Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Salmonella. Esinye isizathu sezinkinga zesisu!

Ngakho-ke, ingabe uke waba nesisu esibuhlungu ngokuzumayo futhi kwadingeka uhlale endlini yangasese usuku lonke? Isisu sakho sibuhlungu, futhi ungase ube nomkhuhlane nokuhlanza. Imbangela yezifo eziningi ezinjalo kungaba yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Salmonella. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-Salmonella, ukuthi kungani yenzeka, ukuthi ungayigwema kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu. Lokhu kuyinto evamile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukwazi kahle.

Kuyini i-Salmonella? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-Salmonella uhlobo lwebhaktheriya . Uma leli bhaktheriya lingena emizimbeni yethu, libangela ukucasuka kwesisu kanye nohudo. Ngokuvamile sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Salmonellosis". Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu ukuvuvukala kwesisu namathumbu okubangelwa ubuthi bokudla, okungukuthi, i-gastroenteritis. Lolu olunye lwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zobuthi bokudla obubangelwa amagciwane emazweni afana neMelika.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane e-Salmonella. Ezinye izinhlobo zibangela nezinye izifo, njengomkhuhlane we-typhoid. Kodwa uhlobo esikhuluma ngalo namuhla, olubangela ukucasuka kwesisu, yilona oluvame kakhulu.

Kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho uma uthola i-salmonella?

Cabanga nje ukuthi leli gciwane le-salmonella lingena emzimbeni wakho ngokudla noma ngamanzi. I-asidi yesisu sethu kanye nesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela silwa nala magciwane. Kodwa-ke, uma inani lamagciwane angena landa, noma uma izivikelo zomzimba wethu zibuthakathaka, leli gciwane lingawadlula futhi libangele ukugula.

Leli gciwane le-Salmonella liya ngqo emathunjini ethu. Lapho, lihlasela futhi libhubhise amaseli azungeze udonga lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukumunca amanzi kahle. Yilapho kufika khona ubuhlungu besisu, bese amanzi umzimba ongakwazi ukuwamunca aphuma njengohudo.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-salmonella?

Noma ubani angangenwa yi-salmonella. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuyithola, noma uma beyithola, ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani:

• Abantu abasebenza noma abaseduze nezilwane ezithile basengozini enkulu: ikakhulukazi labo abasebenza nezilwane ezifana nezinkukhu, amadada, izimfudu, kanye nezibankwa.
• Kulabo abathatha ama-antacid noma abasanda kuthatha ama-antibiotic: Ama-antacid asetshenziselwa i-gastritis anciphisa i-asidi yesisu. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngamagciwane e-salmonella ukusinda. Futhi, lapho kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic, amabhaktheriya amahle asemathunjini ethu ayabulawa, okwenza kube lula ngamagciwane amabi ukukhula.
• Abantu abanesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD): Ngenxa yokuthi amathumbu onakele yi-IBD, banamathuba amaningi okutheleleka yi-bacterium ye-Salmonella.
• Kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala:Izingane ezincane zingagula kalula ngoba amasosha azo omzimba awakakhuli ngokugcwele.

Futhi, kunabantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezingathi sína ngenxa yokutheleleka yi-Salmonella:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala kanye nezinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Lokhu kusho abantu abane-HIV, labo abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza (i-chemotherapy), noma labo abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesinye isifo noma imithi.
• Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell: I-Salmonella ingabangela ukutheleleka kwamathambo okubizwa ngokuthi i-osteomyelitis. Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile.

Ivame kangakanani i-Salmonella?

I-Salmonella ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa ubuthi ekudleni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi e-United States kuphela bathola i-salmonella minyaka yonke. Izinkulungwane zabo zilaliswa esibhedlela, kanti inani elincane liyafa. Lesi simo singabonakala nasezweni lethu, ikakhulukazi uma singaqapheli imikhuba yethu yokuhlanzeka kokudla neziphuzo.

Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zokusabalala kwe-Salmonella?

I-Salmonella isakazeka ngokudla okuningi. Ibhotela lamantongomane, inyama epakishiwe, ukudla okuqandisiwe, izithelo nemifino, njll. I-Salmonella ingasakazeka futhi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo njengezimfudu, izibankwa, izinkukhu, ama-hedgehog kanye nezingulube ze-Guinea.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi be-salmonella?

Izimpawu ze-Salmonella zingabonakala zingakapheli amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokungena emzimbeni. Lezi zimpawu zithinta kakhulu isisu namathumbu ethu. Lezi yizi:

• Uhudo: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yigazi.
• Imfiva.
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma izinhlungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .

Ungase ube nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nezimpawu ezifanayo.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesifo sohudo esinegazi, noma uma unomkhuhlane izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili noma ezintathu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Ingabe uhlala uhlanza uma une-salmonella?

Cha. Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlanzayo. Ngokuvamile, uhudo kanye nomkhuhlane kubonakala. Kodwa abanye abantu bangase bahlanze.

Indle ibukeka kanjani uma une-Salmonella?

Uma kukhona i-salmonella , indle ivame ukuba namanzi futhi ingaba khona njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ubone igazi elincane endle. Uma unesifo sokopha okunjalo, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sikadokotela.

Yini ebangela i-salmonella?

Ubuthi be-Salmonella bubangelwa yi -bacterial Salmonella.Uma leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu, uma kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu olungakubhubhisa, kuvela ukutheleleka. Yilapho kuvela khona izinkinga zesisu njengomkhuhlane kanye nesifo sohudo.

Ibhaktheriya ye-Salmonella ihlala emathunjini abantu nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ingatholakala nasezintweni esizidlayo, esiziphuzayo nesizithintayo. Isibonelo:

• Amaqanda namagobolondo amaqanda angaphekiwe.
• Inyama eluhlaza, ukudla kwasolwandle, kanye nenkukhu.
• Imifino nezithelo (uma kusetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuhlanzwa kahle).
• Ubisi noma ushizi ongaphekwanga.
• Amanzi angahlanjululiwe.
• Uboya, izimpaphe, amaxolo, isikhumba, kanye nendle yezilwane. Nezindawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane.
• Uma umuntu etheleleke nge-Salmonella, thatha indawo ayithinte.

I-Salmonella idluliselwa kanjani?

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthola i-Salmonella ukudla ukudla okungaphekiwe kahle nokungalandeli imikhuba efanele yokuhlanzeka lapho ulungisa ukudla. Isibonelo:

• Ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle, izinkukhu, ukudla kwasolwandle, noma amaqanda.
• Ukudla imifino nezithelo ezingcoliswe amagciwane (ezingagezwanga).
• Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile noma ubisi olungaphekiwe.
• Ukungagezi izandla kahle lapho ulungiselela futhi udla ukudla.

Kungasakazeka futhi ezilwaneni nakubantu abangenwe yi-Salmonella. Uma uthinta isilwane bese uthinta umlomo wakho ngaleso sandla, ungathola igciwane. Noma yisiphi isilwane singaba nokutheleleka kwe-Salmonella, noma igciwane lingaba seboyeni baso, ezimpapheni, ezikalini, noma esikhumbeni. Izibonelo:

• Izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini (amaxoxo, amasele).
• Izilwane ezihuquzelayo (izimfudu, izibankwa, izinyoka).
• Izinyoni (izinkukhu, amadada, ama-turkey, izinyoni zasendle).
• Izilwane zasepulazini (izinkomo, izimbuzi, izimvu, izingulube).
• Izilwane ezifuywayo (izinja, amakati, izinyoni, izilwane ezincane).

Yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe i-Salmonella kakhulu?

Nakuba noma yikuphi ukudla okuluhlaza kungaba namagciwane e-salmonella, abantu abaningi bakuthola enkukhu noma emaqandeni angaphekiwe kahle.

Ingabe i-Salmonella inephunga?

Cha. Ibhaktheriya ye-Salmonella ayinalo iphunga elihlukile. Ukudla okungcoliswe yi-Salmonella kuvame ukubukeka futhi kunuka ngendlela evamile. Yingakho kudingeka uqaphele.

Ingabe i-salmonella iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

Yebo, i-salmonella iyathelelana. Ungayithola komunye umuntu, noma ngisho nasesilwaneni sakho esifuywayo. Uma uya endlini yokugezela ugula futhi ungazigezi izandla zakho kahle, ungasakaza amagciwane kwabanye abantu, okuhlanganisa nokudla okuthintayo.

Uyibona kanjani i-Salmonella?

Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kungatholakala ngokuhlola isampula yendle, isampula yegazi, noma enye isampula. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wempilo yakho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuthola i-Salmonella?

• Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yendle:Ngokuvamile ungalithatha leli sampula ekhaya. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ibhodlela elihlanzekile kanye nemiyalelo yokuthi ungalithatha kanjani isampula. Elabhorethri, isampula ihlolwa ukuthi ayinalo yini igciwane le-Salmonella.
• Isampula yegazi: Udokotela uzothatha inani elincane legazi engalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti. Ilebhu izohlola (ukuhluza) isampula yegazi ukuze ibone ukuthi igciwane leSalmonella liyakhula yini.
• Amanye amasampula: Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole umchamo wakho noma isampula evela esilondeni ukuze ahlole i-Salmonella.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Salmonella?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-salmonella ayelashwa ngemithi ethile. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugula kwakho kukubi kakhulu noma usengozini yezinkinga, udokotela wakho angakunika ama-antibiotic. Uma unesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi. Uma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, udokotela wakho angakunika uketshezi nge-IV (yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-saline ).

Uyini umuthi we-Salmonella?

Uma udinga ama-antibiotic okutheleleka kwe-salmonella, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nale:

• I-Ciprofloxacin
• I-Ceftriaxone
• I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
• I-Azithromycin

Isexwayiso: Ungalokothi uthathe ama-antibiotics wedwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ezinye izinkinga.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ze-salmonella?

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphatha izimpawu ze-salmonella ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Uketshezi olungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni luhlanganisa:

• Amanzi
• Iziphuzo zemidlalo (ngoba ziqukethe usawoti noshukela)
• Ijusi yezithelo engu-100% exutshwe ngamanzi
• Umhluzi
• Izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (isib., iJeevani, iPedialyte)

Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela efana ne-loperamide (Imodium) kanye ne-bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) ingasiza abantu abadala abanesifo sohudo. Kodwa-ke, unganiki izingane ezincane nezinsana le mithi yokulwa nohudo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wezingane kuqala.

Ingabe i-salmonella iyaphela yodwa?

Yebo, esikhathini esiningi, i-salmonella izophela yodwa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa kuzodingeka ubekezelele ezinye zezimpawu izinsuku ezimbalwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze ugweme ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Ungayigwema kanjani i-salmonella?

Unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthola i-salmonella ngokulandela imikhuba yokulungisa ukudla ephephile nangokuqaphela lapho uxhumana nezilwane.

Izindlela zokulungisa ukudla eziphephile zokunciphisa ingozi ye-salmonella

Ibhaktheriya ye-Salmonella ingabulawa ngokupheka kahle nokufaka ukudla ezitsheni ezithambile. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-salmonella lapho ulungisa ukudla:

• Uma ugula, ungaphekeli abanye.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla ukudla, nangemva kokulungisa ukudla.
• Geza izindawo zokulungiselela ukudla, izitsha zokudlela, kanye nezitsha zokudla kahle ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenzisa.
• Pheka ukudla kahle kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile ngaphambi kokudla.
• Ungathinti okunye ukudla lapho uphatha inyama eluhlaza, inkukhu, ukudla kwasolwandle, noma amaqanda. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasakaza amagciwane.
• Geza imifino nezithelo kahle ngaphambi kokuzisika, ukuzidla, noma ukuzipheka, noma ukususa ikhasi.
• Faka inyama, inkukhu, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle esiqandisini noma efrijini ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Ungadli noma uphuze ubisi olungaphekwanga noma ukudla okwenziwe ngobisi olungaphekwanganga.
• Ungaphuzi amanzi angelashwanga noma udle ukudla okulungiselelwe ngamanzi angelashwanga. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi amanzi aphephile yini (isibonelo, uma usohambweni), sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni ukuze uwaphuze futhi upheke.

Ukuphathwa kwezilwane ngokuphephile ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi ye-salmonella

Noma yisiphi isilwane singaba nokutheleleka nge-Salmonella, noma amabhaktheriya angatholakala eboyeni bawo, ezimpapheni, ezingxoxweni, noma esikhumbeni. Izilwane ezithelelekile azibukeki zigula njalo. Izinkukhu, amadada, izimfudu, kanye nezibankwa yizo izilwane ezisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-Salmonella.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uzivikele kumagciwane e-salmonella avela ezilwaneni:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokuphatha izilwane (kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifuywayo), ukudla kwazo, izitsha zamanzi, amabhokisi emfucumfucu, indle, amakheji, noma amathoyizi.
• Ngemva kokuthinta izilwane, ungathinti imilomo yazo noma ufake izandla zakho emlonyeni wakho. Ungathinti uboya bazo, izimpaphe, amaxolo, noma isikhumba.
• Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka, noma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 noma ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-5, akufanele usondele ezilwaneni ezisengozini enkulu.
• Ungadli noma uphuze amanzi eduze kwezilwane ezisengozini enkulu noma lapho zihlala khona.
• Hlanza indawo yokuhlala yesilwane sakho (njengethangi noma ikheji) ngaphandle uma kungenzeka. Ungalokothi ugeze ikheji lesilwane sakho, amathoyizi, noma izitsha zokudla esinkini sasekhishini.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngithola i-salmonella?

I-Salmonella ngokuvamile isifo esizivimbelayo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zezimpawu, uzolulama ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ezimweni eziningi, ungabhekana nakho ekhaya uze ululame.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, uma unesifo se-sickle cell, noma uma ugula kakhulu nge-salmonella, udokotela wakho uzokulapha ngama-antibiotic.

I-salmonella ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpawu ze-Salmonella zivame ukuhlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa . Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-Salmonella?

I-Salmonella ingabangela izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungenzeka uma kulahleka uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni ngenxa yokuhlanza noma uhudo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni uma kungelashwa kahle.
• I-Bacteremia kanye ne-Sepsis: Uma igciwane le-Salmonella lingena egazini, lingasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi libangele ukutheleleka okuyingozi. I-Sepsis yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kakhulu ekuthelelekeni.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Ukutheleleka kwamathambo okungajwayelekile. Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell banamathuba amaningi okuthola lokhu.
• I-Reactive Arthritis: Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, amehlo, kanye nomgudu womchamo kwenzeka njengempendulo yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngemva kokutheleleka.

Ungafa ngenxa ye-salmonella?

Yebo, i-salmonella ingaba yingozi uma isakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma ibangela i-sepsis. Kodwa-ke, lokho akuvamile. Abantu abangaba ngu-420 kuphela abafa ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-salmonella e-United States phakathi kwezigidi zamacala. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kufanele ubonane nodokotela. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Igazi esitulweni.
• Ukuhlanza njalo, ukungakwazi ukugcina ukudla nokuphuza kuphansi.
• Umchamo omnyama noma umchamo omncane kunokuvamile.
• Umlomo nomphimbo owomile.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu lapho umi.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma izimpawu zami ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zishintsha?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngikubize ngazo noma ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ubuthi be-Salmonella buvamile. Nakuba kungaba yinto engakhululekile kancane, ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu.Phuza uketshezi oluningi, futhi ungangabazi ukubona udokotela uma ungazizwa ungcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka noma usengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela ku-salmonella, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha ama-antibiotics ukuze welaphe ukutheleleka. Ukuzijwayeza ukuphepha kokudla okuhle kanye nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukugula.

I- Salmonella, i-Salmonella, ubuthi bokudla, isifo sohudo, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, amagciwane, ukuphepha kokudla