Wake wambona umuntu osegunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) exhunywe emshinini ukuze amsize aphefumule? Noma wake wambona umntwana omncane olethwe esibhedlela ene-asthma enzima enikezwa imithi nge-nebulizer? Ezimweni ezinjalo, kukhona uchwepheshe wezempilo othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ekusizeni amaphaphu ethu kanye nenqubo yokuphefumula. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalowo chwepheshe. Lowo nguchwepheshe wokuphefumula, noma njengoba besho ngesiNgisi, 'uMphilisi Wokuphefumula' (RT).
Ubani lo Mphilisi Wokuphefumula?
Kalula nje, uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ophefumulayo unguchwepheshe wezempilo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile osiza ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni, nasekuphatheni izinkinga ezihlobene namaphaphu akho kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula.
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, kukhona udokotela wenhliziyo. Uma unenkinga yezinso, kukhona nodokotela wezinso. Ngokufanayo, uchwepheshe wokuphefumula ngumuntu onolwazi olujulile nokuqeqeshwa ohlelweni lokuphefumula, okungukuthi, amaphaphu ethu kanye ne-trachea.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, laba bantu ababona odokotela. Kodwa basebenza njengeqembu nodokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze bakunikeze uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, bangochwepheshe bezinhlelo zokuphefumula.
Ungase uhlangane nalaba bantu ewadini lesibhedlela, egunjini lokunakekela abagula kakhulu (ICU), egunjini lokwelashwa okuphuthumayo (ETU), emtholampilo weziguli ezingalaliswa esibhedlela, noma ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nalapho befika ekhaya lakho bezokwelashwa.
Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-respirator?
Indima yalaba bantu ibanzi kakhulu. Lokho abakwenzayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sesiguli. Ake sibheke izinto eziyinhloko abazenzayo.
| Umsebenzi | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wephaphu | Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ungawuthatha futhi uwukhiphe umoya ongakanani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne-asthma. |
| Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen | Ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen njengoba kudingeka ezigulini ezinezinga eliphansi le-oxygen egazini kanye nokuqapha amazinga njalo. |
| Umoya Wokusebenza Ngomshini | Ukusebenzisa ama-ventilator, ukuwalungisa ngokwezidingo zesiguli, kanye nokuqapha isimo sesiguli kuyimisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enomthwalo wemfanelo. |
| Ukuphathwa Kwemigwaqo Yomoya | Esimweni esiphuthumayo, uma indlela yokuphefumula yesiguli ivaliwe, thatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuyivula kabusha. Isibonelo, ukusiza udokotela ngezinto ezifana nokufaka ipayipi (intubation). |
| Ukususwa Kwe-Mucus | Ukusiza iziguli ezine-phlegm emaphashini azo ukuyikhipha kusetshenziswa amasu nemishini ekhethekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nokucindezela isifuba. |
| Ukunikeza umuthi | Baletha imithi ohlelweni lokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngama-inhaler nama-nebulizer, ngesilinganiso esifanele, futhi bafundisa iziguli indlela yokusebenzisa i-inhaler ngendlela efanele. |
| Imfundo yesiguli kanye nokuvuselelwa | Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-COPD kanye ne-asthma bafundiswa indlela yokuphila nalesi sifo, indlela yokwenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula, kanye nendlela yokuphatha lesi sifo. |
Luhlobo luni lwezifo laba bantu abalutholayo usizo?
Njenganoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha esithinta ukuphefumula, usizo lochwepheshe wezokwelapha ukuphefumula lungadingeka. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo.
- Isifuba somoya:Ukufundisa iziguli ezine-asthma ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani kahle i-inhaler kanye nokunikeza ukwelashwa okufana ne-nebulizer uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa okukhulu.
- Isifo Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD): Lesi yisifo esivamile phakathi kwababhemayo. Lezi ziguli zifundiswa ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula, ukwelashwa nge-oxygen, kanye nendlela yokuphatha lesi sifo.
- I-pneumonia: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-pneumonia, nikeza isiguli umoya-mpilo, xhuma kumshini wokuphefumula uma kudingeka, futhi usize ekususeni amafinyila.
- I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila. Amaphaphu alimele kakhulu. Kungumsebenzi omkhulu ukuthi laba ziguli banikezwe ukwesekwa okukhethekile kokuphefumula ngemishini yokuphefumula.
- I-Cystic Fibrosis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Kulokhu, ungqimba olukhulu lwe-mucus luqongelela emaphashini. Izindlela ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa ukususa leyo mucus.
- Ukuphelelwa Yisikhathi Sokulala: Ukufundisa iziguli eziyeka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi zilele ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani kahle imishini efana ne-CPAP.
- Ukulimala Esifubeni: Ukunikeza ukwesekwa kokuphefumula lapho ukuphefumula kungenzeki ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu esifubeni.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, i-anesthesia ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukusiza amaphaphu ukuba alulame.
Ngaphezu kwalolu hlu, izinsizakalo zochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuphefumula zibalulekile kunoma ubani onezinkinga zokuphefumula, kusukela ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa kuya kwasebekhulile.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela wezifo zokuphefumula?
Ngokuvamile, awukwazi ukuya ngqo kudokotela wezifo zokuphefumula. Udokotela okuxilongayo uzobuyekeza izimpawu zakho nemiphumela yokuhlolwa bese enquma ukuthi udinga usizo lodokotela wezifo zokuphefumula. Udokotela uzobe esekudlulisela kuye.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zibangele udokotela ukuthi akuthumele kudokotela wezifo zokuphefumula?
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukopha nge-mucus
- Ukuphefumula (ukukhala kwekhwela kuzwakala sengathi "ushizi-ushizi") lapho uphefumula
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukushoda kokuphefumula
- Ukuzwa ukuqina noma ukucindezeleka esifubeni
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ukuba nokukhubazeka ekuhlolweni kwe-X-ray
- Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini
Khumbula, uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho. Ungaziniki imithi. Udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi akuthumele kochwepheshe abafanele uma kudingeka.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kochwepheshe bezokwelapha izifo zokuphefumula kanye nomhlengikazi?
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadideka ngayo. Njengoba bobabili laba bantu besebenzisana eduze neziguli esibhedlela, kungaba nzima ukuqonda umehluko oqondile.
Umehluko umane nje yilokhu:
- Umhlengikazi: Indima yomhlengikazi ibanzi kakhulu. Bagxila empilweni iyonke yesiguli. Banikeza imithi, bageza umzimba, bondle isiguli, banakekele amanxeba, futhi bahlole inhlalakahle yengqondo yesiguli. Banolwazi futhi ngezifo zokuphefumula, kodwa lokho akuyona indawo yabo yobuchwepheshe.
- Udokotela Wezokwelapha Ukuphefumula: Indima yabo ikhethekile kakhulu. Ukugxila kwabo okugcwele kanye nolwazi lwabo kuseziphashini kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula. Basebenzisa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi ehlobene nohlelo lokuphefumula, benza izivivinyo ezikhethekile, futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okuqondiwe.
Cabanga ngomekhenikha. Kukhona umekhenikha ojwayelekile owazi okuncane ngakho konke emotweni. Bese kuba nomuntu ogxile enjinini yemoto kuphela. Yilowo umehluko. Umhlengikazi ngumuntu onakekela inhlalakahle iyonke yesiguli, kanti uchwepheshe wokuphefumula ngumuntu ogxile ezinkingeni zamaphaphu. Bobabili laba bantu banikeza isiguli isevisi ebalulekile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Udokotela Wezokwelapha Ophefumulayo akayena udokotela, kodwa unguchwepheshe wezempilo obalulekile oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ezinkingeni zamaphaphu nezokuphefumula.
- Basebenza njengeqembu nodokotela nabahlengikazi ukuvikela impilo yakho yokuphefumula.
- Inkonzo yabo ibaluleke kakhulu ezifweni ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, i-pneumonia, kanye nasegumbini lokunakekelwa okujulile.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma umkhuhlane, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela wakho.
- Uma udokotela wakho ekuthumelela kudokotela wezifo zokuphefumula, bazokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise isimo sakho. Ungesabi ukubabuza imibuzo bese wabelana ngezinto ezikukhathazayo.
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