Ingabe ukhathazekile ngesigqi senhliziyo yakho? Ake sifunde nge-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa unesizungu noma unekhanda elibuthakathaka? Noma ingabe othile omaziyo uhlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo ngokuzumayo? Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yalezi zinto ingaba yisimo esingavamile sofuzo esingazwakali kakhulu ngaso. Esinye salezi zimo yi-Short QT Syndrome, noma njengoba odokotela besibiza kanjalo, i-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) . Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Iyini i-QT interval? Izimpawu zikagesi zenhliziyo!

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi lesi sigaba se-QT siyini. Ubuwazi ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ishaya sisebenzisa uhlelo lwezimpawu zikagesi? Kufana nohlelo lwezintambo endlini ukuze kuvulwe izibani. Kungenxa yalezi zimpawu zikagesi ukuthi amakamelo enhliziyo afinyele futhi anwebeke ngendlela ehlelekile, okuyikho okupompa igazi.

Cishe uke wabona udokotela enza ukuhlolwa kwe -ECG (Electrocardiogram) lapho ehlola inhliziyo yakho. Benza lokhu kuhlolwa ngokukulalisa embhedeni bese benamathisela izitika ezincane esifubeni nasezingalweni zakho. Yilokho okuqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Lapho udokotela ebheka lokhu okuqoshiwe, ubona iphethini ethile yamagagasi ebizwa ngokuthi i-P, Q, R, S, T. Uhlamvu ngalunye lukutshela ukuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zenhliziyo zisebenza kanjani.

Kalula nje:

• Igagasi le-P: Isignali kagesi ebangela ukuthi amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo, i-atria, afinyele.
• I-QRS complex: Isignali kagesi ebangela ukuthi amakamelo aphansi enhliziyo, abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle, anciphe. Yilokhu okupompa igazi emzimbeni ngokuyinhloko.
• Igagasi lika-T: Ama-ventricle aseqedile ukufinyela, aphumule futhi, futhi alungiselela ukushaya okulandelayo. Kufana nokugijima bese uphumula kancane.

Manje nansi into ebalulekile. Isikhawu se-QT yisikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-QRS complex kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-T wave. Lena yindlela odokotela abalinganisa ngayo ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi amakamelo aphansi enhliziyo yakho (ama-'ventricles') alungiselele ukushaya okulandelayo ngemva kokushaya okukodwa. Ngokuvamile, isikhawu se-QT enhliziyweni enempilo siphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0.35 no-0.45. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu one- SQTS , lesi sikhathi singaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-0.34. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo iqala ukushaya futhi ngaphambi kokuba iphumule.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) kanye ne-Long QT Syndrome?

Lokhu kungabaluleka nakuwe. Kanye ne-SQTS, kunesinye isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) . Kufana nje nolunye uhlangothi lwemali, akunjalo?

• I-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS): Isikhathi se-QT sifushane ngendlela engavamile (ngokuvamile singaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-0.34).
• I-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS): Isikhathi se-QT sihlala isikhathi eside ngendlela engavamile (ngokuvamile singaphezu kwemizuzwana engu-0.45).

Zombili lezi zimo zingabangela izinkinga ezithinta isigqi senhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kungase kuhluke. Namuhla sizokhuluma kuphela nge-SQTS.

Ubani ongathuthukisa i-SQTS?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Akwaziwa ngisho nokuthi bangaki abantu emhlabeni abanaso, kodwa asivamile kangako. Ucwaningo oluthile luthole ukuthi izimpawu ze-SQTS zingavela kwabanye abantu ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Bese kuthiwa izimpawu zingaphinde zivele ebudaleni obusha ngisho nasebudaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-SQTS?

I-SQTS yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo . Njengoba nje umbala wamehlo akho kanye nokuthungwa kwezinwele kunqunywa izakhi zofuzo zakho, lesi sifo singabangelwa nawukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

Kunezindlela ezimbili lokhu okungenzeka ngazo:

1. Ifa elivela kubazali: Uma umama noma ubaba wakho enalolu hlobo lofuzo, nawe ungaluthola njengefa.

2. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphandle kwesizathu: Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungenzeka emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngisho noma kungekho muntu emndenini wakho onakho.

Lezi zinguquko zofuzo zishintsha ukusebenza kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi ze-ion emaseli enhliziyo. Lezi ziteshi ze-ion zisiza izimpawu zikagesi zenhliziyo ukuthi zihambe kahle. Uma kunenkinga ngazo, isikhathi se-QT siyafinyezwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-SQTS?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-SQTS onezimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi baba nezimpawu ezithile.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingafana nezezinye izifo zenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yini efana nale, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

• I-Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Kubikwa ukuthi luthinta cishe abantu abane kwabahlanu abane-SQTS. I-AFib yilapho amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria) engashayi kahle, kodwa esikhundleni salokho "eqhuma." Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo ishaye ngokungajwayelekile.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu angase abe nalesi sibonakaliso. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi othile ushaya ngaphakathi esifubeni sakhe, noma kungase kuzwakale sengathi empeleni uzwa ukushaya kwesifuba sakhe.
• Ukuzungeza kanye nokuquleka noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo: Lokhu kungathinta umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-4. Kungabangela umuzwa wokuba nekhanda elibuthakathaka futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Ngeshwa, abanye abantu (cishe ababili kwabayi-5) baqala ukuzwa ukuthi bane-SQTS ngemuva kokushaywa yinhliziyo noma ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubangelwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okuyingozi (i-arrhythmia) emakamelweni aphansi enhliziyo, njenge -ventricular fibrillation noma i-ventricular tachycardia, okubangela ukuba inhliziyo iyeke ukushaya ngokuzumayo. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.

Cabanga nje, kukhona insizwa eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala egama layo lingu-Asanka. Yayingumdlali omuhle futhi inempilo enhle. Ngolunye usuku, ngesikhathi idlala ikhilikithi nabangani bayo, yawa phansi ngokuzumayo ibambe isifuba sayo. Yaphuthunyiswa esibhedlela, kodwa ayizange isindiswe. Ukuhlolwa kwakamuva kwembula ukuthi u-Asanka wayene-SQTS. Kuyadabukisa ukuzwa izinto ezinjalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinto.

I-SQTS ihlolwa kanjani?

Uma usola ukuthi une-SQTS, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo. Bese benza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Lulinganisa isikhawu se-QT. Ngokuvamile, uma isikhawu se-QT singaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-0.34 futhi kunezinye izimpawu, kusolwa ukuthi i-SQTS. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma isikhawu se-QT siphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0.34 nengu-0.36, i-SQTS ingacatshangelwa uma kunezinye izimpawu (isb., umlando womndeni we-SQTS, ama-spell okuquleka angachazeki).
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko zofuzo ezibangela i-SQTS. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni lesi sifo futhi kunqume ukuthi amanye amalungu omndeni asengozini yini.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ungabi nazimpawu futhi ngephutha uthole ukuthi isikhathi sakho se-QT sifushane uma une-ECG ngesinye isizathu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-SQTS?

Nakuba i-SQTS iyisimo esibucayi, ingelapheka. Yelashwa udokotela wenhliziyo. Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angase asikisele izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• I-Implatable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): Lena yindlela yokwelapha ethembeke kakhulu kubantu abadala abane-SQTS. I-ICD umshini omncane ofakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba futhi uxhunywe enhliziyweni. Lo mshini uqapha njalo isigqi senhliziyo. Uma kwenzeka ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okuyingozi (i-arrhythmia), i-ICD ithumela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushaqeka kukagesi enhliziyweni ukuze kubuyiselwe isigqi. Kufana nomqaphi wokuphila ophuthumayo.
• Imithi: Kunemithi yokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo elawula isigqi senhliziyo. Isibonelo, i-quinidine ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-SQTS. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akunikeze imithi efana ne -flecainide (Tambocor™) , i-ibutilide (Corvert® ), i-propafenone , i- amiodarone , i- sotalol , noma ama-beta-blockers (isb., i-metoprolol (Toprol XL®, Lopressor®) , i-carvedilol (Coreg®) ).

Okubalulekile: Le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekuyalele, futhi njengoba ekutshela. Ukusebenzisa imithi ngokwakho kungaba nemiphumela eyingozi.

Ingabe ingozi ye-SQTS ingancishiswa?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-SQTS iyisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo, ayikho indlela yokusivimbela ukuthi singakhuli. Akuyona into esingayilawula.

Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi une-SQTS, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wenhliziyo njalo bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe. Bangaqapha impilo yenhliziyo yakho futhi basize ekunciphiseni ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, okungenzeka ngenxa ye-SQTS.

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ne-SQTS?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ubude besikhathi ongaphila ngaso ne-SQTS bungahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Kwabanye abantu, i-SQTS ingabangela ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Izilinganiso zithi abantu abane-SQTS basengozini engu-40% yokufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo lapho beneminyaka engu-40. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-0-1 kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha abaneminyaka engu-20-40. Uma lokhu kwenzeka enganeni ephakathi kweminyaka yokuzalwa nonyaka owodwa, odokotela bangase bakubize ngokuthi yi -Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) .

Kodwa, ungakhathazeki ngalokhu. Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onesikhathi esifushane se-QT (ngaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-360) ku-ECG one-SQTS, futhi akuwona wonke umuntu osengozini yokufa ngokuzumayo kwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu abane-SQTS bangaphila impilo evamile ngaphandle kokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-SQTS iyisimo esingavamile, abacwaningi basaphenya ukuthi ithinta kanjani impilo yabo.

Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ukuphatha isimo sakho, nokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.

Yini enye ongathanda ukuyibuza udokotela wakho?

Uma usola ukuthi une-SQTS, noma uma utholakale unayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-SQTS? Ingabe izimpawu zami ziyahambisana nalokhu?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka ngizenze ukuze ngithole i-SQTS?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo? Yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila engingayenza ukuze ngigcine inhliziyo yami iphilile? (isib., ukugwema imithi ethile, imisebenzi ethile)
• Angakanani amathuba okuthi izingane zami zizothola i-SQTS njengefa? Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okufanele kutholakale?

Ngaphezu kwale mibuzo, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yini oyicabangayo noma onayo ukungabaza ngayo.

Nasi isifinyezo salokho esikuxoxile (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Kulungile-ke, ake sikhumbule lokho esikukhulume ngakho:

• I-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo.
• Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi isikhawu se-QT, isikhathi esithile emsebenzini kagesi wenhliziyo, siba sifushane ngendlela engavamile. Kalula nje, kunciphisa isikhathi esithathwa amakamelo angaphansi enhliziyo ukulungiselela ukushaya okulandelayo ngemva kokushaya okukodwa.
• Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukuquleka, kanye nokuqina kwesifuba.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo.
• I-SQTS yisimo esibi kakhulu esingaholela ekumisweni kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo ngisho nokufa.
• Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungatholakala nge-ECG kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo.
• Lokhu kungelashwa ngamadivayisi e-ICD kanye nemithi.
• Uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, noma uma kukhona emndenini wakho onalolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Khumbula, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinto nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngikufisela impilo enhle!

Isifo se-QT esifushane, i-SQTS, isifo senhliziyo, i-ECG, isikhawu se-QT, isifo sofuzo, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe, i-ICD