Ingabe igazi lakho liyaqina ngokushesha? Noma kancane kancane? Ake sixoxe ngokuhlolwa kwe-Prothrombin Time (PT/INR)!

Uma sithola inxeba endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu bese siqala ukopha, umzimba wethu usebenza kanzima kakhulu ukumisa ukopha, akunjalo? Lokhu kumisa ukopha yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukujiya kwegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kujiya kwegazi kungase kungenzeki kahle. Kungase kube kancane kakhulu, noma kungenzeka kwenzeke ngokushesha kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kokwazi kahle ukuthi inqubo yakho yokujiya kwegazi ihamba kanjani kubizwa ngokuthi i-Prothrombin Time (PT/INR) Test . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Iyini i-Prothrombin Time Test (PT/INR)?

Kalula nje, i-Prothrombin Time (PT) , noma ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-PT/INR, ilinganisa ukuthi igazi lakho liqina ngokushesha kangakanani. Imiphumela inganikezwa ngemizuzwana, noma, ngokuvamile, ekubalweni okubizwa ngokuthi i-International Normalized Ratio (INR) .

Uma unenxeba futhi uphuma igazi, igazi lethu liqukethe amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi izinto ezivala igazi . Lawa afana neqembu elisebenza ndawonye. Leli qembu lisebenza ndawonye ukwakha ihlule futhi limise ukuphuma kwegazi. I-Prothrombin ingenye iphrotheni ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo. Ikhiqizwa yisibindi sethu.

Odokotela bavame ukwenza olunye uhlolo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Partial Thromboplastin Test (PTT) kanye nohlolo lwe-PT. Uhlolo lwe-PTT lubheka ukuthi ezinye izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi zisebenza kanjani. Ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi oluvela kokubili, udokotela wakho angathola ukuqonda okungcono ngesimo sakho.

Kungani senza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-PT? Yini esiyilindele kukho?

Odokotela benza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-PT ukuze bahlole ukuthi igazi lakho lijiya kahle yini. Cabanga nje, uma igazi lakho lingajiyi kahle, ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukuba igazi eliningi ligeleze emzimbeni wakho. Futhi, uma igazi lakho lijiya ngokushesha kakhulu, lawo maqhubu egazi angakheka futhi avimbe imithambo yegazi yethu. Lesi futhi isimo esiyingozi.

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase anqume ukwenza lolu vivinyo lwe-PT:

1. Hlola ukuthi umuthi we-Warfarin usebenza kahle yini.

I-Warfarin , abanye abantu abangase bayazi ngegama lomkhiqizo i-Coumadin® , iyisidakamizwa esinciphisa igazi. Inikezwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi. Uma ingelashwa kahle, abantu abasengozini yamahlule egazi bangaba nezimo ezibucayi njenge- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) noma i-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) emithanjeni yabo. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bavame ukwenza lolu vivinyo lwe-PT ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo we-warfarin owunikezwayo ulungile.

2. Lungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa

Uma uzohlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase akuyalele lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze ahlole ikhono lakho lokujiya kwegazi ngaphambi kwenqubo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awusengozini yokopha ngokweqile ngesikhathi senqubo.

3. Thola izinkinga zokopha kanye nokujiya kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PT kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi unesifo esikubangela ukuba wophe ngokweqile. Abanye abantu banaso, njengokuphuka kalula, ukuphuma kwegazi njalo ekhaleni, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungayeki ngisho nokusikeka okuncane. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela yalezi zimpawu.

4. Hlola isifo sesibindi

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-prothrombin yenziwa yisibindi. Ngakho-ke, inkinga nge-prothrombin iyisibonakaliso sokuthi ungase ube nesifo sesibindi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PT kungenye yezivivinyo zokusebenza kwesibindi ezenziwayo ukuze kubonwe ukuthi isibindi sisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi singakanani isifo sesibindi.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-Prothrombin?

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu. Ngemva kokukhipha igazi elincane kuwe, ilebhu ifaka into ebizwa ngokuthi i-thromboplastin esampula yegazi. Lokhu kusiza igazi ukuthi lijiye. Ngemuva kwalokho, uchwepheshe elabhorethri usebenzisa idivayisi ukukala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi isampula yegazi lakho lijiye.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-PT?

Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi ungakulungiselela kanjani lokhu. Kungase kudingeke wenze okulandelayo:

• Gwema ukuthatha imithi ethile: Isibonelo, eminye imithi, njengemithi elwa namagciwane , ingandisa i-PT/INR yakho. Futhi, izinto ezifana namaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo kanye nokwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone kunganciphisa i-PT yakho.
• Yehlisa iVithamini K: Ungase utshelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha izithasiselo zeVithamini K noma unciphise ukudla okucebile ngeVithamini K, njenge-kale, isipinashi, i-broccoli, namaqabunga etiye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iVithamini K iyisithako esithinta ukujiya kwegazi.

Kodwa khumbula, konke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Yini ongayilindela lapho ubhala i-PT Test?

Lokhu kufana nokunikela ngegazi. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokwenza kanje:

• Indawo lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi lakho izohlanzwa ngotshwala. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzobekwa ibhande elinwebekayo phezu kwengalo yakho.
• Bakutshela ukuthi uxhawule isandla sakho ukuze imithambo yegazi ikhule kahle.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, inaliti ifakwa kancane kancane emthanjeni bese kuqoqwa igazi elincane ebhodleleni elincane. Ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho inaliti ifakwa.
• Ngemva kokukhishwa kwegazi, kufakwa iplasta encane noma ibhandishi endaweni lapho inaliti ifakwe khona.

Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuthatha inani elincane legazi esihlokweni somunwe wakho. Kukhona futhi nama-PT test kit asekhaya asebenza ngokuthatha igazi esihlokweni somunwe wakho. Uma uthatha i-warfarin futhi udinga ukuthatha lokhu kuhlolwa njalo, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi usebenzise i-kit yasekhaya efana nale. Uma kunjalo, uzofundiswa ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani nokuthi ubika kanjani imiphumela kudokotela wakho.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-PT?

Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-PT, ungenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke njengenjwayelo. Ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile noma ushayeke lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. Kodwa lokhu akuhlali isikhathi eside.

Ziyini imiphumela esiyitholayo? Kusho ukuthini lokho?

Ilebhu ibika imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PT ngemizuzwana, noma (ngokuvamile) njengenani elibizwa ngokuthi i-International Normalized Ratio (INR) . Leli nani le-INR liyisilinganiso esijwayelekile esethulwe yi-World Health Organization (WHO). Le ndlela ye-INR yethulwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela ayifani ngenxa yokwehluka okuncane ezindleleni zokuhlola zamalebhu ahlukene, nokuthi wonke umuntu anganikeza incazelo efanayo.

Nazi izigaba ezijwayelekile zemiphumela ye-PT/INR:

• Uma kwenzeka ngemizuzwana: imizuzwana eyi-11 kuya kweyi-13.5.
• Inani le-INR: 0.8 kuya ku-1.1. (Lokhu kungokwabantu abangasebenzisi imithi yokunciphisa igazi njenge-warfarin)
• Uma uthatha i-warfarin, i-INR yakho kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-2.0 no-3.0 . (Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha, i-INR ephezulu noma ephansi ingadingeka. Lokhu kuzonqunywa udokotela wakho.)

Imiphumela ye-PT engavamile

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-PT ephezulu noma i-INR usho ukuthi igazi lakho lithatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuthi lijiye. Uma ungayisebenzisi i-warfarin, lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuthi unesifo sokopha, isifo sokujiya kwegazi, noma inkinga yesibindi. Kungasho nokuthi awunayo i-vitamin K eyanele emzimbeni wakho.

Uma uthatha i-warfarin, inani lakho le-INR lingase lingavamile (liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu) ngezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma ungasebenzisi umthamo ofanele we-warfarin.
• Eminye imithi ongayithatha ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, isibonelo imithi yomkhuhlane kanye nezithasiselo zamavithamini, ingase ihlangane ne-warfarin.
• Okunye ukudla neziphuzo oziphuzayo, njenge-kale, isipinashi, ijusi le-cranberry, kanye notshwala, kungase kuhlangane ne-warfarin.
• Uma umuthi owusebenzisayo wesinye isimo uthinta ukusebenza kahle kwe-warfarin futhi wandisa noma wehlisa i-INR yakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Iningi labantu lingathola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PT/INR zingakapheli amahora ambalwa noma ngosuku. Ukuhlolwa kweminwe kunganikeza imiphumela ngemizuzu embalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isampula yegazi lakho lidinga ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilabhorethri, kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi imiphumela ibuye.

Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?

Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PT kanye ne-PTT ukuze banqume ukuthi bazokwenzenjani ngokulandelayo. Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngokunembile futhi aqale ukwelashwa okufanele kwaso. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PT kungenye yezivivinyo zokuqala zokuhlonza ukuphazamiseka kokopha noma ukuqina kwegazi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kudingeka izivivinyo ezengeziwe.

Uma uthatha i-warfarin, udokotela wakho uzolungisa umthamo wakho ukuze igazi lakho lihlale lijiyile kahle, ngaphandle kwengozi yokujiyileka kwegazi.

Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela wami ucingo?

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani lolu vivinyo lwe-PT, ukuthi ungayithola kanjani imiphumela, noma ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho. Ngenxa yokuthi isimo sabo bonke sihlukile, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza isiqondiso esingcono kakhulu sokuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini ohlelweni lwakho lwezempilo.

Khumbula, uma usikekile futhi uphuma igazi, umzimba wakho wakha ngokushesha ihlule ukuze umise ukuphuma kwegazi bese uqala ukuphola. Uma lokho kungenzeki, odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo lwe-Prothrombin Time (PT) ukuthola ukuthi kungani.

Ngamafuphi, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, nansi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Prothrombin Time (PT/INR) kulinganisa ukuthi igazi lakho liqina ngokushesha kangakanani.
• Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana neWarfarin , kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe kaningi.
• Lokhu kusiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga zokopha, izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, kanye nezinye izifo zesibindi.
• Kungase kudingeke wenze amalungiselelo athile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, okuzotshelwa udokotela ngakho.
• Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, udokotela uzothola imbangela bese enikeza ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela wakho ekucela ukuthi wenze lolu vivinyo lwe-PT/INR, ungesabi. Luwuvivinyo olulula oluzokutshela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke mayelana nokuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi se - prothrombin, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT/INR, ukujiya kwegazi, i-warfarin, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukopha