Cishe uke wezwa kogogo nomkhulu wakho "ngesifo esikhulu" sesikhathi esidlule. Leso yisifo sofuba. Abantu babesaba kakhulu isifo sofuba ngaleso sikhathi kangangokuthi babecabanga ukuthi siwuphawu lokufa. Kodwa sinenhlanhla namuhla, ngoba lesi sifo esibi asisekho emhlabeni. Ngakho ake sixoxe namuhla ngokuthi siyini isifo sofuba, ukuthi saqedwa kanjani, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukwazi ngaso.
Iyini ngempela i-smallpox?
Kalula nje, i-smallpox iyisifo esibi kakhulu nesithathelwanayo esasakazeka emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Uma kwenzeka, kubangela ukuthi kuvele ama-pustules agcwele amanzi, agcwele ubomvu, aqinile, afana namatshe emzimbeni wonke. Ngemva kokuba la ma-blisters omile, amanxeba ajulile ahlala impilo yonke. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa cishe oyedwa kwabathathu abangenwe yilesi sifo washona . Cabanga ukuthi lokho kwakukubi kangakanani. Izigidi zabantu zafa ngenxa yalesi sifo.
Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngawo-1960, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ibilokhu isebenza nawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni ukuqeda lesi sifo. Ngokugoma nokulawula lesi sifo, lo mzamo omkhulu uye waphumelela. Ngo-1980, kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi i-smallpox yayisuswe ngokuphelele emhlabeni . Icala lokugcina lalesi sifo elivela ngokwemvelo labikwa ngo-1977.
Manje i-smallpox ayisatholakali ndawo emhlabeni?
Cha. I-smallpox ayisasabalali ngokwemvelo phakathi kwabantu. Akukaze kube khona icala elilodwa le-smallpox elibikiwe emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45.
Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu ezifezwe emlandweni wezokwelapha kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Kuyamangalisa ngempela ukuthi abantu bahlangane, basebenzisane, futhi baqeda isifo esibulalayo emhlabeni.
Kodwa-ke, amasampula egciwane elibangela i-smallpox, igciwane le-Variola, agcinwe ngaphansi kokuphepha okuqinile emalabhorethri amabili e-United States naseRussia ngezinjongo zocwaningo kuphela.
Sasinqoba kanjani lesi sifo esibi kangaka?
Ingxibongo yaqedwa ngenxa yezici eziningana. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda.
- Abantu abathintekile kuphela: Lesi sifo sithinte abantu kuphela. Sasingadluliselwa ngezinye izindlela, njengezilwane noma omiyane. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo kwakulula ukusilawula.
- Kulula ukuyibona: Wonke umuntu othole i-smallpox waba nezimpawu. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqhuma okuphawulekayo, kwakulula ukubona umuntu owayenalesi sifo. Kwakungekho bantu abathwala izifo abangenazo izimpawu ababengazi ukuthi banaso futhi ababengasidlulisela kwabanye.
- Sabalalisa kancane kancane:Lesi sifo saqala ukusabalala lapho isiguli sigula kakhulu futhi singakwazi ukuhambahamba. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukusabalala kuphela ngokuxhumana eduze, njengaphakathi kwabantu abahlala endlini eyodwa.
- Indlela "Yokugomela Ngendandatho": Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka kuphela kubantu abaseduze, izikhulu zezempilo zakwazi ukuthola ngokushesha wonke umuntu owayethinte isiguli (amalungu omndeni, omakhelwane) futhi zisigomele. Lokhu kwakubizwa ngokuthi "ukugomela ngendandatho." Lokhu kwavimba lesi sifo ukuba singasabalali ngale kwaleyo ndawo.
- Ukungavikeleki okukhona kakade: Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo besikhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka, abanye abantu base belulame kakade kulesi sifo futhi bathuthukise ukungavikeleki kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, bambalwa abantu okwakudingeka bagonywe ukuze bavimbele ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sengxibongo?
Izimpawu ze-smallpox zivela ngezigaba eziningana. Kubalulekile ukwazi lokhu ngokunembile.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izici zokuqala | Kuhlala izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine. Kubangela umkhuhlane omkhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka, kanye nokuhlanza. |
| Ukuqubuka | Kuqala kuqala emlonyeni nasebusweni, bese kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. |
| Amabhamuza nokubilisa | Amabala abomvu okuqala aphenduka izilonda, bese kuba amabhamuza aqinile, anamaqhubu (ama-pustules). Lawa agcwala ubomvu. |
Izimpawu zokuqala, njengomkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, zihlala izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Umkhuhlane ungaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuqhuma kuvele. Ukuqhuma nakho kuhamba ngezigaba eziningana.
Izigaba Zokuthuthukiswa Kokuqubuka
I-Smallpox yisifo esikhethekile kakhulu. Ake sibheke izigaba zaso.
| Isiteji | Kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuqubuka Kwasekuqaleni | Ngemva kwezimpawu zokuqala, kuvela amabala abomvu olimini, emlonyeni, nasemphinjeni. Lokhu kuba izilonda nama-blister. Yilapho lesi sifo sithelelana kakhulu. |
| 2. Ukusabalalisa Ukuqhuma | Ngemva kokuba izilonda zivele emlonyeni, ukuqhuma kusakazekela ebusweni, bese kuba ezingalweni, emilenzeni, esifubeni nasemhlane. Phakathi nosuku olulodwa, umzimba wonke, okuhlanganisa izintende zezandla nezinyawo, ugcwele ukuqhuma. |
| 3. Ama-pustules | Amaqhubu esikhumbeni aqala ukugcwala uketshezi olujiyile (ubomvu). Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, la maqhubu aba manzi kakhulu. La maqhubu ayindilinga futhi aqinile. |
| 4. Ama-scabs | Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ezilandelayo, kuvela amaqhubu aqinile emaqhubu avuvukele. |
| 5. Ukuhluba ama-crust | Ngemva kwesonto cishe, la maqhubu ayawa ngamunye ngamunye, kodwa ashiya amaqhubu ajulile, ahlala isikhathi eside lapho ayekhona. |
Ingabe kwakukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-smallpox?
Yebo, kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zesifo sengxibongo, ngasinye sinobunzima obuhlukile.
- I-smallpox evamile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Cishe ama-85% eziguli ayenalolu hlobo. Zonke izimpawu esixoxe ngazo ngenhla zingezohlobo lolu. Umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abaluthola washona.
- I-smallpox yohlobo olushintshiwe: Lolu hlobo lubikiwe kwabanye abantu ababethole umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox ngaphambilini. Izimpawu zifana neze-smallpox evamile, kodwa ukuqubuka akukubi kangako futhi lesi sifo siphela ngokushesha. Inani labafayo kulolu hlobo liphansi kakhulu.
- I-smallpox yohlobo oluyisicaba:Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuqala zimbi kakhulu. Amabhamuza awaqini noma agcwale ubomvu. Kunalokho, ayahlangana futhi akhe ukuqubuka okuthambile nokuyisicaba. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni. Uma lolu hlobo luvela, ukufa cishe kuqinisekile.
- I-smallpox ephuma igazi: Uhlobo olubi kakhulu, oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Izimpawu zokuqala zimbi kakhulu. Ama-blister awakhuli, kodwa esikhundleni salokho, igazi liqala ukuphuma ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isikhumba siphenduke sibe mnyama futhi sibonakale sishile. Izitho zangaphakathi nazo zingase zophe. Lolu hlobo cishe luzobangela ukufa.
Ake sixoxe kancane ngomuthi wokugomela ingxibongo.
Umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox uyingqophamlando ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wezokwelapha.
Umuthi wokugomela isifo wokuqala emhlabeni owasungulwa kwakungowe-smallpox.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, udokotela ogama lakhe lingu-Edward Jenner waphawula ukuthi abesifazane abasenga izinkomo ezine-cowpox abazange babe nesifo esibulalayo se-smallpox. I-Cowpox yisifo esincane, kodwa esibulalayo, esithinta abantu.
Wakuhlola lokhu futhi wakuqinisekisa. Njengoba igciwane le-cowpox kanye negciwane le-smallpox zifana kakhulu, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba lapho uthola i-cowpox nawo avikela igciwane le-smallpox. Ngakho-ke wanikeza umuntu ophilile uketshezi oluthathwe esibhamuzeni sesiguli se-cowpox, futhi lowo muntu wavikeleka esibhamuzeni. Igama elithi "umuthi wokugomela" livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "Vacca", elisho "inkomo".
Isibazi somuthi wokugomela i-smallpox
Wake wabona isibazi esiyindilinga, esincane, esiphakanyisiwe engalweni engenhla kagogo wakho noma kamkhulu wakho? Leso isibazi esenzeka ngemva kokunikezwa komuthi wokugomela i-smallpox. Ngokungafani neminye imijovo, umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox unikezwa ngokuhlaba isikhumba ngenaliti enesihloko esiqhekekile. Kuvela inxeba elincane lapho, kwakheka i-blister, bese kuba isibazi esisala lapho siphola. Ngemva kuka-1972, lo muthi wokugomela wamiswa naseSri Lanka.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-smallpox, i-chickenpox kanye ne-Mpox?
Lokhu kuyinto edida abantu abaningi.
- Ingxibongo: Lesi yisifo esibulalayo esibangelwa yigciwane iVariola, esesisusiwe emhlabeni manje.
- I-Mpox (eyayikade iyi-Monkeypox): Lokhu kungokweqembu elifanayo lamagciwane njenge-smallpox, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Orthopoxvirus. Nakuba izimpawu zifana kancane ne-smallpox, i-Mpox ayinzima njenge-smallpox.
- I-Chickenpox: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa igciwane elihluke ngokuphelele (igciwane elithi `Varicella-zoster`). Naphezu kokuthi igama elithi "pox" likhona, alinalutho oluhlobene ne-smallpox. Ama-chickenpox blisters ngokuvamile awashiyi izibazi (ngaphandle kokuthi aklwebhe).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Smallpox yisifo esibi kakhulu, esithathelwanayo esabulala izigidi zabantu esikhathini esidlule.
- Lesi sifo saqedwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni ngo-1980 , ngenxa yohlelo olukhulu lokugoma olwaqalwa ngaphansi kobuholi be-World Health Organization.
- Lokhu kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu ezifezwe empilweni yomphakathi emlandweni wesintu.
- Namuhla, ingxibongo ayiveli ngokwemvelo noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba ngokungadingekile ngayo.
- Impumelelo yokuqeda i-smallpox isifundisa ukuthi ngisho nezifo ezibhubhisa kakhulu zinganqotshwa ngesayensi, ukuzibophezela, kanye nokubambisana komhlaba wonke.
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