Ingabe kukhona ukugoba kwegazi emaphashini? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-Pulmonary Embolism (PE)!

Wake wazithola unenkinga yokuphefumula ngokuzumayo futhi wesaba kancane lapho isifuba sakho sibuhlungu? Cishe ubucabanga ukuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kungaba khona imbangela enkulu yalezi zimpawu? Lokho kuwukuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi oholela emaphashini, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) . Lokhu akuyona into engavamile njengoba ungase ucabange. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ngendlela elula kakhulu.

Kuyini i-Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?

Kalula nje, i-pulmonary embolism iyi-blood clot eyakheka emthanjeni wegazi emaphashini akho. Uyazi ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? I-blood clot eyakheka kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho, ngokuvamile emthanjeni osemlenzeni noma engalweni yakho , iyaphuma futhi ihambe egazini lakho, ekugcineni ibambeke emaphashini akho. Cabanga ngakho njengokuvaleka komzila wamanzi.

Kwenzekani uma ihlule legazi libhajwa emaphashini kanje?

• Ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini kunqunyelwe.
• Amazinga omoya-mpilo emaphashini ayancipha.
• Umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka emithanjeni yamaphaphu.

Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Uma singelashwa ngokushesha, i-pulmonary embolism ingabangela umonakalo enhliziyweni noma emaphashini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Eqinisweni, kuthiwa cishe abantu abangu-33% abane-pulmonary embolism bafa ngaphambi kokuba baxilongwe futhi belashwe. Ngakho-ke ungabona ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi kangakanani, akunjalo?

Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa ngendlela efanele futhi ngokushesha, lesi simo asivamile ukuba sibulale.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu (i-Pulmonary Embolism) kuvame kangakanani. Eqinisweni, lesi ngesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ezibonakala emhlabeni wonke. Eqinisweni, yisimo sesithathu esivame kakhulu ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Cabanga nje, ezweni elifana neMelika kuphela, abantu ababalelwa ku-900,000 bathola lesi simo (PE) minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele singayinaki, akunjalo?

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-pulmonary embolism zivame ukuba ukuphelelwa umoya kanye nobuhlungu besifuba . Lobuhlungu bungase bube bubi kakhulu uma uzivocavoca noma uphefumula ngokujulile.

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. I-pulmonary embolism iyisimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa ingelashwa kahle. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa.

Izimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism zingahluka kuye ngokuthi ihlule legazi liqine kangakanani. Abantu abaningi banezimpawu, kodwa abanye bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo - Lokhu kungenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza noma uphumule.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ukuphefumula kuwumsindo wokukhala kwekhwela lapho uphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu obubukhali obungachazeki esifubeni, engalweni, emhlane, ehlombe, entanyeni, noma emhlathini . Lobuhlungu bungafana nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi bungaba bubi nakakhulu uma uphefumula.
• Ukukhwehlela - kungase kube ne-phlegm enegazi.
• Isikhumba esimpunga, ukujuluka, isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (i-Pulse).
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile.
• Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nokungaphumuli, isiyezi, ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Umuntu angaba nalokhu isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kwezimpawu?

Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezincane kakhulu ekuqaleni. Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhule kancane kancane ngemva kwezinsuku noma amasonto. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu ziyanda kancane kancane futhi zize ekuqapheleni kwakho. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye, izimpawu zingase zivele ngemizuzu, ngisho nemizuzwana, ye-pulmonary embolism. Ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu (i-Pulmonary Embolism) kwenzeka kanjani, okungukuthi, yiziphi izimbangela zalokhu. Imbangela eyinhloko ihlule legazi elakheka emthanjeni kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni noma ezingalweni, liphuke lapho, lihambe egazini bese libhajwa emaphashini. Lapho amahlule egazi akheka ezindaweni ezifana nemilenze, sikubiza ngokuthi (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis) noma (i-DVT) .

Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko ezenza ukuthi amahlule egazi akheke:

• Ukuqoqwa noma "ukuhlanganiswa" kwegazi endaweni eyodwa yomzimba (ngokuvamile ingalo noma umlenze). Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ngemva kokuhlala isikhathi eside embhedeni, noma ngemva kohambo olude (ngemoto, isitimela, indiza). Cabanga ngakho, uma uhleli endaweni efanayo amahora amaningi, ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho kuyavaleka kancane, akunjalo? Yilapho ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi ikhula khona.
• Ukulimala komthambo wegazi, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuphuka noma ukuhlinzwa (ikakhulukazi inqulu, idolo, noma umlenze).
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi – izimo ezifana (nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa yi-congestive), (i-Atrial fibrillation), ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
• Izinguquko ezicini zakho zokujiya kwegazi. Lezi zici zokujiya kwegazi zingase zande kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, noma kubantu abathatha ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone, noma kwabanye abantu abathatha amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo. Futhi, abantu abanezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi basengozini.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lokhu (i-Pulmonary Embolism), okungukuthi, ubani osengozini. Kunemikhuba ethile, izifo ezithile, noma izimo ezithile ezandisa le ngozi.

• Kulabo abanegazi eliqhekekile emlenzeni, okungukuthi, i-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).
• Kulabo abangakwazi ukuma isikhathi eside, njengalapho behamba ngemoto, isitimela, noma indiza (isb., uhambo olude ngemoto oluya ezweni).
• Labo abasanda kulimala noma ukulimala komthambo wegazi ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, ukuphuka, noma isimo esifana nemithambo yegazi ephukile.
• Labo abasebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezisekelwe kuma-hormone (njengezipilisi zokuvimbela inzalo, ama-patches, ama-ring) noma ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone.
• Kubantu abanenkinga yokujiya kwegazi.
• Kulabo abanomlando womndeni wamahlule egazi.
• Kulabo ababhemayo njengamanje.
• Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
• Kulabo abahlushwa umdlavuza.
• Kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala.
• Kulabo abanomlando wokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi.
• Kulabo abane-Body Mass Index (BMI) engaphezu kuka-25, okungukuthi, abakhuluphele ngokweqile, noma kulabo abane-BMI engaphezu kuka-30, okungukuthi, abakhuluphele ngokweqile.
• Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma labo abangakapheli amasonto ayisithupha bebelethile.
• Kulabo abane-catheter yemithambo ephakathi efakwe ngomthambo engalweni noma emlenzeni.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zici eziyingozi, futhi uke waba ne-blood clot ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-PE.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

I-Pulmonary Embolism ingabangela izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• I-Cyanosis - Lokhu ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Isifo sohlangothi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu - Lokhu kusho ukwanda kwengcindezi emithanjeni yegazi yamaphaphu.
• Ukushaqeka.
• Ukufa kwezicubu zamaphaphu - Lokhu ukufa kwezicubu zamaphaphu.

Lezi yizimo ezibucayi ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwe-PE.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Kulungile, uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uhlonza kanjani i-pulmonary embolism? Babheka izimpawu zakho, izici zakho eziyingozi, bese benza izivivinyo ezimbalwa.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi - Phakathi kwalokhu , ukuhlolwa kwe-D-dimer kubalulekile.
• I-computed tomography (CT) angiogram - Lokhu kuyi-CT scan ekhethekile ebheka amahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi yamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwemilenze. - Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola i-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) emilenzeni. Yilapho ihlule lingahamba khona liye emaphashini.
• I-VQ scan - Uma ungakwazi ukuthola izinto zokuhlukanisa ezidingekayo kwi-CT scan, lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola amahlule egazi emaphashini.
• I-pulse oximeter (i-pulse ox)- Idivayisi enamathisela umunwe wakho futhi ilinganise amazinga omoya-mpilo.
• I-Echocardiogram - Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo:

• I-angiogram yamaphaphu.
• I-X-ray yesifuba.

Ukwelashwa kanjani? (Ukwelashwa)

Lokhu (i-Pulmonary Embolism) kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile kwelashwa esibhedlela. Isimo sakho singaqashelwa eduze. Ubude besikhathi ohlala ngaso esibhedlela buxhomeke ebunzimeni be-clot yegazi. Kunezikhathi lapho abanye abantu bengadingi ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-pulmonary embolism imithi yokunciphisa igazi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-anticoagulants .

Kuye ngokuthi ihlule legazi lingakanani kanye nomthelela walo kwezinye izitho zomzimba, njengenhliziyo yakho, ungase welashwe ngokwelashwa nge-thrombolytic (ukwelashwa kokuncibilikisa ihlule legazi), ukuhlinzwa, noma ezinye izinqubo zokungenelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi yamaphaphu.

Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala kwamalunga

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kunikezwa njengemithi yokuvimbela ukuvuza kwegazi, okungukuthi, imithi yokunciphisa igazi . Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa ikhono legazi lakho lokujiya. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi amasha futhi kuvimbele amahlule akhona ukuthi abe makhulu.

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi uwuthatha kanjani futhi nini lo muthi (i-anticoagulant), nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Uhlobo lomuthi owunikezwayo, ukuthi udinga ukuwuthatha isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokulandelela okudingeka uzenze kuzoncika ekuxilongweni kwakho. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela wakho kanye nelebhu nsuku zonke. Ngaleyo ndlela, bangabona ukuthi usabela kanjani kulo muthi. Ngesikhathi uthatha (i-anticoagulant), kuzodingeka futhi ube nokuhlolwa kwegazi njalo (njengokuhlolwa kwesikhathi se-prothrombin ) ukuze ubone ukuthi igazi lakho liqina ngokushesha kangakanani.

Amasokisi okucindezela

Lawa aluhlobo olukhethekile lwamasokisi. Lawa masokisi athuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wababona abantu abane-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) bewasebenzisa. Kufanele uwasebenzise njengoba udokotela wakho emyalile. Lawa ngokuvamile amasokisi afinyelela emadolweni. Asiza ekugcineni imilenze yakho iqinile futhi avimbele igazi ukuthi lingahlangani. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi uwasebenzisa kanjani la masokisi, ukuthi uwagqoke isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi uwageza kanjani futhi uwagcine ehlanzekile.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (Izinqubo)

Uma i-pulmonary embolism isongela impilo, noma uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa noma i-catheter ukuze kususwe i-blood clot emthanjeni wamaphaphu. Ukwelashwa nge-Thrombolytic kungenye indlela. Lokhu kuhilela ukukunika "ama-clot busters" (imithi encibilikisa ama-blood clots) . Isibonelo salokhuUmuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA). Lo muthi unikezwa eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo noma eYunithini Yokunakekela Okujulile (ICU) yesibhedlela futhi uqashwe ngokucophelela. Lo muthi unganikezwa uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphansi noma uma isimo sakho singazinzile ngenxa ye-pulmonary embolism.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akuncome isihlungi se-vena cava . Lolu uhlobo lwesihlungi olufakwa emthanjeni omkhulu emzimbeni. Uma lokhu kufakwa, amahlule egazi ayabanjwa kulesi sihlungi ngaphambi kokuba aye emaphashini.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa

Ukopha kungenye yemiphumela emibi eyinhloko yemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-pulmonary embolism. Yingakho odokotela bezokunikeza umthamo ofanele we-anticoagulant noma i-thrombolytic yesimo sakho. Kulula futhi ngabo ukuqapha isimo sakho ngenkathi usesibhedlela.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono cishe phakathi nesonto elilodwa uqale ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukululama ngokuphelele ekushayweni yi-pulmonary embolism.

Ngoba lapho imithambo yegazi emaphashini ivalekile, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi elivalekile lenza injini izwakale icindezelekile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngemva kwe-PE, kuthatha izinyanga ukuthi elinye lamakamelo enhliziyo libuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngabo ukusebenza kanzima njengoba babevame ukwenza.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa? (Ukuvimbela)

Yebo, ungasiza ekuvimbeleni lokhu ngezinga elikhulu. Ukuze uvimbele i-pulmonary embolism, yenza lezi zinto:

• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Uma ungakwazi ukuhamba, nyakazisa izingalo, imilenze, nezinyawo imizuzu embalwa njalo ngehora. Uma wazi ukuthi uzohlala noma ume isikhathi eside, gqoka amasokisi okucindezela ukuze uthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi, kodwa nciphisa utshwala ne-caffeine.
• Ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Ungaweqi imilenze yakho.
• Ungagqoki izingubo eziqinile.
• Gcina isisindo sakho siphilile.
• Gcina imilenze yakho iphakanyisiwe cishe imizuzu engama-30 kabili ngosuku.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokunciphisa izici zakho eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-blood clot ngaphambili.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nesihlungi se-Vena cava (isihlungi se-Vena cava).

Yini ongayilindela uma une-PE?

Uma ingelashwa, i-pulmonary embolism yisimo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli noma ukufa. Abanye abantu bafa ngokushesha ngemva kwe-pulmonary embolism, noma phakathi namahora ambalwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba udokotela akwazi ngisho nokuxilonga lesi simo.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu, usengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa ye-PE. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuthwebula izithombe, i-pulmonary embolism ibulala kuphela kubantu abayi-1% kuya kwabayi-3%.

Ngokwelashwa, ukubikezela kwakho kuncike kubukhulu behlule legazi, ukuvaleka kwalo, impilo yakho iyonke, nokuthi inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi kahle kangakanani ukupompa igazi.

Ingabe i-PE izophela ngokuphelele?

Kungathatha izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukuthi i-pulmonary embolism iphele ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-PE aphindaphindwayo angaholela esimweni esingamahlalakhona esibizwa ngokuthi i-chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) .

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ungayeki ukuyithatha kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala. Ngesikhathi uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, qaphela ngangokunokwenzeka ngemisebenzi engabangela ukulimala nokopha.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho kokulandelela bese ulandela iseluleko sabo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba ne-PE enye. Bangase basikisele izinto ezifana nokuyeka ukubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba okwengeziwe, nokushintsha imikhuba yakho yokudla.

Yiya ku-aphoyintimenti ngayinye nodokotela kanye nelebhu ukuze ubone ukuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni okunqunyiwe.

Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile noma wesaba ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-PE, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akhulume nomeluleki. Kuzokusiza.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Bona udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela. Tshela udokotela wakho uma indle yakho imnyama, unekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma unesilonda esikhula kakhulu ngenkathi uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokopha kwangaphakathi.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu ze-Pulmonary Embolism (okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni), funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ungalibali.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho:

• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Kudingeka ngithathe isikhathi esingakanani umuthi onginike wona?
• Ukuhlolwa kwami ​​okulandelayo kokulandelela kunini?

Ngemva kwe-pulmonary embolism, ungathola ukuthi impilo yakho ngeke iphinde ifane. Kubalulekile ukwamukela lokho. Abanye bangase bangaqondi ukuthi wesaba ukuthi kuzophinde kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke kungaba usizo ukukhuluma ngokwesaba kwakho neqembu lokusekela noma umeluleki. Yilwa nokwesaba kwakho futhi uqhubeke nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, okuhlanganisa nokuthatha imithi abayinikezayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Pulmonary Embolism ingenzeka ngokuzumayo,Kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, okungenzeka sisongela impilo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi futhi ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ungalulama ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba, ungazithathi kalula. Bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulabo abanezici eziyingozi ukuzama ukuzinciphisa. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

` I-Pulmonary Embolism, i-PE, I-Lung Blood Clot, Ukuphelelwa Ukuphefumula, Ubuhlungu Besifuba, i-DVT, Ama-Blood Clot, Imithi Yokunciphisa Igazi, Ama-Anticoagulant