Uphefumula futhi uphuma njengamanje, akunjalo? Kwenzeka singaqapheli, ngakho asikaze sicabange kakhulu ngakho. Kodwa le nto emangalisayo yenzeka kanjani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuma umzuzwana? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlelo olukhulu emzimbeni wethu olusisiza ukwenza lokhu, uhlelo lokuphefumula. Lokhu kufana nenjini enikeza impilo emizimbeni yethu. Ake sizame ukuqonda ukuthi le njini isebenza kanjani ngendlela elula.
Iyini le ndlela yokuphefumula?
Kalula nje, uhlelo lokuphefumula luyiqoqo lezitho zomzimba nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ezikusiza ukuphefumula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaphaphu akho, ikhala, umlomo, kanye namapayipi axhumanisa wona (izindlela zomoya). Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nemisipha esekela lolu hlelo, imithambo yegazi, kanye nezimbambo ezivikela konke lokhu nakho kuyingxenye yalolu hlelo. Konke lokhu kusebenza ndawonye ukuze kuthathwe umoya-mpilo esiwudingayo lapho siphefumula futhi kukhishwe i-carbon dioxide esingayidingi lapho siphefumula.
Yiziphi izinsizakalo eziyinhloko esizinikezwa uhlelo lokuphefumula?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko walolu hlelo ukungenisa umoya-mpilo odingwa amangqamuzana emizimba yethu nokukhipha i-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlelo lwenza nomunye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi luyini.
| Umsebenzi owenziwayo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukufudumala nokufaka umswakama emoyeni | Umoya esiwuphefumulayo uyashiswa ukuze uvumelane nokushisa komzimba wethu. Futhi wenza lowo moya ube manzi ezingeni lomswakama umzimba wethu owudingayo. |
| Ukuvikela umzimba | Kuvimbela izinto eziyingozi njengamagciwane nezinhlayiya zothuli ezingena emzimbeni lapho siphefumula. Uma izinto ezinjalo zingena, kuyasiza futhi ukuzikhipha ngokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula. |
| Ukuvumela ukukhuluma | Uma sikhuluma, umoya ovela emaphashini ethu ushaya izintambo zezwi emphinjeni wethu. Lokho kudlidliza yikho okukhiqiza umsindo. |
| Ukusiza ngomuzwa wokuhogela | Uma siphefumula, izinhlayiya zephunga emoyeni zithinta inzwa yokuhogela phezulu ekhaleni lethu. Leyo nzwa ithumela umlayezo ebuchosheni, okuyikho okusivumela ukuthi sinuke okuthile. |
| Ukulawula ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomzimba | Uma i-carbon dioxide egazini lethu ikhuphuka, i-asidi egazini iyanda. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo lusiza ekususeni i-carbon dioxide engadingekile futhi lugcine i-pH yegazi lethu isezingeni elifanele. |
Yiziphi izingxenye zesimiso sethu sokuphefumula?
Iqhawe eliyinhloko lalesi simiso amaphaphu ethu. Kodwa ukuze senze lo msebenzi kahle, ezinye izingxenye eziningi kudingeka zisebenzisane. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Isitho/ingxenye | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Impumulo kanye nomgodi wekhala | Umnyango oyinhloko lapho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni. |
| Umlomo kanye nomlomo | Umnyango wesibili wokungena komoya. |
| Ama-sinuses | Izimbobo ezingenalutho ngemuva kwezihlathi kanye nebunzi. Zisiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama womoya. |
| Umphimbo (Pharynx) | Indlela lapho umoya ovela ekhaleni nasemlonyeni uhamba khona uye emaphashini. |
| Ibhokisi Lezwi (I-Larynx) | Izintambo zezwi ezisisiza ukukhuluma zitholakala lapha. |
| I-Trachea | Ipayipi eliyinhloko elithwala umoya usuka emphinjeni uye emaphashini. |
| I-Bronchi | Imigudu emikhulu yomoya ehlukanisa i-trachea ibe yizibili futhi ithwale umoya uye emaphashini. |
| Amaphaphu | Isikhungo esiyinhloko sokushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. |
| I-Diaphragm | Imisipha engaphansi kwamaphaphu isiza ukulawula inqubo yokuphefumula. |
Lolu hlelo lungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: indlela yokuphefumula ephezulu kanye nendlela yokuphefumula engezansi . Izingxenye ezifana nekhala, ama-sinuses, nomphimbo zingezomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, kanti i-trachea, i-bronchi, namaphaphu zingezomgudu wokuphefumula ophansi.
Lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani? Indaba emangalisayo!
I-oksijini ibalulekile kumaseli emzimbeni wethu ukuze akhiqize amandla. Uma la mandla ekhiqizwa, i-carbon dioxide ikhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Uma le carbon dioxide inqwabelana ngokweqile emzimbeni, iyasilimaza. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lokuphefumula ukushintshanisa la magesi amabili. Ukuze senze lo msebenzi, uhlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi, okungukuthi, inhliziyo, igazi, nemithambo yegazi, kusebenza ndawonye.
Cabanga ukuthi izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo zifana nezigidi zabagibeli endizeni.
Uma uphefumula, i-diaphragm yakho iyehla. Lokhu kwandisa isikhala esifubeni sakho, futhi umoya (kanye nabagibeli bawo abathwala umoya-mpilo) udonswa emaphashini akho. Lo moya ungena ngekhala lakho noma ngomlomo, wehle nge-trachea yakho, wehle nge-bronchi yakho, futhi, njengendlela yokugijima esikhumulweni sezindiza, ungene ezikhwameni zomoya ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli emaphashini akho. Lezi zifana namasango esikhumulo sezindiza.
Yilapho umsebenzi wangempela wenziwa khona. Labo bagibeli abanomphunga womoya bagxumela emithanjeni yegazi emihle kakhulu (ama-capillary) azungeze lawa ma-air sac. Kufana netekisi eliza lizolanda umgibeli osanda kuphuma esangweni lesikhumulo sezindiza. Leli tekisi liyigazi lethu. Bese, leli gazi elinomphunga womoya liya kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni bese lisabalalisa umoya womoya.
Kwenzekani-ke nge-carbon dioxide?
Ngemva kokuba amangqamuzana esebenzisa umoya-mpilo ukwenza amandla, akhiqiza i-carbon dioxide njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Ngemva kwalokho umgibeli we-oxygen ehlile etekisini, umgibeli obizwa ngokuthi i-carbon dioxide ugibela itekisi efanayo. Bese lelo gazi libuyela emaphashini, lapho liphonsa khona i-carbon dioxide emasakeni omoya abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli. Uma siphefumula, i-diaphragm iya phezulu, inciphise isikhala esingaphakathi kwesifuba. Bese umoya uphushwa emaphashini, uthathe umgibeli we-carbon dioxide.
Phakathi nale nqubo, izinwele ezincane (i-cilia) kanye ne-mucus emgudwini wethu wokuphefumula kuhlunga uthuli namagciwane angena. Zisebenza njengemishanelo emincane eshanela imigwaqo.
Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta uhlelo lokuphefumula?
Ngeshwa, kunezimo eziningi ezingathinta lesi simiso esibalulekile. Lezi zimo zingabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nentuthu kanye nothuli emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo. Ezinye izifo zingabangelwa izici zofuzo.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Isingeniso esifushane |
|---|---|
| I-rhinitis ye-allergy | Izimo ezifana ne-asthma ezibangelwa ukungezwani nezinto ezifana ne-pollen, uthuli, kanye ne-dander yezilwane. |
| Izifo zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona | Izifo zesikhathi eside ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu), kanye ne-Cystic Fibrosis. |
| Izifo zokuphefumula | Izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu njenge-influenza kanye nomkhuhlane, kanye nezifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ophansi njenge-pneumonia. |
| Ukuvuvukala | Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya ngenxa yokutheleleka. Izibonelo: I-Bronchitis, i-Sinusitis. |
| Ukusha kwamaphaphu (isifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi) | Izifo ezifana ne-Pulmonary Fibrosis zibangela izibazi ezihlala njalo kanye nokuqina kwamaphaphu. |
| Ukuvinjelwa komoya | Ukuvaleka komgudu womoya ngenxa yento yangaphandle, isimila esinomdlavuza noma esingesona umdlavuza. |
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele sikhathazeke ngazo?
Uma unenkinga ngohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula, ungase ube nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya (i-dyspnea)
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukwenza umsindo othi 'cheese-cheese' uma uphefumula (uphefumula kanzima)
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina
- Umkhuhlane ovamile
- Ukopha nge-mucus
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wezindebe, isikhumba noma izinzipho (i-cyanosis) - Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Uma kudingeka, kufanele uthunyelwe e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit).
Sigcina kanjani uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula luphilile?
Sonke kufanele silwele ukugcina lesi simiso esibalulekile kukho konke ukuphila kwethu. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze senze lokho.
1. Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema ugwayi noma i-vaping kuwumonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ongawenza emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungabangela izifo eziningi ezimbi, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza.
2. Gwema ukuhogela izinto eziyingozi. Gwema intuthu esetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu, amakhemikhali, kanye nezindawo ezinothuli ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ubhekene nalezi zinto emsebenzini wakho, gqoka imaski efanele.
3. Phuza amanzi amaningi. Uma uphuza inani elidingekayo lamanzi usuku lonke, i-mucus emaphashini akho iba mncane futhi ingaphuma kalula.
4. Vivinya umzimba njalo.Uma sizivocavoca, imisipha emaphashini ethu iyaqina, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuphefumula kwethu kuyakhula.
5. Zivikele ezifweni. Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi kahle. Thola imijovo yezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane ngesikhathi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma ukhwehlela njalo, uphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile, sicela ubonane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Izifo eziningi zokuphefumula, uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi, zingalawulwa futhi zelashwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke nakekela umzimba wakho njalo.
Phefumula ngaphakathi. Phefumula ngaphandle. Le nqubo elula iyimpilo yethu. Isisiza ukuhogela, ukukhuluma, ukucula. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, iletha umoya-mpilo onika ukuphila emangqamuzaneni ethu. Ngakho-ke nakekela lesi simiso esimangalisayo. Uma kukhona inkinga, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha. Khona-ke uzokwazi ukuphefumula kalula.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula luyisimiso esimangalisayo esithatha umoya-mpilo, obalulekile ekuphileni, futhi sikhiphe i-carbon dioxide engafuneki.
- Leli iqoqo eliyinkimbinkimbi lezitho zomzimba elisukela ekhaleni liye ezingxenyeni ezijulile zamaphaphu.
- Ukubhema kuyisitha esikhulu salolu hlelo. Ngokukugwema, izifo eziningi zingavinjelwa.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukugwema ukungcola) kungavikela impilo yesimiso sokuphefumula.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu.
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