Ingabe ingane yakho ithole iqhubu elingajwayelekile? Ake sixoxe nge-Rhabdomyosarcoma

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu uma ubona into engavamile, njengesigaxa noma ukuvuvukala, emzimbeni wakho noma emzimbeni wengane yakho encane. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, sicabanga ngezinto eziningi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza olungase lube njalo, kodwa olungavamile. Lokho kuyi-rhabdomyosarcoma. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi uma ulizwa, ake sixoxe ngalo kalula.

Kuyini i-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Kalula nje, i-rhabdomyosarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela ezicutshini ezithambile zomzimba wethu. Ivame kakhulu ukuthinta imisipha enamathele emathanjeni ethu (okubizwa ngokuthi imisipha yamathambo). Ivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha , kodwa ingathinta nabantu abadala. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kuka-400 no-500 e-United States batholakala benalesi simo minyaka yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ongavamile kakhulu . Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Ezinye izinhlobo zinolaka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi zisakazeka ngokushesha futhi kunzima ukuzelapha. Ngokwelashwa okuhle, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaphela ngokuphelele (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuxolelwa). Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza ungabuya (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphinda umdlavuza).

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi sifo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

1. I-Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma `(Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma)`

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Luvela ezinganeni kunabantu abadala. Luvame ukuvela ezindaweni ezizungeze ikhanda nentamo. Isibonelo, ezimbozweni ezimboza ubuchopho kanye nesokhethi lamehlo (lapho iso licwile khona). Kukhona nezinhlobo ezincane. Ezinye zingakhula ezithweni ezingenalutho njengesinye kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane (esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma"). Olunye uhlobo lungakhula luzungeze amasende (izidoda) zengane (ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma").

2. I-Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma `(Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma)`

Lolu hlobo luvame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezindala kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha, abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-35. Luvame kakhulu ukuvela ezingalweni, emilenzeni, noma esifubeni. Lolu hlobo lwe-alveolar lubi kakhulu futhi lusakazeka ngokushesha . Luqala ukusabalala cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba lukhule.

3. I-Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma `(Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma)`

Lolu hlobo luvame ukubonakala kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Nakuba lungavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, luvame ukubonakala emilenzeni . Lungavela nasezingalweni, esifubeni, esiswini, nakwezinye izingxenye zekhanda nentamo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ukuphi . Isibonelo, uma ingane inesimila esinjengalesi endlebeni yayo, ingase ibhekane nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bendlebe kanye nokuphuma koketshezi endlebeni. Uma isimila sivela ngemuva kweso, iso lingase libonakale livuvukele futhi likhukhumele. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Uma kwenzeka umsipha engalweni noma emlenzeni: iqhubu noma ukuvuvukala okuhambisana nobuhlungu.
• Isisu (`(Isisu)`): ukuqaqamba kwesisu , ukuqunjelwa, ukuhlanza .
• Isinye kanye nomgudu womchamo: Igazi emchameni (`(Hematuria)`), ubunzima bokuchama.
• Umgodi wempumulo: Izimpawu ezifana nokopha kwamakhala (`(Epistaxis)`), ukutheleleka kwama-sinus (`(Sinus Infection )`).
• Isitho sangasese sowesifazane: Into efana neqhubu eliphuma esithweni sangasese somntwana.
• Amaqhubu amasende : Iqhubu elikhula ngokushesha elizungeze amasende engane .

Okubalulekile: Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingabangelwa yizimo ezingatheni kangako. Izinto ezifana nokopha ekhaleni, ukuhlanza, kanye namaqhubu emzimbeni azibangelwa njalo yi-rhabdomyosarcoma. Kodwa-ke, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalezi zimpawu, uma ziqhubeka noma zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele nakanjani nibone udokotela .

Ziyini izimbangela zalesi sifo?

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ibangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo emaseli ethu emisipha (amangqamuzana emisipha angakavuthwa) okubangela ukuba abe nomdlavuza futhi ahlukane ngokushesha, akhe amathumba. Ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile, njenge-gene ye-fusion ye-PAX/FOX01, kungabangela izinhlobo ezithile ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Futhi, abantu abanezimo ezithile zofuzo basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:

• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• I-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
• I-Neurofibromatosis
• I-Costello syndrome
• I-Cardiofasciocutaneous syndrome `(I-Cardiofasciocutaneous syndrome)`

Itholakala kanjani i-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nibona udokotela, bazoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Bazobuza nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onezinye zezimo zofuzo ezishiwo ngenhla, njengoba lokhu kungakunikeza umbono wengozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo. Bazobe sebehlola umzimba ukuze babheke noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo, njengezigaxa nokuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukusiza ekuxilongeni lesi simo:

• Iskeni se-CT `(Iskeni se-Computed Tomography (CT))` noma i-MRI `(Iskeni se-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)`
• Ukuskena kwe-PET `(Ukuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)`
• Ukuskena kwamathambo
• Ukubhoboza kwe-Lumbar (ukuhlolwa lapho kuthathwa khona inani elincane loketshezi emgogodleni)
• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Bone Marrow
• I-biopsy (ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezivela esimila ukuze zihlolwe)
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu okukhethekile njenge-immunohistochemistry
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cytology

Ingabe lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Cha, akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile okungaxilonga i-rhabdomyosarcoma. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho womdlavuza angayala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngemva kokuxilongwa. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi lesi sifo sisakazekele yini emnkantsheni wethambo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekwelashweni.

Amaqembu Engozi Ye-Rhabdomyosarcoma

Uma izingane zithola i-rhabdomyosarcoma, odokotela be-oncologists bahlukanisa lesi sifo ngamaqembu ayingozi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ezintweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: 1. Isigaba sesimila: Odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-TNM Staging System ukuze bathole lokhu. U-T ubhekisela kusayizi nendawo yesimila, u-N ubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza usakazeke yini kuma-lymph node, kanti u-M ubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza usakazeke yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. 2. Iqembu lezokwelapha: Lokhu kunqunywa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy noma ukuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, uma isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele nge-biopsy noma ukuhlinzwa, sihlukaniswa njengeQembu I. La maqembu asukela ku-1 kuya ku-4. 3. Izinguquko zofuzo: Ukuthi kukhona yini ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-PAX/FOX01 fusion. Lezi zigaba zobungozi zibizwa ngokuthi ingozi ephansi, ingozi ephakathi, kanye nengozi ephezulu . Ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho lisebenzisa lesi sigaba sobungozi ukuhlela ukwelashwa, ukulinganisa amathuba okuthi umdlavuza uzobuya ngemva kokwelashwa, kanye nokunquma ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngemva kokwelashwa (ukubikezela).

Inqubo yokunquma lesi sigaba sengozi iyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ungase ungaluqondi ngokushesha lonke ulwazi olusetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ungangabazi ukubuza ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho ukuze likucacisele . Bazokujabulela ukukuchazela konke.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-rhabdomyosarcoma iyisifo esingavamile, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo,Buza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi ungabamba iqhaza yini ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha . Odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza bavame ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela zokwelapha:

• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (i-chemotherapy)

Ingabe i-rhabdomyosarcoma ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngezinye izikhathi, yebo, ukwelashwa kungayilapha i-rhabdomyosarcoma . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuxolelwa" kwalesi sifo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyanyamalala futhi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakala ekuhlolweni. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kwelashwa kuhlala njalo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-rhabdomyosarcoma ingabuya. Ngokuvamile, abantu abadala banamathuba amancane okululama ngokuphelele kulesi sifo kunezingane .

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yomuntu one-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Akukho sibalo esiqondile sokuthi umuntu one-rhabdomyosarcoma uzophila isikhathi esingakanani. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi balandela iphesenti labantu abaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala bene-rhabdomyosarcoma. Leli zinga lokusinda lincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwesifo, iqembu eliyingozi, nokuthi lesi sifo siyabuya yini ngemva kokwelashwa . Sekukonke, ama-70% ezingane ezinalesi sifo aphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala ene-rhabdomyosarcoma. Kubantu abadala, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu licishe libe ngu-20%.

Kungakhathaliseki isimo sakho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi la mazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abaye belashwa nge-rhabdomyosarcoma. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo, kuvamile ukufuna ukwazi ukuthi ikusasa liphetheni. Uma kunjalo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngakho .

Ngingazinakekela kanjani ingane yami kanye nami?

Umdlavuza ungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ayihlukile. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo, ningazizwa nicindezelekile kakhulu futhi nikhathele. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso ezingasiza ngalesi sikhathi:

• Cabanga Ngokunakekelwa Kwe-Palliative: Izimpawu zomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kungaba nzima ukubhekana nazo. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuyindlela yokwelapha esiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, kusukela ekunciphiseni izimpawu kuya ekunikezeni ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.
• Khuluma nochwepheshe wempilo yengane: Umdlavuza ungaguqula impilo yengane ibe yimbi. Ungamsusa kubangani nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke. Ukuphila nomdlavuza kungaba yisizungu enganeni edlula kokuhlangenwe nakho abangane bayo abangakwazi ukukuqonda. Ochwepheshe bempilo yengane bangabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile abasiza izingane ukuba zibhekane nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezokwelapha.
• Phumula:Ukwelashwa komdlavuza – kanye nokunakekela ingane enomdlavuza – kungaba yinto ekhathazayo kakhulu. Uma uphathwa, zama ukuphumula noma nini lapho udinga, hhayi nje uma unesikhathi. Uma unakekela ingane ene-rhabdomyosarcoma, buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlelo nezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwesikhashana.
• Cabanga Ngokusinda Komdlavuza: I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ingabuya ngemva kokwelashwa. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya kuwe noma enganeni yakho, buza udokotela wakho ngezinsizakalo zokusekela abantu abasinda kumdlavuza.

Kufanele ngixhumane nini nodokotela wami we-oncologist?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nithola ukwelashwa, xhumana nodokotela wakho uma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa imibi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile . Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunikeze imiyalelo ethile mayelana nezimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi i-rhabdomyosarcoma yakho iyasakazeka noma iyabuya. Unganqikazi ukukhuluma nabo nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma yisifo esingavamile. Ungase ungazi okuningi ngaso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unalesi sifo noma ingane yakho inayo, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela esikhathini esizayo. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza ngezikhathi ezinjalo:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-rhabdomyosarcoma enginalo/ingane yami?
• Iyini ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu eliyingozi?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ingabe kukhona izivivinyo zemitholampilo esingahlanganyela kuzo?
• Iyini iphrojekthi yokugula kwengane yami?
• Yiziphi izinsizakalo zokusekela onazo ezingasisiza?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu . Ochwepheshe abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani kwenzeka. Uma wena noma ingane yakho nine-rhabdomyosarcoma, ungase ucasuke ngokuthi awazi kahle ukuthi kungani kwenzeke. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liyaqonda lokho. Nakuba bengenakukwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani wena noma ingane yakho nine-rhabdomyosarcoma, bangachaza izinto ezifana nokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa okungenzeka, kanye nekhono lokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthola izinsiza ezifana namaqembu okusekela kanye nokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma, umdlavuza, umdlavuza wezingane, umdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, izifo zofuzo