Iyini i-cholesterol?

Mhlawumbe uke wezwa nge -cholesterol ndawana thize, akunjalo? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ngayo , noma uyibonile ephephandabeni noma ku-TV. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-cholesterol iyinto embi emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa ingabe lokho kuyiqiniso ngempela?

Kwenzekani nge-cholesterol emzimbeni wethu?

Kalula nje, i-cholesterol uhlobo lwamafutha emizimbeni yethu. Ngokwesayensi, "iyi-lipid". Njengoba lawa mafutha engancibiliki emanzini, awancibiliki egazini lethu, kodwa ahamba ngegazi aye engxenyeni ngayinye yomzimba. Cabanga nje, i-cholesterol ibalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu isebenze kahle. Inezinsizakalo eziningana emzimbeni wethu:

• I-cholesterol isiza ekwakheni udonga oluvikelayo oluzungeze amangqamuzana amancane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, abizwa ngokuthi ama-cell membrane . Lawa ma-cell membrane alawula okungena esitokisini nalokho okuphuma esitokisini. Njengesango.
• I-cholesterol isiza isibindi sethu ukuthi senze i-bile . Njengoba wazi, le bile ibalulekile ekugayweni kahle kokudla esikudlayo.
• Futhi, i-cholesterol iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe amanye ama-hormone akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu, ikakhulukazi ama-hormone ocansi , kanye ne-vitamin D.

Uyabona? I-cholesterol akuyona nje into embi. Isiza imizimba yethu ukuthi yenze izinto eziningi ezibalulekile.

Ngakho-ke uma i-cholesterol idingeka, kungani sikhathazeke kangaka ngayo?

Yebo, imizimba yethu empeleni idinga inani elithile le-cholesterol ukuze isebenze. Kodwa-ke, inkinga iwukuthi uma sine-cholesterol eningi kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Njengoba nje sidla ukudla, uma sidla okungaphezu kwalokho esikudingayo, siyagula. Ngokufanayo, uma i-cholesterol iphezulu, okungukuthi, lapho izinga le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu kunenani elinconywayo (i-hyperlipidemia) noma lapho izinhlobo zamafutha emzimbeni zingalingani (i-dyslipidemia), singaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ikakhulukazi, ingozi yokuthola isifo senhliziyo , okungukuthi, isifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo, iphezulu kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, cishe u-80% we-cholesterol esiyidingayo emzimbeni wethu yenziwa yisibindi sethu. Okunye kuvela ekudleni esikudlayo. Ngokuvamile, imizimba yethu ingahlunga i-cholesterol eningi kulokhu kudla. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, le nqubo ayisebenzi kahle, noma inani le-cholesterol esilidlayo ekudleni esikudlayo liba liningi kakhulu ukuba lingaphathwa.

Ngakho-ke le cholesterol eningi ingena kanjani emzimbeni?

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

• Izimbangela zofuzo:Abanye abantu banesifo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi " Familial Hypercholesterolemia ". Umuntu onalesi simo uba nobunzima bokususa kahle i-cholesterol engafuneki egazini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cholesterol iyanqwabelana egazini futhi amazinga ayakhuphuka.
• Ukudla kwethu: Esinye isici esibalulekile ukudla esikudlayo . Okunye kokudla esikudlayo kungakhuphula amazinga ethu e-cholesterol. Le nkinga ingavela uma sidla amafutha agcwele kakhulu avela emikhiqizweni yezilwane (isibonelo, inyama, ubisi, ushizi, ibhotela) kanye namafutha e-trans (avame ukutholakala ekudleni okucutshungulwe, ekudleni okupakishwe, kanye nokudla okusheshayo). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho esikudlayo.

I-cholesterol ihamba kanjani egazini lethu?

I-cholesterol itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa sivame ukukhuluma futhi sizwa nge-cholesterol egazini. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo yamakhemikhali, i-cholesterol ayikwazi ukuhamba egazini yodwa. Ngakho-ke, kumele ihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlayiya. Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol ihlangana namaprotheni kanye nolunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides . Sibiza le nhlayiya ekhethekile eyakhiwe yinhlanganisela ye-cholesterol, amaprotheni, kanye nama-triglycerides ngokuthi i-lipoprotein .

Ziyini lezi lipoprotein?

Cabanga ngama-lipoprotein njengezimoto ezincane ezakhiwe ngamafutha namaprotheni. Lezi zimoto zingahamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Ngamanye amazwi, zifana nezikebhe ezithwala izimpahla zisuka komunye umuzi ziye komunye. Ezinye izikebhe zithwala ukudla nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ziyisa edolobheni. Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwesikebhe oluthwala udoti lusuka edolobheni.

Kunjalo nangaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Kukhona ama-lipoprotein athile athwala i-cholesterol ezicutshini nasemaseli ahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Le cholesterol ibalulekile emzimbeni. Kodwa uma ikhula kakhulu, iba yimbi. Yingakho sidinga ezinye izinhlobo zama-lipoprotein ezithatha leyo cholesterol eningi bese ziyisusa.

Cishe uke wezwa ngala ma-lipoprotein ngamagama awo okuzibiza. Avame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-LDL cholesterol kanye ne-HDL cholesterol. Lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-cholesterol. Kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo. Ngakho ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo ze-cholesterol nokuthi zenzani emzimbeni.

Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cholesterol esizibuzayo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu. Ukuhlolwa okubheka i-cholesterol egazini lakho kubizwa ngokuthi iphrofayili yamafutha.Uma wenza eyodwa, uzobona ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-cholesterol ezibalwe kulowo mbiko. Uma usuwazi ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lusho ukuthini, kuzoba lula kakhulu ngawe ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nge-cholesterol.

I-cholesterol ye-LDL - ingabe lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi"?

I-cholesterol ye-LDL imele ama-Lipoprotein aphansi . Lezi zinhlayiya zakhiwe kakhulu yi-cholesterol. Umsebenzi wala ma-LDL ukuthwala i-cholesterol emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Ama-LDL aqanjwe ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi" . Kungani kunjalo?

I-LDL ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi uma ijikeleza kakhulu egazini. Khona-ke le cholesterol ye-LDL, kanye nezinye izinto, iqala ukuqongelela emithanjeni yethu yegazi, okungukuthi, ezindongeni zemithambo yethu. Sibiza ungqimba olukhulu lwamafutha olwakha ngale ndlela ngokuthi 'i-plaque' . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le plaque ikhula kancane kancane, inciphise isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Ukuqongelela kwe-plaque ezindongeni zemithambo ngale ndlela kubizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Lesi simo sandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izifo eziyingozi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Ngakho- ke kubalulekile ukugcina izinga le-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL liphansi . Kumuntu omdala ojwayelekile, kungcono ukuligcina lingaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL (ama-milligram nge-deciliter). Uma unesimo esifana ne-atherosclerosis, okuyiqoqo lamafutha emithanjeni yakho, odokotela batusa ukugcina izinga le-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL lingaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL.

I-cholesterol ye-HDL - ngakho-ke ingabe lena yi-cholesterol "enhle"?

I-cholesterol ye-HDL imele ama-High-Density Lipoproteins . Lawa ma-lipoprotein akhiwa kakhulu ngamaprotheni. I-HDL yaziwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle" . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HDL iqoqa i-cholesterol eningi egazini bese iyibuyisela esibindini. Isibindi sibe sesiyiphula bese siyisusa emzimbeni. Le nqubo ebalulekile ibizwa nangokuthi i-reverse cholesterol transport.

Izinga lakho le-cholesterol le-HDL yinto ofuna ukuyigcina iphezulu . Uma ungowesilisa, kufanele uhlose ukugcina izinga lakho le-HDL okungenani lingu-40 mg/dL. Uma ungowesifazane, kufanele uhlose ukugcina okungenani lingu-50 mg/dL.

Kubo bonke abantu abadala, izinga le-HDL elingaphezu kuka-60 mg/dL libhekwa njengelihle kakhulu. Liphinde lisize ekunciphiseni ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Ingabe ikhona into efana ne-VLDL cholesterol?

Yebo, i-cholesterol ye-VLDL imele ama-Lipoprotein Aphansi Kakhulu.I-VLDL ithwala kakhulu ama-triglycerides (olunye uhlobo lwamafutha) kanye ne-cholesterol. Ineprotheni encane kunezinye izinhlobo. Njenge-LDL, i-VLDL ibhekwa “njengembi” ngoba ingaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque emithanjeni yethu yegazi.

Kalula nje, i-cholesterol enhle (i-HDL) isiza ukususa i-cholesterol embi (izinto eziyingozi ku-LDL kanye ne-VLDL) egazini. I-cholesterol ye-LDL iyona ebangela ukwakheka kwama-plaque emithanjeni yegazi.

Yiziphi izinto ezingathinta amazinga ami e-cholesterol?

Kunezici eziningana ezithinta amazinga ethu e-cholesterol. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Ubudala: Njengoba sikhula, amazinga ethu e-cholesterol ngokuvamile anganda kancane kancane.
• Ukudla: Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, amafutha agcwele kanye namafutha e-trans ekudleni esikudlayo kungakhuphula amazinga akho e-LDL ("amabi") cholesterol. Ukudla kancane kwalolu hlobo lwamafutha kungasiza kakhulu ekwehliseni i-cholesterol.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile nokulingene kungasiza ekukhuphuleni amazinga akho e-HDL (“alungile”). Zama ukwenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca umzimba okulingene izinsuku eziningi zesonto.
• Ufuzo: Izakhi zofuzo zakho nazo zidlala indima ekutheni umzimba wakho wenza i-cholesterol engakanani. Kweminye imindeni, i-cholesterol ephezulu ingangena emindenini.
• Ubulili nama-hormone: Ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, abesifazane bavame ukuba namazinga aphansi e-cholesterol ephelele kunabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, abesifazane bangase babe namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol e-LDL ("embi") kanye namazinga aphansi e-cholesterol e-HDL ("enhle").

Ingabe kufanele ngihlolwe i-cholesterol yami? Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma iphezulu?

Yebo, kunjalo! Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu aqaphele amazinga e-cholesterol yakhe. Ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki i-cholesterol, noma i -lipid panel eshiwo ngenhla, kuncike eminyakeni yakho kanye nezinye izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo (isb., isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema). Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho bese ubuza ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki lokhu. Ukwazi amazinga akho e-cholesterol kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele esifweni senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo.

Cabanga nje, uma umbiko uthi izinga lakho le-cholesterol liphezulu, ungesabi. Udokotela uzokubhalela ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha lokhu yilezi:

• Izinguquko ekudleni: Lokhu kusho ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo okune-cholesterol ephansi, amafutha aphansi, i-fiber ephezulu, kanye nezithelo nemifino eminingi.
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila:Izinto ezinjengokuzivocavoca njalo, ukulawula isisindo sakho, nokuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Imithi: Abanye abantu bangase babe nobunzima bokulawula i-cholesterol yabo ngokudla nokuzivocavoca kuphela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, njenge-statins.

Kwabaningi, inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulawula i-cholesterol. Kodwa ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe, kufanele uhlole amazinga akho e-cholesterol bese ukhuluma nodokotela.

Ngakho-ke, uma ungakaze ubonane nodokotela isikhathi eside, nakanjani hamba uyohlola impilo yakho. Hamba uyohlolwa ngokwesimiso sikadokotela wakho. Hlala unolwazi mayelana ne-cholesterol yakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye namazinga kashukela egazini, okuyizinkomba zempilo yenhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi. Khumbula, akukaze kube sekuseni kakhulu ukucabanga ngempilo yenhliziyo yakho. Kuhle ukuqala ukucabanga ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze uyigcine iphilile namuhla.

Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umyalezo okufanele siwukhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

I-cholesterol uhlobo lwamafutha oludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu futhi olubalulekile kithi. Ukuze siphile impilo enhle, sidinga ukuba nenani elifanele le-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, ukuba ne-cholesterol eningi egazini kungaba yingozi empilweni yakho. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola amazinga akho e-cholesterol njalo bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho okushiwo yilezo zindinganiso.

Khumbula, ngokugcina ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ungalawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol futhi uphile impilo enempilo neyanelisayo. Uyaqonda? Ngakho-ke, ake sibhekane nalokhu kusukela namuhla!