I-Sepsis: Ukutheleleka okuncane kungaba kanjani yingozi empilweni?

Ingabe unenxeba emzimbeni wakho elithola ukutheleleka kancane? Noma ingabe ulwa nento efana nokutheleleka okuncane kwamaphaphu noma ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo? Ngokuvamile sicabanga ukuthi lezi zinto zizophela ngokuphumula okuncane kanye nemithi ethile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngokungalindelekile, ukutheleleka okuncane okunjalo kungakhula kube yisimo esibi esithinta umzimba wonke futhi esisongela impilo. Leso simo esiyingozi sibizwa ngokuthi "i-sepsis."

Kalula nje, iyini i-sepsis?

Cabanga nje ukuthi kukhona ibutho elivikela izwe lethu. Uma isitha sivela ngaphandle, leli butho liyahamba liyolwa naleso sitha, lisinqobe, futhi lisindise izwe. Isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela sinjengaleli butho. Lapho igciwane, njengebhaktheriya noma igciwane, lingena emzimbeni, isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba siyavuselelwa futhi silwe nalelo gciwane, lisisindise ezifweni.

Kodwa, cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lomonakalo olungaba khona uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokuzumayo, ibutho lethu liyeka ukulwa nesitha, futhi laqala ukubhubhisa imizi namadolobha ezweni lakithi?

I-Sepsis iyinto efana naleyo.

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba wethu ayahluleka ukulawula. Ayayeka ukulwa nokutheleleka bese eqala ukuhlasela izicubu nezitho zethu ezinempilo. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wonke.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusabela okungavamile kweketanga kuqala ohlelweni lokujiya kwegazi, futhi amahlule egazi aqala ukwakheka ngokungadingekile ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezithweni ezinkulu njengobuchopho, inhliziyo, izinso, namaphaphu. Uma lezi zitho zintula umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okunomsoco, zingalimala kakhulu, zingasebenzi kahle, futhi ekugcineni zife.

Ingabe zikhona izigaba ze-sepsis?

Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela babehlukanisa i-sepsis ngezigaba ezintathu: i-sepsis, i-sepsis enzima, kanye ne-septic shock.

Kodwa manje, sibona lokhu njengesimo esiqhubekayo. Okusho ukuthi, kungaqala ngokutheleleka okulula, kuqhubekele ekubeni yi-bacteremia, bese kuba yi-sepsis, bese ekugcineni kuba yi-septic shock, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitho zomzimba nokufa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-sepsis?

Nakuba i-sepsis ingathinta noma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo noma abangenwe yigazi. Abantu abalandelayo nabo basengozini enkulu:

Ziyini izimpawu ze-sepsis?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-sepsis ithinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba, kungaba nezimpawu eziningi. Esinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zingase zenzeke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu, njengoba ukuqaphela kusenesikhathi kungasindisa impilo.

• Umkhuhlane noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomzimba: Umzimba ungaba nomkhuhlane. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingase lehle kakhulu kunejwayelekile (i-hypothermia).
• Ukuqhaqhazela nokuzizwa ubanda: Ungase uzwe umuzwa wokucasuka emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngokushesha kunalokho ekuzwayo.
• Izinga lokuphefumula elikhuphukile: Ukuphefumula kuyashesha, futhi kungase kuzwakale sengathi kuyaphefumula.
• Ukudideka nokukhungatheka: Ukuzizwa unesizungu, ulahlekelwe ingqondo, ukwenza sengathi ukhungathekile. Ngisho nokukhuluma kungase kuzwakale kungaqondakali.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi: Umfutho wegazi (BP) ungehla ngokuzumayo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu: Ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki noma ukungakhululeki emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba: Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuvele amabala abomvu noma anombala ohlukile esikhumbeni (ukuqubuka kwe-sepsis). Isikhumba singase sifudumale noma sibe manzi ngenxa yokujuluka.
• Ukuncipha kokuchama: Inani lomchamo owukhiphayo lincane kakhulu kunejwayelekile.
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka: ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-sepsis?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-sepsis ukutheleleka ngamagciwane . Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukutheleleka ngefungus, amagciwane, kanye namagciwane nakho kungabangela i-sepsis. Into ebalulekile ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi, impendulo yomzimba kukho iwukusabela kweketanga okungalawuleki okuholela ku-sepsis.

Lezi yizindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho ukutheleleka kungaqala khona:

Uhlelo lokuphefumula

• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi izimo ezifana ne-pneumonia.

Uhlelo lomchamo

• Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abane-catheter yomchamo.

Uhlelo lwesisu

• I-Appendicitis.
• Izinkinga zamathumbu.
• Ukutheleleka esiswini (i-Peritonitis).
• Ukutheleleka kwesibindi noma inyongo.

Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi

• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma komgogodla (isib. i-meningitis).

Isikhumba

• Amabhaktheriya angena emzimbeni ngamanxeba, amanxeba, noma ngezindawo zokufakwa njenge-saline cannulas.
• Izifo zesikhumba ezifana ne-cellulitis.

Ingabe i-sepsis iyathelelana?

Cha. I-Sepsis ngokwayo ayithelelani. Ngeke uthole i-sepsis uma uthinta noma useduze nomuntu one-sepsis.

Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okubangela i-sepsis ngezinye izikhathi kungaba okuthelelanayo. Isibonelo, uma kuyisifo sokuphefumula njenge-pneumonia, amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka angadluliselwa komunye umuntu.

Udokotela wazi kanjani ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-sepsis?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okuqinisekile kokuxilonga i-sepsis, ngakho odokotela basebenzisa inhlanganisela yolwazi oluvela ezivivinyweni zeziguli, izivivinyo zelebhu, kanye nama-X-ray ukuqinisekisa isimo.

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi une-sepsis lapho engeniswa esibhedlela, uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ``(qSOFA)``. I-Sepsis isolwa uma umuntu onesifo okusolwa ukuthi unezimpawu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo:

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (inombolo ephezulu) wehla ngaphansi kuka-100 mmHg.
• Izinga lokuphefumula elikhuphukile: Ukuphefumula izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-22 ngomzuzu.
• Ukudideka/Ukuqaphela: Amaphuzu angu-15 noma ngaphansi ku-Glasgow Coma Scale, elinganisa izinga lokuqaphela kwesiguli.

Ngemva kwalokhu kusola kokuqala, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kutholakale ukuthi iyini ngempela igciwane nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izitho ezilimele.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: I-Complete Blood Count (CBC), ukuhlaziywa kwegazi, ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso, kanye nezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi.
• Izinga le-oxygen egazini: Kunamathiselwa ithuluzi elifana ne-clip emunweni ukuze kulinganiswe ukuthi ingakanani i-oxygen egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Hlola ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
• Okunye ukuskena: Kungenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.

Iphathwa kanjani i-sepsis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-sepsis kumele kuqale ngokushesha . Uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa ngokushesha futhi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, kulapho amathuba okusindisa impilo eba makhulu khona.

Ngokuvamile, isiguli esitholakale sinesifo se-sepsis singeniswa e -Intensive Care Unit (ICU) yesibhedlela ukuze sithole ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

• Ama-antibiotic: Uma kuyigciwane elibangelwa amagciwane, ama-antibiotic anamandla afanele azoqalwa ngokushesha ngemithambo yegazi (efakwa emthanjeni - nge-IV).
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (uketshezi lwe-IV): Kunikezwa inani elikhulu loketshezi, njengosawoti, ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza kwegazi okuhle ezithweni zomzimba nokuvimbela ukwehla kwe-BP.
• Imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi (ama-Vasopressors): Uma kunikezwa usawoti kodwa i-BP ingakwazi ukwehla ibe sezingeni elanele, kunikezwa imithi yokucindezela i-vasopressor ekhulisa i-BP ngokucindezela imithambo yegazi.
• Ukusekelwa kwezitho zomzimba: Uma isitho sihluleka, sinikezwa ukunakekelwa okusekelayo. Isibonelo, uma izinso zihluleka, kungadingeka i-dialysis. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, kungadingeka umoya womoya osebenza ngomshini.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Uma imbangela yokutheleleka kuyinto efana nesilonda esibhibhayo noma ukutheleleka kwesisu, izicubu ezonakele kuzodingeka zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokululama ku-sepsis?

Uma lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa ngokushesha, abantu abaningi abane-sepsis bazolulama ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma siqhubekela ekubeni yi-septic shock, kungaba nzima ukusindisa impilo ngisho nangokwelashwa. Esifweni se-septic shock, ukufa kungenzeka zingakapheli amahora ayi-12.

Ngisho noma i-sepsis isindisa impilo, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.

• Ukungalali, amaphupho amabi.
• Ukuhlaselwa uvalo.
• Ubuhlungu emalungeni nasemisipheni.
• Ukwehla kwekhono lokucabanga, ukukhumbula, nokwenza izinqumo.
• Ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside kokusebenza kwesitho.

Futhi, umuntu oke waba ne-sepsis kanye usengozini yokuphinde ayithole. Ngakho-ke, uma kuvela ukutheleleka okusha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uhambo oluya ekululameni... ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya

Ngemva kokululama ekushayweni yi-sepsis bese ubuyela ekhaya, udinga ukunikeza umzimba nengqondo yakho isikhathi sokululama. Ekuqaleni, ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile njengokuthi:

Ubunzima bomzimba:

• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukwenza imisebenzi, kanye nezinkinga zokulala.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
• Isikhumba esomile, ukulunywa, izinzipho eziqhekekayo, kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele.

Izinkinga zengqondo nezingokomzwelo:

• Ukuzimisela ukuba wedwa.
• Ukubuyela emuva.
• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.
• Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka.
• Ukushesha ukuthukuthela, ukukhungatheka.
• Ukudideka.

Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Ekuqaleni, zama ukuzibekela imigomo emincane, njengokugeza nokugqoka, bese usebenza kuyo. Khuluma nomndeni nabangane ngemizwa yakho. Lolu hambo luzothatha isikhathi, kodwa kancane kancane uzobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-sepsis?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema i-sepsis ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungenzeki futhi ufune ukwelashwa okusheshayo uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka.

• Ukuhlanzeka okuhle: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo.
• Ukugcina amanxeba ehlanzekile: Hlanza amanxeba afana nokusikeka nokuklwebheka kahle bese uwagcina emboziwe aze aphole.
• Ukuthola Imijovo: Thola yonke imijovo edingekayo ngesikhathi.
• Ukuphathwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ziphathe kahle.
• Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha:

Uma usola ukuthi unesifo, uma singapheli, noma uma kubonakala sengathi siya siba sibi kakhulu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukutheleleka okunganakwa njengenkinga encane kungaba yingozi empilweni.