Izinto okudingeka uzazi nge-RhO [D] Antibody Vaccine (RhO [D] Immune Globulin)!

Uma uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-'Rh` negative' kanti uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana wakho ongakazalwa luyi-'Rh` positive', noma uma kwenzeka kudingeka ukuthi umpontshelwe igazi eliyi-'Rh` positive', udokotela wakho angakutshela ngomuthi okhethekile, umjovo. Lowo umjovo obizwa ngokuthi i-'RhO [D] Immune Globulin'. Nakuba igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, lo muthi ubaluleke kakhulu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa , ngamazwi alula, akunjalo?

Iyini le RhO [D] Immune Globulin?

Kalula nje, lo umuthi wokugomela oqukethe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody. Lawa ma-antibodies enzelwe ukusebenza ngokumelene ne-antigen ebizwa ngokuthi i-RhO [D]. Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu. Kodwa okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ama-antibodies anikezwa ngaphandle avimbela imizimba yethu ekukhiqizeni amanye ama-antibodies ayingozi. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa ukuvikela abantu abangenayo i-Rh ekuzweleni amaseli egazi ane-Rh positive.

Lo mjovo udingeka nini?

Lo muthi wokugomela ubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni eziningana eziyinhloko.

1. Umama ongenayo i-Rh kanye nengane ene-Rh

Lokhu kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokusebenzisa lo muthi wokugoma. Cabanga nje, uhlobo lwegazi lukamama alunawo u-'Rh'. Lokho kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kamama awanawo u-'Rh' okhethekile. Kodwa uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana esibelethweni lunawo u-'Rh' omuhle. Lokho kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana anawo u-'Rh' onjalo.

Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, noma ngesinye isizathu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okufana ne-amniocentesis), amanye amangqamuzana egazi engane ane-Rh angangena ohlelweni lwegazi lukamama olune-Rh-negative. Okwenzekayo ukuthi umzimba kamama uyawabona lawa maseli ane-Rh-positive engane "njengawangaphandle" bese uqala ukwenza ama-antibodies (ama-anti-RhD antibodies) ngokumelene nawo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela kwe-Rh.

Lokhu ngokuvamile akunawo umthelela omkhulu enganeni yokuqala ene-'Rh' positive. Ngoba ngesikhathi lawo ma-antibodies ekhiwa, ingane ingazalwa. Kodwa-ke, inkinga itholakala ekukhulelweni okulandelayo. Uma umama ezala enye ingane ene-'Rh' positive, lawo ma-antibodies akhiwe ngaphambilini awela i-placenta bese eqala ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane entsha. Lokhu kungabangela i-anemia, i-jaundice, futhi kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nokufa enganeni. Ukuze kuvinjelwe leso simo esiyingozi, omama abane-'Rh' abangenayo banikezwa lo muthi wokugomela i-'RhO [D] Immune Globulin' ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (cishe amasonto angama-28) nangemva kokubeletha (uma ingane ine-'Rh' positive). Lo muthi wokugomela uvimba umzimba kamama ekukhiqizeni lawo ma-antibodies ayingozi.

2. I-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Lesi esinye isimo esikhethekile. `ITP`, kafushane nje, yisifo lapho ama-platelet (amangqamuzana asiza ekumiseni ukopha nokujiya kwegazi) egazini lethu ehla khona ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kulesi simo, lo muthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` usiza ukwandisa inani lama-platelet kwezinye iziguli ezine-`Rh` positive `(ITP)`. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunikezwa yisiguli ngasinye se-`ITP`, kunqunywa udokotela.

3. Uma umuntu one-Rh negative enikwa igazi eline-Rh positive

Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma umuntu ongenayo i-Rh` ethola igazi elingenayo i-Rh` (isb. engozini, ngephutha), umzimba walowo muntu ungase uqale ukwenza ama-antibodies ngokumelene namaseli e-Rh` positive, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Lo muthi wokugoma usetshenziselwa futhi ukuvimbela lokho.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu eziyinhloko, lo muthi wokugoma ungasetshenziswa nakwezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Yiziphi izinto okudingeka uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola lo muthi wokugomela?

Ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe lo muthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ithimba lezokwelapha laziswe ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo sakho sempilo. Ngoba lolo lwazi luzonquma ukuthi lo muthi ukufanele yini noma cha, nokuthi kufanele unikezwe kanjani. Nazi izinto okumele zishiwo:

• Uma unezinkinga zokopha (njenge-hemophilia).
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuqinisekisile ukuthi umzimba wakho unamazinga aphansi e-antibody immunoglobulin A (Immunoglobulin A noma IgA) .
• Uma ungenayo i-spleen (isibonelo, uma isusiwe ngokuhlinzwa).
• Uma wake waba nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba ne-immune globulin yomuntu , noma yimuphi omunye umuthi, ukudla, udayi, noma izithasiselo, noma ngabe kuyinto encane, sicela usitshele.
• Uma ukhulelwe njengamanje noma uzama ukukhulelwa .
• Uma ungumama oncelisayo .

Uma lezi zinto zishiwo kahle, udokotela angakwelapha ngokuphephile.

Uzonikezwa kanjani lo muthi wokugoma?

Lo muthi, obizwa ngokuthi i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`, unikezwa njengomjovo. Unganikezwa njengomjovo `wesijovo esicutshini` (isibonelo, engalweni noma esinqeni) noma ngqo emthanjeni (umjovo ocutshini) . Indlela onikezwa ngayo incike esimweni sakho kanye negama lomkhiqizo lomuthi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi wokugoma unikezwa kuphela uchwepheshe wezokwelapha oqeqeshiwe, esibhedlela noma emtholampilo . Ngeke uvunyelwe ukuwuthatha uwuyise ekhaya uwuthathe.

Ingabe lokhu nikunikeza izingane?

Njengoba kushiwo kulesi sihloko, lo muthi awuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni okwamanje, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wezingane mayelana nokuwusebenzisa enganeni encane.

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuza umuthi omningi kakhulu? (Umthamo oweqile)

Uma ucabanga noma usola ukuthi usuthathe lo muthi omningi kakhulu, shayela ngokushesha isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi esiseduze noma igumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Lokhu kungokwakho nje!

Lo muthi unikezwe wena kuphela. Ungawubelani nabanye abantu, noma ngabe banezimpawu ezifanayo nezakho.

Wenzani uma uphuthelwa usuku lokugoma oluhleliwe?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha lo muthi ngesikhathi esibekiwe, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, ungesabi futhi ushayele udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezempilo ngokushesha. Bazokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ngokulandelayo.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezingadala ukusebenzisana nalo muthi wokugoma?

Eminye imithi ingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwalo muthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma lokhu kokubili kusetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​umphumela womunye ungancipha, wande, noma kungaba nemiphumela emibi.

• Imijovo yegciwane eliphilayo: Lena yinto eyinhloko okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Le `RhO [D] Immune Globulin` ingasebenzisana nemijovo equkethe amagciwane aphilayo njenge-measles, i-mumps, ne-rubella. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuthola lo muthi wokugomela we-`RhO [D]`, ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa ukuthola imijovo yegciwane eliphilayo cishe izinyanga ezi-3. Uma kufanele uthole umuthi wokugomela onjalo, tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi uwutholile lo muthi wokugomela we-`RhO [D]`.

Lolu hlu alufaki konke ukuxhumana okungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (eyanikezwa udokotela, ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, eyamakhambi, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo zokudla). Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma ubhema, uphuza utshwala, noma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Izinto okufanele uziqaphele kakhulu uma usebenzisa lo muthi wokugomela:

Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzazi mayelana nalo muthi wokugomela.

Kwenziwe ngegazi lomuntu

"Lo muthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` wenziwe nge- plasma yegazi lomuntu . Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu , kungase kube nengozi yokudlulisela ezinye izifo (isib. amagciwane) ngalokhu. Kodwa-ke, ungakhathazeki ngalokhu. Ngoba abanikeli begazi kanye nezingxenye zegazi ezisetshenziswa ukwenza lo muthi bahlolwa kanzima kakhulu. Futhi, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukususa nokuvimbela amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yokudlulisela izifo iphansi kakhulu."Kodwa-ke, sicela uxoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, okuhlanganisa izingozi nezinzuzo."

Ukungqubuzana nemithi yokugomela igciwane eliphilayo

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma uhlelelwe ukuthola umuthi wokugomela igciwane eliphilayo (isib. umuthi wokugomela i-MMR) zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuthola lo muthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`, qiniseka ukuthi utshela uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-antibodies akulo muthi we-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` angasabela namagciwane akulowo muthi wokugomela futhi akuvimbele ekutholeni isivikelo esiphelele osidingayo emthini wokugomela.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona ngokuthatha lo muthi wokugomela?

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo muthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` ungabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nemiphumela emibi nhlobo.

Imiphumela emibi okufanele uyibike kudokotela wakho ngokushesha:

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha, ngoba zingaba zimbi kakhulu.

• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba `(ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba)`:
• Kuvela amaqhubu esikhumba, afana ne-eczema, futhi ayaluma umzimba wonke.
• Kuvela amabala afana ne-hives.
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi noma umphimbo (lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula).
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula , ukuphefumula kanzima, noma uzizwa ufuthanisekile.
• Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina , noma uma inhliziyo yakho izwa sengathi ishaya ngokushesha.
• Uma amehlo noma isikhumba sakho siba phuzi (i-jaundice) noma umchamo wakho uba mnyama (lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu ngokuzumayo, ukuhlanza, intamo eqinile, ukuzwela ukukhanya (lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zesimo esifana ne-meningitis, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu).
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi, ukuquleka.

Imiphumela emibi evame ukungadingi ukwelashwa, kodwa okufanele ibikwe kudokotela wakho uma iqhubeka noma ikhathaza:

Lokhu kuvame ukuphela phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa uma kuqhubeka noma kukubangela ukungakhululeki, tshela udokotela wakho .

• Umkhuhlane (mhlawumbe nokubanda okuncane).
• Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuqina endaweni yokujova .
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (elincane).
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha .
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele, ukhathele .

Lolu hlu aluyona yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile noma entsha, ungangabazi ukubonisana nodokotela wakho. E-United States, ungabika imiphumela emibi ku-FDA (Food and Drug Administration) ku-1-800-FDA-1088.

Ngingawugcina kanjani lo muthi?

Lokhu kuyinto ongadingi ukukhathazeka ngayo. Ngenxa yokuthi umuthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` unikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, awudingi ukuwuthatha uwuyise ekhaya noma uwugcine. Uzogcinwa ekushiseni okufanele futhi ugcinwe ngokuphephile ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Okokugcina, ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi usuwuqonda kahle umuthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` esikhulume ngawo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi, kulula kakhulu uma usuqonda ukubaluleka kwawo. Ake sibukeze amaphuzu ayinhloko okudingeka siwakhumbule:

• Lo mjovo uyisinyathelo sokuphepha esibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi komama abangenayo i-Rh abalindele umntwana one-Rh, ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezinkulu ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi esizayo.
• Lo muthi wokugomela uwusizo nakwezinye izimo ezifana ne-`Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)` kanye nasezimweni zokumpontshelwa igazi okungahambisani ne-`Rh`.
• Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo, yonke imithi oyithathayo (eyanikezwa udokotela, ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, yendabuko, ye-Ayurvedic, ye-homeopathic), kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba ongase ube nakho ngaphambi kokugonywa .
• Nakuba lo muthi wokugomela wenziwe ngezingxenye zegazi lomuntu, zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo zithathwe ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokudlulisela izifo. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese uthola okwengeziwe.
• Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi esixoxe ngayo ekuqaleni, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
• Njengoba lo muthi unikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuwugcina ekhaya.

Lesi sihloko simane nje siyisifinyezo somuthi wokugomela i-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`. Awunawo wonke ulwazi. Uma uneminye imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalo muthi, sicela ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho, usokhemisi noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwaziswa ngempilo yakho!

` I-RhO [D] I-Immune Globulin, Umuthi wokugomela i-Anti-D, i-Rh negative, i-Rh positive, ukukhulelwa, ukumpontshelwa igazi, i-ITP