Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kwe-mitral valve. "Kuyini lokhu kuhlinzwa?", "Kungani kudingeka ngenze lokhu?", "Ingabe kuyingozi?", njll. Imibuzo eminingi cishe ifika engqondweni. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Iyini le valve ye-mitral? Kusho ukuthini ukuyilungisa?
Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengendlu enamakamelo amane. "Umnyango" ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo phakathi kwegumbi eliphezulu (i-atrium yesobunxele) kanye negumbi elingezansi (i-ventricle yesobunxele) ubizwa ngokuthi i-Mitral Valve . Lo mnyango uvula ukuvumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini ukuthi lingene kwi-ventricle yesobunxele. I-ventricle yesobunxele bese ipompa igazi liye kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ngakho-ke izinkinga ziqala lapho le valve, i-mitral valve, ingasebenzi kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungalimaza inhliziyo namaphaphu. Ukulungiswa kwe-Mitral valve kuhilela ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile ukulungisa iphutha kule valve. Odokotela bahlala bezama ukulungisa i-valve yakho kunokuyishintsha ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inezinzuzo eziningi kanye nezingozi ezimbalwa.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lokhu kuhlinzwa kudingeka khona?
Udokotela angase acabangele lokhu kuhlinzwa ezimweni ezintathu eziyinhloko zezokwelapha.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Mitral Valve | Ama-flap amabili e-valve awavali kahle, okubangela ukuba igazi "livuze" ngendlela engafanele, okungukuthi, libuyele emuva. Uma lokhu kuvuza kukhulu noma kunezimpawu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. |
| I-Mitral Valve Stenosis | Ukuvulwa kwevalvu kuyavaleka futhi kunciphe, okuvimbela igazi elanele ukuthi lingagelezi kuyo. Uma lokhu kukubi kakhulu, udokotela uzoqala azame ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (isib., i-balloon mitral valvotomy) futhi, uma lokho kungasebenzi, uzokudlulisela ohlinzweni. |
| Ukwehla kwe-Mitral Valve | Amapheshana amabili e-valve ayakhululeka kakhulu futhi awe. Lokhu kungabangela nokuthi igazi livuze emuva. Kuphela u-60% wokuhlinzwa kwe-mitral valve okwenziwa ngenxa yalesi simo. |
Uma uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yakho (i-ventricle yesobunxele) lunciphise ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakho (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ohlangothini lwesobunxele) noma uma inhliziyo yakho ikhulisiwe, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungadingeka futhi. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo sisesigabeni sokuqala, singalawulwa ngemithi. Udokotela wakho uvame ukwenza i-echocardiogram ukuqapha isimo senhliziyo yakho.
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo ithimba lakho lezokwelapha elikunikeza yona ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Bangase bakutshele izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa ukugabha kwegazi (isib. i-aspirin, i-warfarin), amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Uma ubhema, kuzokusiza ukuthi uyeke .
- Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa, uzocelwa ukuba ugeze umzimba wakho ngensipho yokubulala amagciwane.
- Bazokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imithi okudingeka uyithathe ekuseni ngosuku lokuhlinzwa.
- Uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngosuku lokuhlinzwa.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Njengoba lokhu kungukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia bese ulaliswa. Ngakho ngeke uzwe lutho. Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kalula nje:
1. I-Anesthesia: Lokhu kukwenza ulale ubuthongo obujulile, ngaphandle kokuzwa ubuhlungu.
2. Umshini wokudlula: Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uzoxhunywa emshinini okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi "uMshini Wokudlula Kwenhliziyo" ukuze wenze umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu okwesikhashana.
3. Ukusikwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikwa esifubeni. Ubukhulu balokhu kusikwa buyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo.
4. Ukulungiswa kwevalvu: Udokotela ohlinzayo ube esesebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukulungisa iphutha kuvalvu yakho ye-mitral. Ngokuvamile, indandatho eyenziwe ngendwangu (indandatho ye-annuloplasty) ibekwa nxazonke kwevalvu ukuze iyisekele. Lokhu kubuyisela ivalvu endaweni yayo evamile.
5. Ukuhlolwa: Ivalvu iyahlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilungiswe kahle. Kwenziwa ezinye izinguquko uma kudingeka.
6. Ukuvuselelwa: Usunqanyuliwe emshinini wokudlula bese inhliziyo namaphaphu akho enziwa asebenze futhi.
7. Ukuhlolwa kokugcina:Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (Echocardiogram) kusetshenziselwa ukubheka ivalvu nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele yini.
Yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo lapho kuhlinzwa?
Odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene kulokhu. Isibonelo, ngisho nokusikwa esifubeni kungase kuhluke.
- Ukusikwa okukhulu phakathi kwesifuba (i-Full Sternotomy)
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-sternotomy okuyingxenye (ukusikwa okuncane engxenyeni yesifuba)
- Ukusikwa okuncane okwenziwe phakathi kwezimbambo ezimbili (i-Right Thoracotomy)
- Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi kwenziwa ngokwenza izimbobo eziningana ezincane kakhulu phakathi kwezimbambo.
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulungisa ivalvu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusika izingxenye ezonakele nokuthunga izingxenye ezisele, noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-chordae ngezintambo ezikhethekile zokwenziwa ezifana ne-Gore-Tex® uma i-chordae ikhululekile. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Lapho, ithimba lezokwelapha lizoqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nokuphefumula kwakho. Ngemva kwalokho, uzoba segunjini elijwayelekile izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele ekhaya. Kuthatha cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukululama ngokuphelele. Abanye abantu bangathatha isikhathi eside.
Khumbula le nto ebaluleke kakhulu: Uhambo lwakho lokululama luhlukile kuwe. Nakuba umakhelwane wakho engase alulame ngokuphelele ngenyanga, kungathatha izinyanga eziningana. Lokho kuyinto evamile. Ngakho ungaziqhathanisi nabanye. Ungazicindezeli ukuthi ululame ngokushesha.
Kunezici eziningana ezithinta isivinini sokululama kwakho:
- Ubunzima besifo senhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Impilo yakho iyonke ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Indlela yokuhlinzwa esetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, zibekele imigomo emincane bese ubuyela kancane kancane emisebenzini yakho evamile. Phumula ngokwanele. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungaqala nini ukushayela, ukuphakamisa izinsimbi, nokuzivocavoca.
Ziyini izinzuzo zokuvuselela? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Kunezinzuzo eziningana zokulungisa ivalvu kunokuyifaka esikhundleni sayo.
- Amathuba okusinda ayanda kanye nokusinda isikhathi eside ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuvikelwa okungcono kokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kanye ne-endocarditis.
- Akunasidingo sokuthatha ama-anticoagulant impilo yakho yonke.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa, kunezingozi. Isibonelo, ukungalingani kwenhliziyo (arrhythmias), ukopha, kanye nokutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlinzwa uma izinzuzo zokuhlinzwa zidlula kakhulu izingozi.Ngoba bakholelwa lokho. Kubikwa ukuthi ngisho neminyaka eyi-10 ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, cishe abantu abangu-94% abasabi nenkinga enkulu yevalvu futhi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi yisisombululo esiphumelela kakhulu nesihlala isikhathi eside.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Kuvamile ukuzwa ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokululama. Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa olunye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga. Esimweni esinjalo, shayela udokotela wakho noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
| Izimpawu zesixwayiso okufanele uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| • Ubuhlungu besifuba | • Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda |
| • Ukukhwehlela okune-mucus ephuzi noma eluhlaza | • Isiyezi noma ikhanda elibuthakathaka |
| • Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, kanye nobomvu obuzungeze indawo yokuhlinzwa | • Ubunzima bokuphefumula |
| • Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (okusheshayo kakhulu noma okuhamba kancane kakhulu ) | • Inkulumo engacacile noma ezinye izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi |
| • Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | • Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala emlenzeni ongezansi |
Uma unenkinga nganoma yisiphi isibonakaliso, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngaso. Kuyaduduza ukwazi ukuthi akuyona into engathi sína.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukulungiswa kwe-valve ye-Mitral inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokulungisa iphutha ku-valve yakho yenhliziyo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kunokushintsha i-valve.
- Kungathatha amasonto angu-4-8 noma ngaphezulu ukululama ngokuphelele kulokhu kuhlinzwa. Ungaqhathanisi uhambo lwakho lokululama nabanye.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekululameni kwakho.
- Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane, kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokusikwa. Uma ungabaza, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyisisombululo esiphumelelayo kakhulu nesihlala isikhathi eside. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza onakho ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
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