Uyazazi yini ngomdlavuza wendlala yesitho sangasese sowesilisa? Ake sixoxe ngakho!

Wake wezwa ngomdlavuza wendlala yesitho sangasese sowesifazane ? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa umngane noma isihlobo sikhuluma ngawo. Lesi yisifo esithinta amadoda kuphela futhi sidinga ukunakwa okuthile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, uma usukwazi ngakho, izinto eziningi zizocaca. Ake sixoxe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe, kalula kakhulu. Indlala yesitho sangasese sowesifazane iyindlala encane enabantu besilisa kuphela. Ukuze kube sobala, icishe ibe usayizi we-walnut encane. Itholakala ngaphansi kwesinye, phambi kwendunu. Ikhipha uketshezi oluhlangana nesidoda futhi lusize ukugcina isidoda siphilile ukuze sikhulelwe umntwana. Ngakho-ke, lapho amangqamuzana akulesi sitho sangasese sowesifazane eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki, siwubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza wendlala yesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu. Singabonakala futhi kaningi phakathi kwamadoda. Cabanga nje, cishe amadoda ayi-13 kwangu-100 azoba nalesi simo ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yawo. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ezimweni eziningi singatholakala ngaphambi kokuba sisakazekele ngale kwendlala yesitho sangasese sowesifazane ... Isibonelo, e-United States kuphela, cishe abantu abangu-35,000 bayafa ngenxa yalesi sifo minyaka yonke.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-prostate?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza we-prostate, cishe uhlobo lwe-adenocarcinoma. I-Adenocarcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emaseli ezindlala ezikhipha izinto, njenge-prostate yakho. Akuvamile kakhulu, umdlavuza we-prostate uvela kwezinye izinhlobo zamaseli. Kunezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile:

• Umdlavuza wamaseli amancane
• Umdlavuza wamaseli okuguqukayo
• Izimila ze-neuroendocrine
• Ama-Sarcomas

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wendlala?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, umdlavuza we-prostate uvame ukuba nezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ungaboni noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, ungase uqale ukubona izinguquko ezithile. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko :

• Ukudinga ukuchama njalo, ngezinye izikhathi okuphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku .
• Ukugeleza komchamo okubuthakathaka, noma umchamo oqala ukugeleza bese uyayeka.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-dysuria ).
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo).
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).
• Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuphuma kocansi kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kocansi ( ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi - ED).
• Ukubona igazi esidodeni noma emchameni .
• Ubuhlungu emhlane wakho ongezansi, ezinqeni, noma esifubeni.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza wendlala yesitho sangasese sowesilisa?

Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe abasazi kahle ukuthi amangqamuzana e-prostate aba kanjani umdlavuza. Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, umdlavuza we-prostate uqala lapho amangqamuzana eqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Cabanga nje, amangqamuzana avamile emizimbeni yethu ayafa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Kodwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza awafi ngaleyo ndlela . Esikhundleni salokho, aqhubeka ephindaphinda futhi akhe isimila. Njengoba lawa maseli eqhubeka nokuhlukana, izingcezu zesimila zingaqhekeka futhi zisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis). Ngenhlanhla, umdlavuza we-prostate uvame ukukhula kancane . Esikhathini esiningi, lawa mathumba atholakala ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usakazeke ngaphandle kwe-prostate gland. Ngaleso sikhathi, umdlavuza we-prostate unethuba elingcono kakhulu lokwelashwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu? (Izici eziyingozi)

Kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko ezibangela umdlavuza wendlala:

• Ubudala : Le ngozi iyanda njengoba ukhula. Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi utholakale unalesi sifo. Cishe u-60% womdlavuza we-prostate uvela kwabesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65.
• Uhlanga kanye nobuzwe : Uma ungumuntu omnyama noma ungowozalo lwase-Afrika, ingozi yakho iphakeme. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumdlavuza onamandla osakazeka ngokushesha futhi umdlavuza utholakala ungakafiki eminyakeni engu-50.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wendlala yesitho sangasese sowesilisa : Uma othile emndenini wakho oseduze (njengobaba noma umfowenu) eke waba nalesi sifo, amathuba akho okuba naso ayanda ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kathathu.
• Izakhi zofuzo : Uma unesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Lynch syndrome, noma uma uzuze izakhi zofuzo (i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2) ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele, ingozi yakho iphakeme.

Ezinye izifundo ziveze ezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi, kodwa ubufakazi abukakaqiniseki. Ezinye izici ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ukubhema.
• Ukuvuvukala kwendlala ye-prostate (i-prostatitis).
• Inkomba yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI) engaphezu kwama-30 (okusho ukukhuluphala).
• Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI).
• Ukuchayeka ku-Agent Orange (ikhemikhali esetshenziswa ngesikhathi seMpi yaseVietnam).

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole umdlavuza wendlala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuskena, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy . Iningi labantu liqala ukuthola izivivinyo zokuhlolwa cishe eminyakeni engu-55. Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini enkulu, ungaqala ukuthola lezi zivivinyo kusenesikhathi. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukumiswa ngemva kweminyaka engu-70. Uma le miphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa noma yini engavamile, ungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi umdlavuza ukhula kancane futhi awubangeli izinkinga ezinkulu, angalinda isikhashana ngaphambi kokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ukhula ngokushesha noma usakazeke ngaphandle kwendlala, kuyadingeka i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa .

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswayo?

Lezi zivivinyo zokuhlola zizokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Digital Rectal (DRE) : Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho ufaka umunwe ogcotshwe ngegilavu ​​​​e-rectum yakho bese ezwa i-prostate gland yakho. Uma kukhona amaqhubu noma izindawo eziqinile, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) : I-prostate gland ikhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Izinga le-PSA eliphakeme egazini lingaba uphawu lomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, amazinga e-PSA angakhuphuka nakwezinye izimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza, njenge-benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) noma i-prostatitis. Ngakho-ke, i-PSA ephezulu akusho njalo umdlavuza .
• Ukuthwebula Izithombe : I-MRI noma i-transrectal ultrasound ingathatha izithombe ze-prostate yakho. Lezi zithombe zingakhomba izindawo ezingase zibe nomdlavuza. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi azokwenza yini i-biopsy.
• I-Biopsy : Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela usebenzisa inalithi encane ukususa isampula yezicubu ku-prostate gland bese eyihlola ukuze athole amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unomdlavuza we-prostate.. Kungasho futhi ukuthi umdlavuza unzima kangakanani nokuthi usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sampula sihlolwa ngofuzo ukuze kusizwe ukuhlela ukwelashwa.

Ziyini amazinga nezigaba zomdlavuza we-prostate?

Odokotela basebenzisa izinto ezifana ne -Gleason score kanye nokuhlolwa komdlavuza ukuze bathole ukuthi umdlavuza uyingozi kangakanani nokuthi udinga ukwelashwa okunjani.

Iyini i-Gleason Score?

Isikolo se-Gleason sivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlukanise ukuthi amangqamuzana akho omdlavuza awajwayelekile kangakanani. Uma amangqamuzana engavamile kakhulu, kulapho isikolo se-Gleason siphezulu khona. Lesi sikolo sinquma izinga lomdlavuza, noma ukuthi kungenzeka usabalale ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba somdlavuza

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi umdlavuza wakho usukhule noma usakazeke kangakanani. Umdlavuza ungase uphelele endlaleni ye-prostate (yendawo), uhlasele izicubu eziseduze (zesifunda), noma usakazeke kwezinye izitho zomzimba (ezisakazeke kakhulu). Umdlavuza we-prostate uvame ukusabalala emathanjeni nasema-lymph node . Ungakhula nasesibindini, ebuchosheni, emaphashini, nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi impilo yakho iyonke, ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini, nokuthi usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Kuye ngokwelashwa kwakho, kungadingeka ukuthi usebenzisane nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene (isibonelo, odokotela bezifo zomchamo, odokotela bezifo zomchamo, kanye nodokotela bezifo zomchamo) . Iningi lomdlavuza wendlala yesinye elitholakala kusenesikhathi lingelapheka ngokwelashwa .

Imithi ethile kanye nokwelashwa

Ukuqapha

Uma umdlavuza wakho ukhula kancane futhi ungasakazeki, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuwuhlola ngaphandle kokuwelapha ngokushesha.

• Ukuqapha Okusebenzayo : Kulokhu, uzoba nokuhlolwa njalo, ukuskena kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-biopsies - cishe kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemithathu - ukuze kuqashwe inqubekela phambili yomdlavuza. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala, onengozi ephansi futhi ongenazimpawu. Ukwelashwa kuqala kuphela uma umdlavuza uba mubi kakhulu.
• Ukulinda Ngokuqaphela : Le ndlela isetshenziswa kubantu asebekhulile noma labo abanezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ihilela ukuhlolwa okumbalwa futhi igxile kakhulu ekunciphiseni izimpawu kunokuqeda umdlavuza.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa kwe-prostate okunamandla inqubo yokuhlinzwa esusa i-prostate enesifo.Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungasusa ngempumelelo umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ongakasabalali. Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi uzozuza kulokhu kuhlinzwa, uzoncoma indlela efanele yokususa.

• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Prostatectomy Evulekile : Kule nqubo, udokotela wenza i-incision eyodwa esiswini sakho bese esusa i-prostate gland. Le nqubo ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinye izinqubo ezingangenisi kakhulu.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Robotic Radical Prostatectomy : Kule nqubo, udokotela angenza ukuhlinzwa ngokusika okuncane kakhulu. Usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-robotic nge-console.

Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe

Ungathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wendlala njengokwelashwa okukodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kunganciphisa izimpawu.

• Ukwelashwa nge-Brachy : Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka imbewu enemisebe ngaphakathi kwe-prostate gland yakho. Lokhu kubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngenkathi kusindisa izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile.
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphandle (i-EBRT) : Umshini uqondisa umsebe onamandla we-X-ray esigaxeni. Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-IMRT zingahlasela umdlavuza kuphela ngenkathi zisindisa izicubu ezinempilo.

Ukwelashwa Okuhlelekile

Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwe-prostate yakho, udokotela wakho womdlavuza angase akuncome ukwelashwa okuhlelekile. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhamba emzimbeni wonke futhi kubulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma kuwavimbele ekukhuleni kwawo.

• Ukwelashwa Ngama-hormone : I-Testosterone iyi-hormone esiza umdlavuza we-prostate ukukhula. Ekwelashweni ngama-hormone, imithi ivimba noma yehlise i-testosterone. Amanye amadoda angase ahlinzwe ukuze kususwe ama-testicles (orchiectomy) ukuze kumiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali : Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kumdlavuza osuthuthukile, unganikezwa wodwa noma ngokwelashwa ngama-hormone. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwe-prostate gland, unganikezwa i-chemotherapy yodwa noma ngokwelashwa ngama-hormone.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy : Lokhu kuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze akusize ekutholeni nasekulweni namaseli omdlavuza. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa umdlavuza osuqalile noma ophindaphindayo.
• Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe : Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela umdlavuza. Kusebenza kahle kakhulu kumdlavuza onezinguquko ze-BRCA.

Ukwelashwa Okugxile

Ukwelashwa kwe-focal kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphakathi kwendlala yakho ye-prostate. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kwelashwa uma umdlavuza wakho ungengozi ephansi futhi ungakasabalali. Iningi lalezi zindlela zokwelapha zisahlolwa.

• I-Ultrasound Egxile Emandleni Aphezulu (i-HIFU) : Amaza omsindo anamandla aphezulu akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu futhi abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza ku-prostate yakho.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Cryotherapy : Umoya obandayo uqandisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ku-prostate yakho, ubhubhise isimila.
• Ukususwa Kwe-Laser : Ukushisa okukhulu okuqondiswe esigaxeni somdlavuza kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza endlaleni ye-prostate futhi kubhubhise isigaxa.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Photodynamic : Imithi yenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza azwele kakhulu kuma-wavelength athile okukhanya. Udokotela ube eseveza amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulawo ma-wavelength okukhanya, awabulale.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala?

Kunemiphumela eminingana emibi engenzeka ngokwelashwa:

• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba : Ungase uvuza umchamo uma ukhwehlela noma uhleka. Noma ungase uzizwe unesidingo sokuchama ngokuzumayo ngisho noma isinyi sakho singagcwele. Lesi simo sivame ukuba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 .
• Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwesidoda (ED) : Ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha kungathinta ikhono lokuqina kwesidoda ngesikhathi socansi. Ungase uqaphele umehluko empilweni yakho yocansi unyaka noma emibili. Imithi efana ne-Sildenafil (Viagra®) noma i-Tadalafil (Cialis®) ingasiza ngalokhu ngokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi epenis.
• Ukungazali : Ukwelashwa kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda sakho noma ukuphuma kwesidoda. Uma unethemba lokuba nabantwana, cabanga ngokuqongelela isidoda ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa . Kamuva, isidoda singatholakala bese sifakwa esibelethweni somlingani wakho.

Uma unale miphumela emibi, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa ithimba lakho lokunakekela umdlavuza . Ngokuvamile, bangancoma imithi kanye nokwelashwa okungasiza.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma unomdlavuza we-prostate, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe umdlavuza usakazeke ngaphandle kwe-prostate yami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesigaba sami somdlavuza wendlala yesinye?
• Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ingabe ikhona ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wendlala emndenini wami? Uma kunjalo, kufanele sihlole izakhi zofuzo?
• Ngidinga ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okunjani ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngiqaphele izimpawu zezinkinga?

Luhlobo luni lwethemba umuntu onomdlavuza wendlala yesinye angaba nalo?

Uma umdlavuza we-prostate utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungalindela umphumela ongcono kakhulu . Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye (99%) amadoda atholakala ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usakazeke - okungukuthi, azophila okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa . Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza ose-prostate gland kuphela ungasuswa ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ususakazeke (umdlavuza we-prostate osakazeke), izinga lokusinda alilihle kangako - amaphesenti angu-32 kuphela amadoda anomdlavuza we-prostate osakazeke azophila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza we-prostate, ungase ube nemizwa ehlukahlukene - nemibuzo eminingi. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza we-prostate ungelashwa kahle kakhulu . Abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, engenawo umdlavuza iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ungaba mubi kakhulu futhi usakazeke ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lokunakekela umdlavuza lizochaza izinketho zakho futhi likunikeze ukwesekwa kanye nesiqondiso osidingayo kuzo zonke izinqumo, kusukela ekuhlolweni kuya ekwelashweni.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Umdlavuza we-prostate uyisifo esivamile futhi esingaba yingozi kwabesilisa. Kodwa ungesabi . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu bese uhlolwa useneminyaka efanele . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza we-prostate, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 noma uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nalesi sifo. Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi, izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo sezithuthukisiwe namuhla . Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukubona udokotela. Nguwe okufanele unakekele impilo yakho kakhulu. Khumbula, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukungabhemi, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba) nakho kuyasiza ekuzivikeleni ezifweni ezinjalo ngezinga elithile .

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Umdlavuza Wendlala Yesilisa , umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, i-PSA, i-DRE, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, impilo yamadoda