Masifunde konke nge-pneumonia: Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngayo! - Nirogi Lanka

I-pneumonia ingazwakala njengokuxilongwa okwesabekayo, akunjalo? Ukuzwa ngokuminyana kwesifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula kuvame ukubangela ukukhathazeka ngokushesha. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi iyini i-pneumonia, ukuthi kungani yenzeka, ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani, kanye nezinyathelo okufanele uzithathe uma uxilongwa, ngendlela elula nesekelayo.

Kuyini i-Pneumonia?

Kalula nje, i-pneumonia iyisifo emaphashini akho. Singabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ngezinye izikhathi isikhunta. Lokhu kutheleleka kubangela ukuthi izicubu zamaphaphu akho zivuvuke, okuholela ekuvuvukeni . Ngenxa yalokho, amaphaphu akho angagcwala uketshezi noma ubomvu.

ukuvuvukala - Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu

Ngokuvamile, i-Bacterial Pneumonia inzima kakhulu kune-viral pneumonia, evame ukuxazululeka ngokwayo ngokuphumula.

I-pneumonia ingathinta iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili amaphaphu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma ithinta womabili, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Bilateral noma i-Double Pneumonia .

I-pneumonia ikhula kanjani futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zayo?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia yebhaktheriya negciwane?

Nakuba i-pneumonia iyisimo esithile, izimpawu zakho zingahluka kuye ngembangela eyinhloko (amagciwane, igciwane, noma isikhunta).

I-pneumonia yamagciwane iyindlela evame kakhulu futhi ingaba yingozi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi idinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Udokotela wakho uvame ukukwelapha lokhu ngama -antibiotic .

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ivame ukuveza izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane ovamile. Ezimweni eziningi, iyaphela ngaphandle kwesidingo semithi ethile.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia

I-pneumonia ihlukaniswa ngokwegciwane eliyibangela kanye nendawo oyithole kuyo—njengomphakathi, isibhedlela, noma ngemishini yezokwelapha njengomshini wokuphefumula.

I-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini (i-CAP)

Uma uhlaselwa yi-pneumonia ngaphandle kwesikhungo sokunakekelwa kwempilo (ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma esikoleni), ihlukaniswa njenge-CAP. Izimbangela zifaka:

• Amabhaktheriya: `I-Streptococcus pneumoniae` iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-CAP (eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo se-pneumococcal). Leli bhaktheriya lingabangela nokutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwe -sinus , kanye ne-meningitis. `I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae` ivame ukubangela izimpawu ezincane. Amanye amabhaktheriya afana ne-`Haemophilus influenzae`, `Chlamydia pneumoniae`, kanye ne-`Legionella` (isifo se-Legionnaires) nawo ayizimbangela ezingaba khona.
• Amagciwane: Umkhuhlane ovamile, i-influenza, i-COVID-19 , kanye ne-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela e-pneumonia.
• Isikhunta/izikhunta: Izinhlobo ezingavamile, kodwa ezifana ne-'Cryptococcus', 'i-Pneumocystis jirovecii', kanye ne-'Coccidioides' zingabangela i-pneumonia. Lezi zivame kakhulu kubantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka.
• I-Protozoa : Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-'Toxoplasma' zingabangela i-pneumonia.

I-pneumonia etholakale esibhedlela (HAP)

Uma uba ne-pneumonia ngenkathi ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa yesinye isimo noma ukuhlinzwa, kwaziwa ngokuthi i-HAP. Lokhu kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu kune-CAP ngoba kuvame ukubangelwa amagciwane amelana namagciwane, njenge-`MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)`, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha.

I-pneumonia ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo (HCAP)

Lokhu kwenzeka uma usesikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, njengekhaya labagugile, noma uthola ukwelashwa okuvamile ngaphandle kwesibhedlela. Njenge-HAP, ivame ukubangelwa amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic.

I-pneumonia ehlobene nokuphefumula (i-VAP)

Uma udinga umshini wokuphefumula noma umshini wokuphefumula esibhedlela (ngokuvamile ose-ICU), usengozini yokuthola i-VAP. Kungabangelwa amagciwane atholakala emphakathini kanye nalawo atholakala esibhedlela amelana nezifo.

I-pneumonia yokuphefumula

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukudla, uketshezi, amathe, noma ukuhlanza kuhogela emphinjeni wakho bese kungena emaphashini akho. Uma ungakwazi ukususa lezi zinto, ukutheleleka kungavela, okuholela e-pneumonia.

Ingabe i-pneumonia, umkhuhlane, noma i-flu? Ungayibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye ne-pneumonia zingahlangana, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kochwepheshe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-pneumonia iyisimo esingasongela impilo , sicela ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula .
• Umkhuhlane ongu-102°F (38.88°C) noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukukhwehlela kuvela ulwelwesi oluphuzi, oluluhlaza okotshani, noma olunegazi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia?

Abantu abathile basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-pneumonia. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu uma uwela kunoma yisiphi salezi zigaba:

• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala.
• Abantu abanezinkinga zamaphaphu noma zenhliziyo ezikhona, njenge-cystic fibrosis, i-asthma, i-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona), i-emphysema, i-pulmonary fibrosis, noma i-sarcoidosis.
• Abantu abanezinkinga zezinzwa ezithinta ukugwinya, njenge-dementia, isifo sikaParkinson, noma labo abake baba nesifo sohlangothi, njengoba lezi zimo zandisa kakhulu ingozi ye-aspiration pneumonia.
• Iziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela noma ezihlala ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside njengamanje.
• Abantu ababhemayo.
• Omama abakhulelwe.
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngenxa yomdlavuza, abantu abathola ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela eyinhloko futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zingabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene ezinganeni, ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia yamagciwane

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ingahlasela ngokuzumayo noma ikhule kancane kancane. Izimpawu ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (kufika ku-105°F / 40.55°C).
• Ukukhwehlela ulwelwesi oluphuzi, oluluhlaza okotshani, noma olunegazi.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile noma ukuqhaqhazela.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela noma uphefumula kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni sakho, ezindebeni, noma ezinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sengqondo.

Izimpawu ze-Viral Pneumonia

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukukhula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, noma ungase uqaphele:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.

Izimpawu Ezinganeni Ezincane

Ezinsaneni ezincane kakhulu nasezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, i-pneumonia ingase ivele nezimpawu noma izimpawu ezimbalwa ezihluke kakhulu kwezabantu abadala.

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukungabi namandla okuvamile, noma ukushaqeka.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukuphefumula okusebenzayo noma okusheshayo (tachypnea).
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukudinwa.
• Ukucasuka okukhulu noma ukukhala okungapheli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinganeni ezincane, funa:

• Ukukhala noma ukubhonga kuzwakala ngesikhathi uphefumula.
• Ukuchama okunciphile noma ama-napkin ambalwa anamanzi.
• Isikhumba esimpunga noma esiphuzi.
• Ukuxega noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
• Ukukhala okuqhubekayo, okungaduduzeki.
• Ukwenqaba ukudla noma ukudla.

Izimpawu Kubantu Abadala Abangaphezu Kweminyaka Engu-65

Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 noma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, izimpawu ezivamile ezifana nokukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula kanzima zingase zibe zincane noma zingabi khona. Esikhundleni salokho ungase uqaphele ukuwohloka kwezimo ezingapheli ezikhona noma izimpawu ezisheshayo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukudideka okungazelelwe noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Ukukhathala okujulile.

Yini ebangela i-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia yenzeka lapho ukutheleleka kushisa amasaka amancane omoya (ama-alveoli) emaphashini akho, okubangela ukuba agcwale uketshezi noma ubomvu. Lokhu kuyisimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela esisabela ezifweni ezihlaselayo.

Nakuba amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene, amagciwane, kanye nesikhunta kungabangela i-pneumonia, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kuyimbangela evame kakhulu kubantu abadala , kanti amagciwane ayimbangela ehamba phambili ezinganeni ezifunda esikoleni . Amagciwane avamile ahlanganisa:

• Umkhuhlane ovamile (i-rhinovirus)
• I-COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)
• Igciwane lomkhuhlane
• I-metapneumovirus yabantu (i-HMPV)
• I-Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV)
• Isifo samaLegionnaire
• I-Mycoplasma pneumonia
• Isifo se-pneumococcal
• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV)

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathelelana?

I-pneumonia ngokwayo ayisona isifo "esithathelwanayo", kodwa amagciwane namabhaktheriya ayibangela ayathelelana . Isibonelo, umkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane ungathuthuka ube yi-pneumonia, yize kungewona wonke umuntu othola igciwane ozolithola.

Ibhaktheriya evamile i-Streptococcus pneumoniae ingasakazeka ngamaconsi okuphefumula ngokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, noma ngokuxhumana nezindawo ezingcolisiwe. I-pneumonia yesikhunta ngokuvamile ayidluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.

Itholakala kanjani i-pneumonia?

Ukuze ahlole i-pneumonia, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa nokulalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope. Bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray yesifuba, i-pulse oximetry (ukuhlola amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini), ukuhlolwa kwegazi, noma ukukhuliswa kwe-sputum.

Okubalulekile: Ngisho noma udokotela eqinisekisa ukuthi une-pneumonia, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukukhomba ukuthi iyiphi imbangela yalesi sifo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Ukuze uhlole izimpawu zokutheleleka emaphashini akho, uhlole ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi unqume imbangela eyisisekelo ye-pneumonia yakho, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kokuxilonga:

• Izithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuba abone izimpawu zokutheleleka emaphashini akho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni uhlobo lokutheleleka okubangela i-pneumonia yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela: Uzocelwa ukuthi ukhwehlele ukhiphe amafinyila esitsheni. Lesi sampula sithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe ukutheleleka futhi kutholakale igciwane elithile.
• I-pulse oximetry: Inzwa isetshenziswa ukukala ukugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu kunikeza udokotela wakho umbono ocacile wokuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukukhuliswa koketshezi lwe-Pleural: Kusetshenziswa inalithi encane, isampula yoketshezi iqoqwa endaweni ezungeze amaphaphu akho bese ithunyelwa elebhu ukuze kutholakale umthombo wokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi emthanjeni: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi esihlakaleni sakho, engalweni, noma esinqeni ukuze kulinganiswe amazinga omoya-mpilo, okunikeza ukuqonda ngokusebenza kwamaphaphu akho.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angasebenzisa ithubhu elincane, elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscope ukuze abheke ngqo emigudwini yakho yomoya. Bangase futhi baqoqe amasampula ezicubu noma uketshezi ukuze ahlaziywe elebhu.

Iphathwa kanjani i-pneumonia? (Nirogi Lanka)

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kuncike embangela ethile (amabhaktheriya, igciwane, noma isikhunta) kanye nobunzima besimo sakho. Njengoba kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthola imbangela eqondile ngokushesha, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nokuvimbela isimo ukuba singabi sibi.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka:

• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa anqunyelwe i-pneumonia yamagciwane. Nakuba engasebenzi kumagciwane, udokotela wakho angase awanqunyelwe uma kukhona ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kwesibili.
• Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta: Le isetshenziswa uma i-pneumonia yakho ibangelwa ukutheleleka kwesikhunta.
• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ivame ukuziphelela yodwa; noma kunjalo, uma igciwane libangela ukugula okukhulu, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokulwa namagciwane efana ne -oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) , i-zanamivir (Relenza®) , noma i-peramivir (Rapivab®) ukuze kufinyezwe isikhathi kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zakho.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma amazinga akho e-oxygen egazini ephansi, udokotela wakho angakunikeza i-oxygen eyengeziwe nge-cannula yamakhala noma i-mask yobuso.
• Uketshezi olungena emzimbeni: Uketshezi olufakwa ngqo emithanjeni yakho lusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukugeleza koketshezi: Uma kukhona ukunqwabelana okukhulu koketshezi phakathi kwamaphaphu akho nodonga lwesifuba (i-pleural effusion), udokotela wakho angase alukhiphe ngokusebenzisa i-catheter noma inqubo yokuhlinzwa.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyazixazulula ngokwayo?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ivame ukuphela ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho ukuze uphathe izimpawu futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu.

Amathiphu okuzinakekela okuphatha izimpawu ekhaya

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngenkathi ululama:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane: Udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi efana ne -ibuprofen (Advil®) noma i-acetaminophen (paracetamol/Panadol®) yokulawula umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu.
• Umuthi Wokukhwehlela: Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ukukhwehlela. Ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokukhipha uketshezi emaphashini akho.
• Ukuzivocavoca nokwelashwa kokuphefumula: Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze amasu noma izindlela zokwelapha ezithile ukusiza ukukhulula amafinyila nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier: Ukugcina i-cool-mist humidifier ekamelweni lakho noma ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo kungasiza ekumanziseni umoya futhi kukwenze uphefumule kalula.
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi emzimbeni.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani?

Isikhathi sokululama sincike ezintweni eziningana:

• Iminyaka yakho.
• Imbangela eyinhloko ye-pneumonia yakho.
• Ubunzima bokutheleleka.
• Noma yiziphi izimo zempilo noma izinkinga ezikhona.

Uma uphilile ngokwejwayelekile, kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ungcono zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-48 kusukela uqale ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia yamagciwane . I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ingathuthuka futhi zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, yize izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nokukhathala zingaqhubeka amasonto ambalwa.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathelelana?

Uma une-pneumonia yamagciwane, ngokuvamile ubhekwa njengongathelelani ngemva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho usuphelile futhi ususebenzise ama-antibiotic okungenani amahora angu-48 . Nge-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, ungase uhlale uthelelana uze uzizwe ungcono futhi ungabi nomkhuhlane izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ngingakuvimbela kanjani i-pneumonia? (Nirogi Lanka)

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ukugomela izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zamagciwane namagciwane. Ukugcina imikhuba enempilo nakho kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Ukugoma

Nakuba imijovo yokugoma ingakwazi ukuvikela kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-pneumonia, iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukugula okubi kakhulu.

• Imithi yokugomela i-pneumococcal: Le mithi ivikela amagciwane abangela i-pneumonia. Inconywa amaqembu athile eminyaka kanye nalabo abasengozini enkulu. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi yimuphi umuthi wokugomela ofanele wena noma abathandekayo bakho.
• Imithi yokugomela igciwane: Ukuhlala usesikhathini ngemithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 kanye ne-influenza (flu) kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-pneumonia ebangelwa yila magciwane.
• Ukugonywa kwezingane: Qinisekisa ukuthi izingane zakho zinolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo yazo evamile, njengoba eminingi yayo ivikela amagciwane namagciwane angaholela ku-pneumonia.

Izindlela zokuzivikela ezengeziwe

Ngale kokugoma, le mikhuba enempilo iyasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthola noma yokusabalalisa i-pneumonia:

• Gwema ukubhema nokuchayeka ekubhemeni intuthu evela komunye umuntu. Ukubhema konakalisa amaphaphu akho futhi kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo zokuphefumula.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngaphambi kokudla, ukulungiselela ukudla, noma ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Uma insipho ingekho, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enesifo esithathelwanayo njengomkhuhlane noma i-COVID-19, gwema ukuxhumana eduze futhi ugweme ukwabelana ngezinto zakho siqu.
• Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela noma uthola ukunakekelwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha, ungangabazi ukubuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokutheleleka okutholakala esibhedlela.
• Gcina ukudla okulinganiselayo, yenza umsebenzi womzimba njalo, futhi ubeke phambili ukuphumula okwanele.
• Lawula noma yiziphi izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo noma izifo ezikhona. Lokhu kungenza buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho futhi kukwenze ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-pneumonia? (Izinkinga)

I-pneumonia ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Izingozi ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: I-pneumonia ingabangela ukwehluleka kokuphefumula noma i-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Ukuphuma kwegazi: Ukwakheka koketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu.
• I-Bacteremia noma i-Sepsis: Amabhaktheriya avela ku-pneumonia angangena egazini lakho, asakaze ukutheleleka kwezinye izitho futhi angase aholele ekushayweni yi-sepsis noma ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi.
• Ithumba lamaphaphu: Imigodi egcwele ubomvu engakheka ngaphakathi kwezicubu zamaphaphu.

Kunini lapho ungadinga khona ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

Uma une-pneumonia enzima noma uhlangabezana nezinkinga, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi udinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela uma:

• Bangaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65.
• Unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka.
• Unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu ezikhona ngaphambilini.

Khumbula: Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kungathatha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukuze ubuye uthole amandla akho ngokugcwele.

Ongakwenza ukuze uthole impumuzo ngenkathi ululama e-pneumonia

Ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Lawula izimpawu zakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalile.
• Qedela yonke inkambo yakho yemithi oyinikezwe ngudokotela. Ungayeki ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono; ukwehluleka ukuqeda yonke inkambo kungabangela ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye.
• Sebenzisa imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane (njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen) njengoba kuqondiswe kwilebula. Ungalokothi unike izingane i-aspirin.
• Beka phambili ukuphumula ukuze umzimba wakho ululame.

Uma isimo sakho siba sibi noma uzizwa sengathi awuthuthuki, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zokuthi uyalulama e-pneumonia

Njengoba ululama, uzobona umkhuhlane wakho ubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Kufanele futhi ubone ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila nokukhwehlela. Ukuzizwa ukwazi ukuqhubeka neminye yemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kungenye inkomba enamandla yentuthuko yakho.

Ungabuyela nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni ngemva kokuba ne-pneumonia?

Ngokuvamile ungabuyela esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile uma izimpawu zakho seziphelile noma sezithuthukile, futhi ungasazizwa:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukukhathala ngokweqile.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, umkhuhlane, noma uketshezi oluningi.

Uma uphilile, abantu abaningi bangaphinde baqale ukusebenza kahle esikhathini esingangesonto. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha inyanga ukuthi uzizwe uphilile ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ubulokhu uzizwa ungaphilile, unezimo ezingamahlalakhona eziyisisekelo, noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho mayelana nalokhu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela okune-mucus.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo.
• Ukwehla okukhulu kwesifiso sokudla.

Kufanele ufune nini ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo?

Ezimweni ezilandelayo, funa usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha noma ushayele u-911:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma umuzwa wokungakwazi ukubamba umoya wakho ngenkathi uphumule.
• Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kobuhlungu besifuba noma ukwanda kobuhlungu besifuba obukhona.
• Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokucabanga kahle.

Ungayithola yini i-pneumonia ngaphandle komkhuhlane?

Yebo. Nakuba umkhuhlane uwuphawu oluvamile lwe-pneumonia, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe ne-pneumonia ngomkhuhlane omncane noma angabi nawo nhlobo umkhuhlane. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu emaqenjini alandelayo:

• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 noma izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala (ikakhulukazi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana).
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Ingabe kukhona umehluko endleleni yokwelapha i-pneumonia ezinganeni ezincane?

Ngokuvamile, indlela yokwelapha i-pneumonia ayifani kakhulu ezinganeni. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu ngenxa ye-pneumonia , okusho ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-pneumonia inezimbangela nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, kuvamile ukuzizwa udidekile noma ukhathazekile uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zikhathaza. Ungalokothi uzishaye indiva izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, amabala egazi noma amafinyila anombala ongajwayelekile, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Umzimba wakho uyazi ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, ngakho-ke ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Uma uhlangabezana nesimo esiphuthumayo, sicela uxhumane no-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo eziseduze nawe ngokushesha.

Umlayezo ovela eNirogi Lanka (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-pneumonia ingaba yisimo esibucayi, kodwa ngokuqwashisa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele, kululama ngokuphelele. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu bese uthintana nodokotela uma unemibuzo.

• Ukuvimbela kubalulekile:Hlala usesikhathini ngemigomo enconyiwe futhi ulondoloze imikhuba enempilo.
• Hlala uqaphile: Nakisisa izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.
• Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha: Thatha imithi oyinikezwe ngudokotela njengoba nje uyalelwe bese uqedela yonke inkambo.
• Beka ukuphumula kuqala: Nikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi osidingayo ukuze ululame.

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninemibuzo eyengeziwe mayelana ne-pneumonia, sicela ukhululeke ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo. Balapha ukuzokusiza.