Cabanga ukuthi ipayipi lamanzi endlini yakho livalwe yinto ethile. Bese amanzi awagelezi kahle bese ebhajwa endaweni eyodwa, okubangela inkinga enkulu. Yilokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngesikhathi se-"Sickle Cell Crisis". Lokhu kuyinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokucacile namuhla.
Iyini lesi sifo se-sickle cell ( SCD ) kanye 'nenkinga'?
Kalula nje, igazi lethu liqukethe uhlobo lweseli elibizwa ngokuthi
amangqamuzana egazi abomvu . Kumuntu ophilile, lawa maseli ayindilinga futhi ayaguquguquka. Afana namabhola amancane. Lokhu kuwavumela ukuthi ahambe emithanjeni yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa futhi athwale umoya-mpilo aye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu onesifo
se-Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) , amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu akhiwe ngendlela ehlukile. Awayindilinga, kodwa
agobile abe yisimo se-C . Futhi, lawa maseli aqinile kakhulu futhi anamathela. Ngakho-ke, lapho lawa maseli anomumo wesikela ehamba kuleyo mithambo yegazi emincane, avame ukubambeka endaweni eyodwa.
Njengoba nje amanzi asempayipini okukhulunywe ngawo ekuqaleni ebhajwa, la maseli ayahlangana futhi amise ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi.
Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuma ngale ndlela, izingxenye zomzimba ezondliwa yilowo msele azitholi umoya-mpilo odingekayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi
(i-Hypoxia) kwezesayensi yezokwelapha. Lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kubangela ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki nobunamandla kakhulu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi
"iSickle Cell Crisis" . Lobuhlungu bungahlala kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincane esifubeni, kungenzeka isimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi
(i-Acute Chest Syndrome) . Lokhu kuthinta iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-50% ze-sickle cell.
Yiziphi izimpawu 'zenkinga yamaseli esikele'?
Kulesi simo, umuntu ngamunye angabonisa izimpawu ezihlukile. Kodwa kunezimpawu ezivamile. Ake sizibheke etafuleni.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo ngakho |
|---|
| Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki | Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu. Ubuhlungu bungase buvele ngokuzumayo futhi bungaba buthuntu, buhlabe, bucindezele, noma bubukhali. Buvame ukuzwakala ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, esiswini, esifubeni nasemhlane ongezansi. Ezinganeni ezincane, ubuhlungu bungase bube bukhulu kakhulu ezintendeni zezandla nasezinyaweni. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuphefumula kanzima, okuhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba, kungase kube khona. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu. |
| Ukukhathala/ukukhathala okukhulu | Ungase uzizwe ungaphili futhi ukhathele kakhulu. |
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba (i-Jaundice) | Amhlophe emehlweni nasesikhumbeni angase abe phuzi. |
| Ezinye izici | Ukujuluka, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubunzima bokunyakaza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kanye nokuvuka komlomo okubuhlungu emadodeni kungase kwenzeke. |
Ingabe zikhona izizathu ezithile zale 'nkinga'?
Ngokuvamile kunzima ukukhomba imbangela eqondile yalesi simo, kodwa kuye kwatholakala 'izimbangela' eziningana ezivamile ezingaba nomthelela kuso.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni : Ukungaphuzi amanzi anele.
- Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa: Ukuya endaweni enokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe. Isibonelo, ukusuka ekamelweni elinomoya opholile kuya ekuphumeni ngaphandle ngokuzumayo elangeni elishisayo.
- Ukutheleleka: Ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane njengomkhuhlane kungaba yimbangela yalokhu.
- Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile nakho kuyimbangela enkulu.
- Izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu: Ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, njengeziqongo zezintaba, lapho kunomoya-mpilo omncane khona.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kuvela 'inkinga'? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma unalesi simo,
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uqhamuka nohlelo lokwelapha ukuze ubhekane 'nenkinga' uma ivele. Izinto ongazenza ekhaya
Lapho nje ubuhlungu buqala, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ekhaya.- Phuza amanzi amaningi: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umzimba wakho unamanzi.
- Ama-Painkillers: Ungathatha umuthi ovamile wokuqeda izinhlungu njenge -Paracetamol noma i-Ibuprofen . Kodwa buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimuphi umuthi okulungele wena. Isibonelo, uma unezinkinga zezinso, i-Paracetamol ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.
- Ezinye izindlela: Ukufaka ibhodlela lamanzi ashisayo, ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo, kanye nokuhlikihla ngobumnene kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu.
- Impilo yengqondo: Thulisa ingqondo yakho ngezindlela ezifana nokuzindla. Funa ukwesekwa emndenini nakubangane.
Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha
Kunemithi ethile ethile odokotela abayincomayo ukuvimbela nokuphatha le 'nkinga'.- I-Hydroxyurea : Lo muthi unciphisa ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi amise okwesikela, okunciphisa ukuvama 'kwezinkinga' ezibuhlungu.
- Impuphu yomlomo ye-L-glutamine (Endari): Lokhu kusiza futhi ukuvimbela 'inkinga' nokunciphisa isidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela.
- I-Crizanlizumab-tmca (i-Adakveo): Lo muthi uvimba amaseli egazi ukuthi anganamatheli ndawonye futhi avimbele imithambo yegazi.
- Ulwazi olubalulekile: Umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Voxeletor (Oxbryta) wawusetshenziswa ngaphambilini ngale njongo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, wasuswa emakethe ngoSepthemba 2024. Uma okwamanje uthatha lo muthi, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngawo nodokotela wakho ngokushesha bese ushintshela kolunye ukwelashwa okufanele.
Uma ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kungalawuli ubuhlungu, yiya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) esibhedlela ngaphandle kokulibala. Lapho uzonikezwa imithi enamandla yokudambisa izinhlungu. Kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho ubuhlungu bulawulwa.
Ingabe 'inkinga' ingavinjelwa?
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuyimisa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi 'yenkinga' . Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okufanele zenziwe:
- Zivikele emakhazeni:Gwema ukugeza noma ukubhukuda emanzini abandayo. Gqoka izingubo ezifudumele ngezinsuku ezibandayo nalapho uya ezindaweni ezine-AC.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi: Phuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke.
- Nciphisa utshwala: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ukuhamba ngendiza: Uma uhamba, ndiza kuphela ngendiza yezentengiselwano enekhabhini elinomfutho.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Thola izindlela zokugcina ingqondo yakho ikhululekile.
Ukuze uhlale uphilile ngokujwayelekile,
- Gwema ukugula: Gwema ukuhlangana nabantu abagulayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Geza izandla zakho njalo.
- Gwema ukubhema.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca okulula kuhle, kodwa gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima kakhulu (njengokuqeqesha isisindo esinzima). Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uvivinya umzimba.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unezinye izifo, njengesifo sikashukela, zilawule kahle ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
- Goma: Thola yonke imijovo edingekayo ngesikhathi.
- Ukukhulelwa: Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inkinga yamaseli esikela iyisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu esibangelwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amise okwesikela avimba imithambo yegazi emincane, okuholela ekusweleni komoya-mpilo.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuqala ngokuzumayo kobuhlungu obukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu.
- Lesi simo singabangelwa izinto ezifana nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukutheleleka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
- Landela njalo uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho. Uma ubuhlungu bungenakulawuleka ekhaya, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ingozi 'yenkinga' ingancishiswa ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi njalo, ukuzivikela emakhazeni, nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.
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