Ingabe unomdlavuza wengxenye ethambile yomlomo wakho? (Umdlavuza Wezinhlungu Ezithambile) Masiqaphele lokhu!

Wake wazibuza ngengxenye ethambile, enenyama yomlomo wakho, ngemuva kophahla lomlomo wakho? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ulwanga oluthambile'. Ngezinye izikhathi, njenganoma yikuphi okunye emzimbeni wethu, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angakhula kule nwanga ethambile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngale 'Cancer Yolwanga Oluthambile'. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane uma uzwa lokhu, uma ukwazi, ungazibona izimpawu kusenesikhathi bese ufuna ukwelashwa.

Uyini Umdlavuza We-Soft Palate?

Kalula nje, ulwanga oluthambile luyingxenye ethambile ngemuva kophahla lomlomo wakho. Ngokuqondile, yingxenye ethambile, ehambayo lapho ingxenye eqinile yophahla lomlomo wakho iphela khona bese yehlela emphinjeni. Lapho umdlavuza uvela kule ndawo, ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wolwanga oluthambile.

Empeleni lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela emphinjeni. Odokotela bawubeka ngokuthi `(Umdlavuza We-Oropharynegal)`. Esikhathini esiningi, lo mdlavuza uvela ohlotsheni lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi `(Squamous Cell Carcinoma - SCC)`. Lawa maseli `(Squamous)` awuhlobo lwamaseli ayisicaba amboza ingaphakathi lomlomo wethu nomphimbo. Ngesizathu esithile, lawa maseli ahlukana ngendlela engavamile, engalawuleki, futhi anda ngokushesha, akhe izimila ezinomdlavuza.

Ingabe lo umdlavuza ovamile?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu kuvame kangakanani. Eqinisweni, akuyona umdlavuza ovame kakhulu . Isibonelo, ezweni elifana ne-United States, kunezigameko ezingaba ngu-53,000 zomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal ezibikwa minyaka yonke, kanti phakathi kuka-5% no-12% wazo ziwumdlavuza we-soft palate. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe abantu abaphakathi kuka-2,000 no-6,000 bahlakulela lesi simo minyaka yonke. Leli inani eliphansi lamacala uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Nokho, yize kungavamile, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukungazinaki lokhu. Ngoba uma othile eba nakho, kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, lo mdlavuza ungatholakala kaningi ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Bese kuba lula ukwelapha ngokususa isimila ngokuhlinzwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-soft palate?

Ngakho-ke, sizibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile? Qaphela uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu:

• Isilonda esingemuva kophahla lomlomo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-soft palate. Lesi silonda singaba buhlungu, singopha igazi, futhi singapholi isikhashana.
• Kufana nebala elimhlophe emlonyeni, elingasuki ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kungaba bomvu ngezinye izikhathi.
• Umlomo omubi (i-Halitosis) yisimo esenzeka uma uxubha amazinyo akho futhi ugeza umlomo wakho. Uma leli phunga lingapheli, kufanele ukhathazeke.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia). Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ukudla noma isiphuzo kubhajwe emphinjeni, noma ungase uzwe ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya.
• Iqhubu entanyeni. Ungase uzizwe sengathi iqhubu elincane entanyeni yakho. Lokhu kungaba ama-lymph node avuvukele.
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo (i-Trismus).Ungase uzizwe uqinile endaweni yomhlathi, njengokungathi awukwazi ukuvula umlomo wakho kabanzi ngokwanele.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo (i-Pharyngitis). Ngokungafani nomkhuhlane ovamile, lomphimbo obuhlungu akufanele unganakwa uma uhlala amasonto.
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe ubuhlungu bendlebe, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha bese uyahlolwa.

Umdlavuza we-soft palate ubonakala kanjani?

Ubukeka kanjani lo mdlavuza? Kungase kubonakale njengebala elimhlophe , isilonda esibomvu , noma iqhubu elincane elangeni lakho elithambile. Umlomo othambile yingxenye ethambile, enenyama yomphimbo wakho ephela engxenyeni eqinile yomlomo wakho. Yingxenye ephambi kwe-uvula, efana nolimi oluncane olulenga emphinjeni wakho.

Kungani lo mdlavuza womlomo othambile uvela?

Esikhathini esiningi, lo mdlavuza we-soft palate ubangelwa uhlobo lweseli olushiwo ngaphambilini olubizwa ngokuthi `(Squamous Cell Carcinoma - SCC)`. Lawa maseli atholakala emlonyeni wethu nangaphakathi emphinjeni wethu njengolwelwesi. Ngesizathu esithile, izakhi zofuzo zala maseli aphilile ziyashintsha (ziyashintsha), ziba amaseli omdlavuza, ahlukane ngokushesha futhi akhule ngaphandle kokulawulwa, akhe izimila.

Odokotela bathole ukuthi kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezandisa amathuba okuthola lo mdlavuza. Lezi yizi:

• Ukusebenzisa ugwayi ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ugwayi. Abantu abaningi ezweni lethu balutha kakhulu. Kuyingozi ngempela. Amakhemikhali akugwayi alimaza amangqamuzana omlomo nomphimbo, okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
• Ukuphuza utshwala njalo futhi ngokweqile. Ukuphuza kancane emaphathini nasemikhosini kuyindaba ehlukile, kodwa ukuphuza utshwala njalo futhi ngokweqile akuyona into enhle. Ingozi inkulu nakakhulu uma uphuza utshwala ngenkathi ubhema.

Ingabe i-human papillomavirus (HPV) ihilelekile?

Yebo, lokho kungaba yimbangela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngegciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Human Papillomavirus - HPV)`. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luthole ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kwandisa nengozi yokuba nomdlavuza womphimbo, okungukuthi, umdlavuza womlomo othambile. Ikakhulukazi, uhlobo lwe-HPV 16 yilona oluhlobene kakhulu nalokhu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela nalokhu.

Yiziphi izinkinga zomdlavuza we-soft palate?

Kwenzekani uma lo mdlavuza ungelashwa? Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi lo mdlavuza ungasakazeka (usakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Isibonelo, ungasakazeka kuma-lymph node entanyeni, emaphashini nasesibindini. Uma ususakazekile, kuba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Uhlolwa kanjani lo mdlavuza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Kulungile, uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu?

Okokuqala, udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Isibonelo:

• Kusukela nini wakubona lokhu kulimala noma ushintsho esikhumbeni sakho?
• Ingabe inxeba liyakhula? Ingabe liphuma igazi? Ingabe libuhlungu?
• Ingabe kunzima ukugwinya? Ingabe ukudla kuyabhajwa?
• Ingabe uzithola unesifo esifana nentamo evuvukele noma iqhubu esandleni sakho?
• Ingabe unezinhlungu zendlebe? (Lolu uphawu oluvamile lomdlavuza womphimbo).

Bese bebuza ngemikhuba yakho. Ingabe uyawusebenzisa ugwayi (ugwayi, ama-beedis, ugwayi, ugwayi ongenantuthu), ingabe uyaphuza utshwala, njll. Bazosebenzisa nesibuko esincane noma isibani ukuhlola ulwanga lwakho oluthambile kanye nengaphakathi lomlomo wakho. Bazozwa nentamo yakho ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

Ukuze uqiniseke, ungenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-Biopsy: Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu esilondeni noma eqhubu ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia bese kuhlolwa nge-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwenziwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu bomdlavuza, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani ezicutshini ezizungezile, nokuthi ususakazeke yini ezinhlayiyeni ze-lymph entanyeni.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuskena kwe-MRI kungenziwa ngaphezu kwe-CT scan noma esikhundleni sayo. Lokhu kungaveza nezithombe ezinemininingwane zesimila kanye nezicubu ezizungezile.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza

Uma umdlavuza usuqinisekisiwe, odokotela banquma 'isigaba' sawo. Yilesi isikhathi umdlavuza osusabalele ngaso nokuthi uyingozi kangakanani. Lokhu kunquma ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa okufanele uluthole.

Umdlavuza we-soft palate nawo uhlobo lomdlavuza womphimbo. Uhlukaniswa kusukela esigabeni sokuqala (umphumela omuhle kakhulu, isimila esincane, esingasabalali) kuya esigabeni sesi-IV (umphumela omubi kakhulu, isimila esikhulu, esisabalale kakhulu). Lesi sigaba sinqunywa ngobukhulu besimila (T), ukuthi ngabe sisabalale yini kuma-lymph node aseduze (ama-Lymph Nodes) (N), ukuthi ngabe sisabalale yini ezindaweni ezikude (i-Metastasis) (M), nokuthi ngabe i-HPV ihilelekile yini. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-TNM Staging System.

Uma uzwa ngesigaba somdlavuza wakho, ungase uzizwe wesaba, ukhathazekile, noma ukhungathekile. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ukugula kwakho kufingqwa ngezinhlamvu nezinombolo ezimbalwa. Lokho kuvamile. Odokotela nabo bayakuqonda lokho. Uma kukhona into ongayiqondi noma okhathazekile ngayo, qiniseka ukuthi ucela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuchazele yona.

Umdlavuza we-soft palate welashwa kanjani?

Ilashwa kanjani? Odokotela bazonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlinzwa:Ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala, isimila sisuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, kusetshenziswa inqubo engangenisi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), eyenziwa ngomlomo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo ngaphandle kokusikwa kwangaphandle. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node entanyeni, kungadingeka futhi ukuthi asuswe ngokuhlinzwa (okubizwa ngokuthi i-Neck Dissection).
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kunganikezwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwezimila ezinkulu noma uma sezisakazekele ezicutshini eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node. Kunganikezwa futhi ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi ihamba emzimbeni wonke, ngakho-ke ibaluleke kakhulu uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi, inikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe (i-chemoradiation), okungathuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Chemoradiation: Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kuyinhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kusetshenziswa lapho umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node kodwa hhayi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa Okwakha Kabusha: Ngemva kokususwa kwesimila, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe okwengeziwe ukuze ubuyisele indawo esimweni sayo sokuqala. Uma ingxenye enkulu yomlomo wakho othambile isusiwe, kungadingeka ukuthi ufake idivayisi yokufakelwa endaweni yayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Soft Palate Obturator. Lokhu kufana ne-retainer oyigqokayo uma unezinsimbi zokubopha. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukugwinya nokukhuluma.
• Ukwelashwa Ngengqondo: Ukuphila nomdlavuza nokwelashwa kungaba nzima kakhulu engqondweni. Abanye abantu bakuthola kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko emizimbeni yabo ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa. Uma kufanele ube nedivayisi yokufakelwa, ungase uzizwe unamahloni futhi ukhathazekile ngayo. Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile ngesimo sakho. Uma kunjalo kuwe, ukwelashwa ngengqondo kungaba usizo olukhulu. Kuzokunika amandla okubhekana nale nselele.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela ekwelashweni?

Ulwanga lwakho oluthambile lukusiza ukuthi ugwinye futhi ukhulume. Ngakho-ke ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe yalo mdlavuza kungenza kube nzima ngawe ukugwinya nokukhuluma njengakuqala. Ungase futhi ube nomlomo owomile, izinguquko ekunambithekeni, kanye nobunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho. Kodwa-ke, kunezixazululo zalokhu futhi. Ukusebenza nochwepheshe wezokukhuluma kanye nochwepheshe wezokudla kungakusiza unqobe eziningi zalezi zinkinga.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza ungavinjelwa?

Kungase kungenzeki ukukuvimbela ngokuphelele, kodwa unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokugwema ezinye zezinto ezandisa ingozi yakho.

• Uma ubhema ugwayi noma usebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi (ama-beedis, ama-cigarette, ugwayi ohlafunwayo), zama ukuyeka namuhla. Akulula, kodwa yilona utshalomali olukhulu kakhulu ozolwenza empilweni yakho. Khuluma nodokotela bese uthola ngezinhlelo ezingakusiza.
• Uma uphuza njalo, nciphisa inani kanye nezikhathi ophuza ngazo utshwala. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga ngotshwala, okusho ukuthi unenkinga yokubulawula, cela usizo kudokotela.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okuhlanganisa izithelo nemifino. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekugcineni amasosha omzimba esesimweni esihle.
• Zivikele ku-HPV. Ukutheleleka nge-HPV kwandisa ingozi yakho. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka nge-HPV ngokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV (ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha) nokugwema ukuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi kakhulu, njengocansi lomlomo olungavikelekile kanye nocansi olungavikelekile.
• Bonana nodokotela wamazinyo njalo ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile emlonyeni wakho kusenesikhathi.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza ungelapheka?

Kuya ngesimo sakho. Ezigabeni zokuqala, lapho isimila sisincane futhi singakasabalali, odokotela bavame ukusilapha ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa noma ngokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza otholakala sekwephuzile futhi ususakazeke kancane ungelapheka ngokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha (njengokuhlinzwa, ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy). Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda?

Lezi yizibalo ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abaye baba nezimo ezifanayo. Amazinga okusinda komdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile ayahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nesigaba somdlavuza, isimo se-HPV, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.

Sekukonke, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi phakathi kuka-75% no-100% wabantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala (Isigaba I noma II) babephila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Lokho kuwumphumela omuhle kakhulu. Kulabo abanezimila ezinkulu, ezisakazekile (Isigaba III noma IV), phakathi kuka-33% no-47% babephila eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva. Umdlavuza ohlobene ne-HPV nawo utholakale unamathuba amaningi okwelashwa ngempumelelo kunomdlavuza ongeyona i-HPV.

Uma ucabanga ngalezi zilinganiso zokusinda, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi yilokhu okwenzeka kwabanye abantu . Lokhu kumane kuyizilinganiso. Isimo sakho, impendulo yakho ekwelashweni, kanye namandla omzimba wakho konke kuthinta ukululama kwakho. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukunikeza ulwazi ngalokhu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abanomdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile badinga usizo lokudla nokukhuluma ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho, uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma, kanye nochwepheshe wezokudla bangakusiza ukuthi uphathe le miphumela emibi, uthuthukise indlela okhuluma ngayo, futhi uthuthukise imikhuba yakho yokudla.

• Abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokubhema naphezu kokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa okunye. Uma kunjalo, kufanele nakanjani ufune usizo kudokotela wakho ukuze uyeke. Ukubhema, ngisho noma usunqobe umdlavuza, kungandisa ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye.
• Iya emitholampilo yokulandelela njengoba kuhleliwe. Thola ukuhlolwa njengoba kuqondiswe odokotela.
• Hlala uqinile engqondweni. Khuluma nomndeni nabangane. Funa iseluleko uma kudingeka.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma ubona udokotela, buza yonke imibuzo yakho. Ungesabi.

• Lo mdlavuza ukusiphi isigaba?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo? Kungani?
• Kwaphumelela kangakanani lokho kwelashwa?
• Ziyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa? Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ingabe ukukhuluma kwami ​​​​nokugwinya kuzothinteka ngemva kokwelashwa? Ngingenzani ngakho?
• Ingabe umdlavuza ungabuya? Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngiwuvimbele?
• Ingabe kufanele ngibone udokotela wezifo zokukhuluma noma isazi sokudla ukuze ngithole usizo?

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uthathwe ekhaya

Umdlavuza Womlomo Othambile uyigama elithusayo, kodwa liyisimo esingelapheka uma ubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi futhi uthola iseluleko nokwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Khumbula, ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyizinto ezinkulu ezibangela lokhu. Ukuzigwema kuzosiza kakhulu ekuzivikeleni kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa kungathinta ikhono lakho lokukhuluma nokugwinya. Kodwa kunezixazululo nezindlela zokuvuselela ekwelapheni kwesimanje zalokho futhi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngakho konke, nokubhekana nokwelashwa ngesimo sengqondo esihle. Awuwedwa, kunodokotela, abahlengikazi, abelaphi kanye nabathandekayo bakho abazokusiza.

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