Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokuzwa? Ake sifunde nge-(Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Kwezinzwa)!

Wake waba nesikhathi esinzima ukuzwa othile ekhuluma? Noma, wake kwadingeka ukhuphule ivolumu ku-TV? Kungaba ngenxa yenkinga yendlebe. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, okungukuthi `(Sensorineural Hearing Loss)` noma `(SNHL)`. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu kalula.

Kuyini Ukulahlekelwa Yizinzwa?

Kalula nje, `(Ukulahlekelwa Yizinzwa)` kuwukukhubazeka kokuzwa okubangelwa ukulimala kwengxenye engaphakathi yendlebe yakho (`(indlebe yangaphakathi)`) . Cabanga nje, kunamangqamuzana amancane ezinwele (`(amangqamuzana ezinwele)`) ngaphakathi ezindlebeni zethu abamba amaza omsindo futhi awaguqule abe izimpawu ubuchopho obungaziqonda. Lawa asebenza njengemakrofoni. Ngakho-ke, uma lawa `(amangqamuzana ezinwele)` onakele, sizwa umsindo omncane.

Lesi simo singabangelwa umkhuhlane ongazelelwe, ukulimala ekhanda, noma ukuchayeka emsindweni omkhulu, njengokuqhuma kwebhomu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungaba kubi kancane kancane njengoba ukhula. Futhi, abanye abantu bazalwa benalesi simo.

Uma une-SNHL, ungase ungakwazi ukuzwa izinto ezikhulunywa kancane. Ngisho noma uzwa imisindo emikhulu, ungase ungakwazi ukuzizwa kahle, futhi ungase uzwakale uthule. Into edabukisayo ukuthi la maseli ezinwele onakele awakwazi ukuvuselela noma ukuphulukisa . Ngakho-ke, i-SNHL ivame ukuba yisimo esihlala njalo . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngosizo lwezinsiza zokuzwa, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwa kwakho futhi uphile impilo evamile.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-`(Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Kwezinzwa)`. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• `(Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural okuyingxenye eyodwa)`: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuzwa kwakho kuphazamiseka endlebeni eyodwa kuphela .
• `(Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwemizwa ye-Bilateral sensorineural)`: Kulokhu, ukuzwa kuyaphazamiseka kuzo zombili izindlebe .
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural okungalingani: Kulesi simo, ukuzwa kuyaphazamiseka kuzo zombili izindlebe, kodwa enye indlebe ayizwakali kakhulu kunenye .
• `(Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuzumayo kwemizwa)`: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuzumayo zingakapheli amahora angu-72 ngemuva kokulimala, ukugula, noma ukuchayeka emsindweni omkhulu (cabanga ngezibhamu ngesikhathi soNyaka Omusha, ukudubula). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ukulahlekelwa Yizinzwa, ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluhlobene nobudala, kungenye yezinkinga zokuzwa ezivame kakhulu ezibonakala kubantu abadala. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-70.

Isimo esithi "ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuzumayo kwemizwa" okukhulunywe ngaso ngaphambilini, okusho ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuzumayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kuya kwabayisithupha kwabangu-5,000 ngonyaka. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuyinto engavamile kancane.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Uma une-`(Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Kwezinzwa)`, bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu:

• Uzizwa sengathi kulula ukuzwa lokho abantu abanamazwi ajulile abakushoyo kunalabo abakhuluma ngezwi eliphezulu?
• Kunzima yini ukuqonda okushiwoyo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi nezinomsindo? Isibonelo, esitimeleni, ebhasini, noma esitolo.
• Uma abanye abantu bekhuluma, uyabezwa bebubula, hhayi ngokucacile?
• Ingabe unomsindo wokukhala (`(tinnitus)`) ovela ngaphakathi ezindlebeni zakho ?
• Uma abantu abaningana bexoxa ndawonye, ​​​​kungaba nzima yini ukulandela ingxoxo?
• Ingabe izinto ozizwayo zizwakala zinzima, zingacacile, futhi zingaqondakali?

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Imbangela eyinhloko `(Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Kwezinzwa)` ukulimala kwendlebe yangaphakathi . Ngokukhethekile, kubangelwa umonakalo noma ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana amancane ezinwele (`(amangqamuzana ezinwele)`) engxenyeni yendlebe yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi `(cochlea)` ebamba umsindo, noma inzwa (`(vestibulocochlear nerve)`) ethwala izimpawu zomsindo ebuchosheni.

Abanye abantu bazalwa benalesi simo, njengokuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokukhula komntwana osanda kuzalwa. Abanye basithola kamuva ekuphileni, ngenxa yezifo ezahlukene, ukulimala, ukuchayeka emisindweni emikhulu (isibonelo, umuntu osebenza efektri uzwa umsindo wemishini isikhathi eside), noma ngenxa yokuguga okuvamile.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Isici esiyingozi yinto eyandisa amathuba okuthola isifo. Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SNHL:

• I-Acoustic neuroma: Lesi isimila esingeyona umdlavuza esikhula ngaphakathi kwendlebe. Singafaka ingcindezi endlebeni yangaphakathi futhi sithinte ukuzwa.
• Ukuguga: Njengoba siguga, amangqamuzana ezinwele ezinhle ngaphakathi kwendlebe aya ngokuya eba buthaka. Lokhu kuvamile.
• Isifo sikaMénière: Lesi yisifo sendlebe esingamahlalakhona esingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-vertigo (vertigo) kanye ne-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni).
• Imithi ethile (`(Ototoxicity)`): Eminye imithi (isibonelo, eminye imithi yomdlavuza, eminye imithi elwa namagciwane) ingabangela umonakalo endlebeni yangaphakathi njengomphumela ongemuhle.
• Ezinye izimo zesifo (`(izimo zesistimu)`):Izifo ezithile, njengesifo sikashukela kanye ne-meningitis, zingaphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi endlebeni yangaphakathi noma zibangele ukuvuvukala kwe-vestibulocochlear nerve.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu: Ukushaywa okukhulu ekhanda kungalimaza indlebe yangaphakathi, kuphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi, futhi kwandise ingcindezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Konke lokhu kungabangela i-SNHL.

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile yalokhu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubizwa ngokuthi ``idiopathic SNHL''.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela, ikakhulukazi uchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela ohlinzayo we-ENT).

Udokotela uzoqala athinte indlebe yakho bese ebheka ngaphakathi . Ngemuva kwalokho, bazobheka ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho ngethuluzi elincane elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi "i-otoscope." Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni noma yini engavamile ngaphakathi kwendlebe ephazamisa ukuzwa kwakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase akubuze imibuzo efana nalokhu:

• Ingabe ukulahlekelwa kwakho ukuzwa kwenzeke ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane?
• Uma kuhamba kancane kancane, lokhu kwaqala nini?
• Ingabe uzwa kangcono endlebeni eyodwa kunenye?
• Uke wagula muva nje? Uke walimala ekhanda?
• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onenkinga yokuzwa?

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Okulandelayo, kuzodingeka ube nochwepheshe wezindlebe (udokotela wezindlebe) ozokwenza izivivinyo zokuzwa ezikhethekile ukuze athole ukuthi ukuzwa kwakho kunjani ngempela. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi une-SNHL noma olunye uhlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo ezinjalo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-acoustic reflex: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi imisipha encane ephakathi kwendlebe yakho (imisipha ye-stapedial) ifinyela kangakanani uma izwa umsindo omkhulu.
• Impendulo yesimiso sobuchopho sokuzwa: Lokhu kuhilela ukunamathisela ama-electrode amancane ekhanda lakho, ukukuveza emisindweni ehlukene, nokukala ukuthi amaza obuchopho bakho asabela kanjani kuwo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba kwamathambo: Lokhu kuthumela umsindo ngqo endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi. Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa olunalo.
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Otoacoustic (OAEs): Lokhu kulinganisa ukudlidliza okuvela ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho, okuhlobene nomsindo. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka endlebeni noma ukuthi kukhona ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• `(I-audiometry yethoni emsulwa)`: Yilapho uthola khona ukuthi yimiphi imisindo ongayizwa ngamandla ahlukene (`(amaza)` noma amaphimbo).
• `(I-audiometry yenkulumo)`: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi uwaqonda kahle kangakanani amagama nokuthi ungakuphinda kancane kangakanani lokho okushiwoyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwefoloko lokulungisa:Ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kukaWeber kanye nokuhlolwa kukaRinne. Lokhu kungenziwa nguchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo kanye nomphimbo. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi unesifo sokuzwa esibizwa ngokuthi 'sensorineural' noma 'conductive' (ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa inkinga endlebeni yangaphandle noma ephakathi).
• I-Tympanometry: Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ukuthi izigubhu zakho zendlebe zihamba kahle kangakanani uma ziphendula imisindo.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela kungadingeka ahlole izinzwa zakho zekhanda noma enze izivivinyo zezithombe, njenge-MRI noma i-CT scan.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa. Ukwelashwa okufanele kuzoncika ebunzimeni besimo sakho kanye nembangela.

• Izinsiza zokuzwa: Lezi zifana nezikhulumi ezincane. Zikhulisa imisindo yangaphandle futhi zenze kube lula ukuthi uyizwe. Manje kunezinsiza zokuzwa ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu, ezincane, nezingabonakali.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear: Lawa amadivayisi afakwe ngokuhlinzwa adala indlela entsha yokuthi izimpawu zomsindo zihambe ngqo ebuchosheni, zidlule indlebe yangaphakathi eyonakele. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abanenkinga yokuzwa okukhulu.
• Imithi: Uma i-SNHL yakho ibangelwa ukuvuvukala endlebeni noma esinye isimo, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-corticosteroids.
• Izinsiza zokuzwa ezisekelwe emathanjeni (i-BAHA): Lezi ziphinde zifakwe ngokuhlinzwa ethanjeni lekhanda. Zidlulisela umsindo endlebeni yangaphakathi ngokudlidliza. Zingaba usizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzwa ohlangothini olulodwa.
• Ukuqapha okusebenzayo: Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma i-SNHL yakho ingembi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome "ukulinda ngokuqaphela." Lokhu kusho ukubheka isimo ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Iyini inhloso yokululama? (Indlela yokubuka)

Sekukonke, ikhono lokululama ku-SNHL lincike embangela eyisisekelo kanye nobunzima bokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ezimweni eziningi, i-SNHL iyisimo esihlala njalo. Okusho ukuthi, kunzima ukuselapha ngokuphelele.

Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba! Ungakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwa kwakho ngezinsiza zokuzwa noma izifakelo ze-cochlear, okukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele impilo ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa nezwe elikuzungezile.

Uma unenkinga yokuzwa okungazelelwe, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu . Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, amathuba akho okuthola umphumela omuhle ayanda.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-SNHL ayinakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iphinde ithonywe yizici esingenakuzilawula, njengokuguga. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Uma uphuza noma yimiphi imithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela yayo emibi . Eminye imithi ingaba yingozi ezindlebeni.
• Hlola ukuzwa kwakho njalo ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.
• Sebenzisa ama-earplug noma ama-earmuff uma usezindaweni ezinomsindo. Isibonelo, emakhonsathini, ezindaweni zokwakha, noma lapho usebenza emafektri. Khumbula, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngenxa yomsindo omkhulu kungavinjelwa ngokuphelele!

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela:

• Uma uzizwa unesizungu (`(vertigo)`) noma unenkinga ngokulinganisela kwakho (`(balance)`) .
• Uma ungezwa izinto kahle ezindaweni ezinomsindo, noma lapho abantu abaningana bekhuluma ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma uma kunzima ukukuzwa.
• Uma unomsindo wokukhala (`(tinnitus)`) ezindlebeni zakho.
• Uma uhlala ufuna ukukhulisa ivolumu ku-TV noma kumsakazo kunangaphambili.
• Uma ngokuzumayo ubona ushintsho olukhulu ekuzweni kwakho .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-SNHL, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Iyini imbangela yokulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​ukuzwa?
• Ingabe kukhona ithuba lokuthi ukuzwa kwami ​​kuzothuthuka ngokuzenzakalelayo?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Hlobo luni lwemiphumela engingalulindela ekwelashweni?
• Kufanele ngibuye kangaki ngikubone futhi (`(ukuvakasha okulandelayo)`)?

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa (SNHL) kungaba nzima. Imisindo owawuyithanda ingase ingasacaci njengoba yayinjalo ngaphambili. Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke, ukhathazekile, futhi wesaba ngalokhu, ikakhulukazi uma uzibuza ukuthi ukuzwa kwakho kuzoke kuthuthuke yini. Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba. Ukwelashwa okufana nezinsizakuzwa kanye nokufakelwa kwe-cochlear kungakusiza ukuthi uzwe kangcono futhi uhlale uxhumene nomhlaba. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma umuntu omthandayo angaba ne-SNHL, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sikukhumbuze ezinye zezinto esikhulume ngazo okudingeka uzikhumbule.

• Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Kwezinzwa (SNHL) uhlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa oluvame ukuba khona unomphela futhi lubangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinwele ezithambile endlebeni yangaphakathi.
• Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuguga, umsindo omkhulu, izifo ezithile, ukulimala, kanye neminye imithi.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), ubunzima bokuzwa inkulumo, kanye nobunzima bokuzwa ezindaweni ezinomsindo.
• `(I-SNHL Engazelelwe)` yisimo esiphuthumayo lapho ulahlekelwa khona ukuzwa ngokuzumayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
• Ukuzwa kungathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa okufana nezinsiza zokuzwa kanye nokufakelwa kwe-cochlear.
• Ukuvikela izindlebe zakho emisindweni ephezulu kunganciphisa ingozi ye-SNHL.

Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza okuncane kakhulu ngokuzwa kwakho, ungakushayi indiva. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe - sensorineural, i-SNHL, isifo sendlebe, usizo lokuzwa, i-cochlear implant, i-tinnitus