni (IV) lungavimbela noma lwelaphe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukususwa koketshezi: Uma unoketshezi oluningi phakathi kwamaphaphu akho nodonga lwesifuba (i-pleural effusion), udokotela angalususa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-catheter noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyaziphilisa ngokwayo?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ivame ukuphela ngokwayo, kodwa kufanele uhlale ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ukuze welaphe izimpawu futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu.

Izinto ongazenza ekhaya ukuze unciphise izimpawu ze-pneumonia

Lezi zinto zingakusiza uzizwe ungcono futhi uphathe izimpawu ze-pneumonia:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane: Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uthathe imithi efana ne-ibuprofen (Advil®) kanye ne-acetaminophen ( paracetamol (Panadol) ®) yokwelapha izinhlungu zomzimba kanye nomkhuhlane.
• Izithiyo zokukhwehlela: Buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha izithiyo zokukhwehlela ze-pneumonia, njengoba ukukhwehlela kubalulekile ekuhlanzeni amaphaphu.
• Ukwelashwa nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula: Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze lezi zindlela zokwelapha ukuze kukhululeke ulwelwesi futhi kube lula ukuphefumula.
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier:Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ugcine umshini wokufaka umswakama omncane eduze kombhede wakho noma ugeze ngamanzi anomusi. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uphefumule kalula.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa?

Ukuthi ululama ngokushesha kangakanani kuncike kulezi zinto:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Imbangela ye-pneumonia yakho.
• Ubunzima be-pneumonia.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezinye izimo zempilo noma izinkinga.

Uma uphilile ngokwejwayelekile, izimpawu ze-pneumonia yamagciwane kufanele ziqale ukuthuthuka zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa . Ungase uzizwe ungcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa kwe-pneumonia yamagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhwehlela nokukhathala, zingase zihlale amasonto amaningana.

Umuntu one-pneumonia angathelela abanye isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokululama?

Uma une-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, kubhekwa njengongasathelelani uma umkhuhlane wakho usuphelile futhi usuthathe ama-antibiotic okungenani izinsuku ezimbili . Uma une-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, usengathelelana kuze kube yilapho uzizwa ungcono futhi ungabi nomkhuhlane izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-pneumonia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ukugonyelwa amagciwane namagciwane avame ukuyibangela. Kukhona nemikhuba yezempilo ongayilandela nsuku zonke ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia.

Imithi yokugomela i-pneumonia

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokugoma evimbela i-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane e-pneumococcal. Njengomuthi wokugoma womkhuhlane, le mithi yokugoma ayivikeli kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-pneumonia. Kodwa uma ugula, cishe ngeke ibe yingozi.

• Imithi yokugomela i-pneumococcal: Imithi yokugomela ivikela amagciwane e-pneumonia. Le mithi inconywa amaqembu athile eminyaka kanye nabantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimuphi umuthi wokugomela ofanele wena noma abathandekayo bakho.
• Imithi yokugomela amagciwane: Njengoba amanye amagciwane engabangela i-pneumonia, ukugomela i-COVID-19 kanye ne-influenza (flu) kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia.
• Ukugoma kwabantwana: Uma unezingane, buza udokotela wazo ngeminye imijovo okufanele bayithole. Imijovo eminingana yabantwana isiza ekuvikeleni amagciwane namagciwane angabangela i-pneumonia.

Ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela e-pneumonia

Ngaphezu kokugonywa, le mikhuba yezempilo ingakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola nokusabalalisa i-pneumonia:

• Gwema ukubhema futhi ugweme ukuchayeka ekubhemeni intuthu evela komunye umuntu. Ukubhema konakalisa amaphaphu akho futhi kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Sebenzisa insipho noma isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Uma wena noma omunye umuntu enesifo esithelelanayo njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-COVID-19, gwema ukusondelana naye nokusebenzisa izinto zakhe.
• Uma kufanele uhlale esibhedlela noma kwesinye isikhungo sezempilo, ungesabi ukubuza odokotela bakho ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo, uvivinye umzimba, futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele.
• Thola ukwelashwa kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo noma izimo zempilo ongase ube nazo. Lezi zimo zingaba buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho futhi zandise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-pneumonia.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma kuvela i-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: I-pneumonia ingabangela ukwehluleka kokuphefumula noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `i-ARDS ​​(i-acute respiratory distress syndrome)`.
• Ukuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini (i-pleural effusion).
• Amabhaktheriya angena egazini (`bacteremia`) noma `sepsis`: Amabhaktheriya abangela i-pneumonia angangena egazini futhi asakaze ukutheleleka kwezinye izitho zomzimba, okubangela i-sepsis noma ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
• Ithumba lamaphaphu: I-pneumonia ingabangela imigodi egcwele ubomvu ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu.

Kunini lapho kudingeka ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

Uma une-pneumonia enzima noma izinkinga, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela uma:

• Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65.
• Uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka.
• Uma unezinkinga zempilo ezithinta inhliziyo namaphaphu.

Khumbula: Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kungathatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Izinto ongazenza ukuze uthole impumuzo uma une-pneumonia

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uzizwe ungcono uma une-pneumonia:

• Lawula izimpawu zakho njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje uyalelwe, isikhathi sonke . Ungayeki ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono. Wathathe uze uqede yonke imithi. Uma ungaqedi yonke imithi, i-pneumonia yakho ingase ibuye.
• Phuza imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane (njenge-aspirin, i-acetaminophen, i-ibuprofen, noma i-naproxen) njengoba kuqondiswe kwilebula. Ungalokothi unike izingane i-aspirin.
• Phumula kahle.

Uma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uzizwa sengathi ubuhlungu buya bukhula, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi i-pneumonia iyaphola?

Njengoba uqala ukululama e-pneumonia, umkhuhlane wakho uzoqala ubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzobona ukuthi i-phlegm yakho iyancipha. Ukuzizwa sengathi ungenza eminye yemisebenzi yakho evamile nakho kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi uyalulama.

Ngingaya nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni ngemva kokuba ne-pneumonia?

Uma izimpawu zakho seziphelile, ziba zincane, noma ziyathuthuka, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile ngaphandle kokuthi unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezintsha noma eziba zimbi kakhulu:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukukhathala (ukuntuleka kwamandla).
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Isikhwehlela, umkhuhlane, noma ukukhwehlela.

Uma uphilile, abantu abaningi bazizwa bephilile ngokwanele ukuthi babuyele emisebenzini yabo yangaphambilini kungakapheli isonto. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha inyanga ukuthi balulame ngokugcwele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele ugula, unesinye isifo esingamahlalakhona, noma uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha ezifana nalezi, noma uma izimpawu zakho ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla (ukuzizwa sengathi udla kancane).

Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Kulesi simo, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha, noma ushayele u-1990:

• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, noma uma uzizwa ucindezekile ngisho noma umi nje.
• Kulungile uma unesihlungu esisha esifubeni noma uma ubuhlungu obukhona buba bubi kakhulu.
• Uma uzizwa udidekile noma ungakwazi ukucabanga kahle.

Ungayithola yini i-pneumonia ngaphandle komkhuhlane?

Yebo, yize i-pneumonia ivame ukuhambisana nomkhuhlane, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe ne-pneumonia nge-fever esezingeni eliphansi noma ngaphandle kwayo . Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu aba:

• Kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 noma ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala (ikakhulukazi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nezingane ezincane).
• Kulabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Ingabe kukhona umehluko endleleni yokwelapha i-pneumonia ezinganeni ezincane?

Ngokuvamile akukho mehluko obalulekile endleleni i-pneumonia ephathwa ngayo ezinganeni ezincane. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu nge-pneumonia futhi zinamathuba amaningi okulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze zithole ukwelashwa kunabantu abadala.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-pneumonia inezimbangela eziningi kanye nezimpawu ziyahlukahluka, kungaba yinto edidayo ukucabanga ngayo. Kuvamile futhi ukuzizwa wesaba uma uzibuza ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyinto engathi sína kakhulu. Akufanele neze ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, i-phlegm enegazi noma enemibala engavamile, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Umzimba wakho ukutshela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, ngakho ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-pneumonia yisimo esingaba sibi ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa ngokuqwashisa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungalulama kahle . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma unenkinga.

• Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu: goma, landela imikhuba enempilo.
• Qaphela izimpawu: ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho: Phuza imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe, isikhathi sonke.
• Ukuphumula kubalulekile: Nika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokululama.

Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enemibuzo eminingi mayelana ne-pneumonia, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Bazokusiza.