Cabanga nje ukuthi unesifo esibuhlungu esiswini, noma uzizwa ungaphilile. Sivame ukwenzani? Mhlawumbe siphumule kancane, noma sithatha i-paracetamol bese silinda ukuthi iphele. Kodwa ucabanga ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso esincane singaba ukuqala kwesifo esibi, mhlawumbe umdlavuza? Ingabe uzizwa ucindezelekile futhi wesaba kakhulu uma ucabanga ngakho? Ngemva kokuya kudokotela oyedwa bese utshelwa ukuthi "akukho okungahambi kahle", awukwazi ukukholwa bese uya kodokotela abaningi? Uma kunjalo, isihloko esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla singaba sibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ake sixoxe ngesimo sempilo yengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Somatic Symptom Disorder' (SSD).
Kalula nje, iyini i-Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ake ngikuchazele kalula. `Isifo Sezimpawu Zomzimba` (SSD) yisimo sempilo yengqondo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umuntu empeleni unesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu somzimba. Kodwa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokwesaba abakuzwayo ngalezo zimpawu kuphakeme ngendlela engavamile.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu akusikho "ukugula okucatshangwayo." Okusho ukuthi, isiguli asizenzisi. Empeleni sizwa ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, noma okunye ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba. Inkinga isempendulweni yomuntu kulokho kungakhululeki. Isibonelo, udokotela angenza izivivinyo athi, "Lokhu kuyisifo esivamile sesisu, akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho," kodwa umuntu one-SSD angase acabange, "Cha, udokotela akakwazanga ukuthola isimo sami, nginokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu, mhlawumbe umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu." Lokhu kwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile kungaphazamisa usuku lwabo lonke, impilo yabo yonke.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule: Ku-SSD, inkinga akuyona uphawu olubonakalayo ngokwalo. Yimicabango, imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha okweqile, okungalawuleki okukhula eduze kwalolo phawu.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimo zengqondo ezifana nalezi? Ake sifunde umehluko.
Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singadidaniswa nezinye izimo zengqondo ezifanayo. Ake sibone ukuthi umehluko omkhulu uyini. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ngokucacile, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Isimo sengqondo | Isici esiyinhloko | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo Sezimpawu Zomzimba (i-SSD) | Empeleni kunezimpawu zomzimba (isib. ubuhlungu, ukukhathala). Kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kanye nokwesaba ngakho. | "Angikwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngenxa yalokhu buhlungu besisu. Lokhu kumelwe ukuba kuyisifo esiyingozi." |
| Isifo Sokukhathazeka Ngezifo (Eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Hypochondriasis) | Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu zomzimba , noma azibonakali zimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunokwesaba okukhulu ukuthi bazoba nesifo noma ukuthi sebenaso kakade. | "Anginazo izinkinga njengamanje. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi ngingaba nomdlavuza. Ngicabanga ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi." |
| Isifo Sokuguqulwa (Isifo Sezimpawu Zezinzwa Ezisebenzayo) | Izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa (isib., ukungazweli, ukuxhuzula, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma) ziyenzeka, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha akukwazi ukuthola imbangela yangempela . | "Kungazelelwe imilenze yami yaba ndikindiki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi odokotela benze ziphi izivivinyo, abazange bathole imbangela." (Kungase kungabi nokwesaba okukhulu ngalesi sifo lapha). |
Ziyini izimpawu zesimo se-SSD?
Kunezingxenye ezimbili zokuqonda lesi simo. Esinye yimizwa engokwenyama, kanti esinye yizimpendulo zethu zengqondo nezokuziphatha kuyo.
1. Izimpawu Zomzimba
Lokhu kungaba yinoma yini, kodwa okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ubuhlungu: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame ukubikwa. Kungaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuhlungu, njengobuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu bomhlane, noma ubuhlungu bamalunga.
- Ukukhathala noma ukukhathala okukhulu: Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Umuzwa wokusinda esifubeni, umuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya.
Lezi zimpawu zingase zibangelwe yisimo sezokwelapha (isib. i-gastritis), noma kungenzeka ukuthi azinaso isizathu esicacile.
2. Imicabango, imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha okweqile
Lokhu kuyingqikithi yesimo se-SSD. Uma othile ebonisa lezi zinto, kufanele ukhathazeke:
- Ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile: Ukuzizwa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile njalo ngezimpawu zomzimba wakho. Imicabango evamile efana nokuthi, "Ngiyazibuza ukuthi leli khanda elincane liyisimila sobuchopho."
- Ukucabanga okubi kakhulu: Ukucabanga ukuthi ngisho nophawu oluncane luwuphawu lokugula okubi kakhulu.
- Ukushintshashintsha odokotela njalo: Ukusuka komunye udokotela uye komunye, kunokuba uthembele kudokotela oyedwa, kufana "nokuthenga odokotela." Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase welashwe odokotela abaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ukungathembi imiphumela yokuhlolwa: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthatha izivivinyo ezingaki bese utshelwa ukuthi "akukho nkinga," awukaneliseki ngemiphumela futhi ucabanga ukuthi, "Kumelwe ukuba kube nephutha esivivinyweni."
- Imibono eyiphutha ngodokotela: Imizwa efana nokuthi, "Udokotela wami akanandaba nami, akaqondi ukugula kwami."
- Ukuchitha isikhathi namandla: Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi namandla ucwaninga, ufunda ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ku-inthanethi, nokubona odokotela.
- Ukuthembela kwabanye: Ukucela njalo abanye ukuthi bakusize futhi bakunakekele. Ukuthukuthela uma lolo sizo lungatholakali.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwansuku zonke: Lezi zimpawu nemicabango ngazo kungaphazamisa ngokuphelele imisebenzi yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, kanye nempilo yomndeni.
Kungani umuntu enalesi simo?
Akukho imbangela eyodwa yalokhu. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezici zofuzo, ezemvelo kanye nezengqondo idlala indima. Ezinye zezici eziyinhloko eziyingozi ezitholakele yilezi:
- Okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima kobuntwana: Ikakhulukazi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokocansi ngesikhathi sobuntwana.
- Ukunganakwa ngabazali: Ukuntuleka kwesiqondiso esifanele, uthando, kanye nokunakekelwa ukuze kuqashelwe futhi kulawulwe imizwa ngesikhathi sobuntwana.
- Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo: Sekuvele kukhona esinye isimo sempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka. Cishe abantu abangu-30% - 60% abane-SSD bangase babe nazo zombili lezi zimo noma esinye salezi.
- Izici zobuntu: Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zobuntu basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala: Ukulutheka kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala.
- Ukunaka: Umkhuba wokunaka ngokweqile ngisho nasezinguqukweni ezincane emzimbeni womuntu.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi simo?
Uma uya kudokotela ukuze umtshele ngezimpawu zakho zomzimba, into yokuqala ayenzayo ukuhlola ukuthi zikhona yini izimbangela zomzimba zalezo zimpawu. Uma kudingeka, uzoyala ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, noma ezinye "izikeni".
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo,
1. Uma kungekho imbangela ebonakalayo engatholakala yezimpawu zakho,
2. Noma, uma udokotela ethola ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwakho nokucindezeleka kwakho kukhulu kakhulu kunobunzima besifo, noma ngabe unesifo somzimba,
Angase akuthumele kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo.
Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uzoqinisekisa lesi simo ngokubheka izindlela ezimbalwa ezithile. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umuntu une-SSD, kumele abe nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu somzimba esiphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6 . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele okungenani abe nesinye salezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ngenxa yalezo zimpawu:
- Ukucabanga ngokweqile nangokuphikelela ngobucayi bezimpawu zomuntu.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile njalo ngempilo noma izimpawu zakho.
- Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi namandla amaningi becwaninga ngezimpawu zabo nezinkinga zempilo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi simo. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukusiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zomzimba ngenkathi futhi kwelashwa nezinkinga zengqondo ezihlobene naso.
- Ukwelapha Ngengqondo: Lena yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko nephumelela kakhulu. Nalapha futhi, indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy' (CBT) iyasebenza kakhulu.
- Imithi: Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angase anikeze imithi efana nemithi yokucindezeleka ukuze asize ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka okuyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa imizwa, le mithi itholakale futhi isiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zomzimba ezifana nobuhlungu, ukukhathala, kanye nokungalali.
- Yakha ubuhlobo bokuthembana nodokotela oyedwa: Gcina udokotela ofanayo nodokotela wakho oyinhloko. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlolwa okungadingekile kanye nokuvakashela odokotela.
- Bona udokotela wakho ngesikhathi: Bona udokotela wakho ngezinsuku ezihleliwe ukuze uxoxe ngezimpawu zakho zomzimba nokuthi ubhekana kanjani nazo.
- Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo njalo: Bonana nodokotela wezifo zengqondo noma umeluleki njalo ukuze ulawule izimpawu zakho zengqondo, njengokukhathazeka nokwesaba.
- Ukuzivocavoca nezindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka: Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini efana ne-yoga, ukuzindla, kanye nokuzivocavoca okulula kungaba kuhle engqondweni yakho kanye nasemzimbeni wakho.
- Isifo Sezimpawu Zomzimba (i-SSD) akusona "isifo esiqanjiwe." Yisimo sangempela sempilo yengqondo esihlotshaniswa nezimpawu zangempela zomzimba esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Kulesi simo, inkinga enkulu akuzona izimpawu zomzimba, kodwa ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ukwesaba, nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezivela ngenxa yalokho.
- Ukuthenga njalo odokotela kanye nokuhlolwa okungadingekile kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubuhlobo bokuthembana nodokotela ofanayo.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Talk therapy, ikakhulukazi i-CBT, kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu yokuphatha lesi simo.
- Ungesabi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho zomzimba, kanye nokwesaba kwakho nokukhathazeka ngazo. Ukuthola usizo olufanele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokululama.
I-CBT ikusiza nje ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe amaphethini okucabanga aphambene (angalungile) onawo ngezimpawu zakho. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi, "Ngiphethwe yikhanda ngoba nginesimila sobuchopho," ungazijwayeza ukucabanga ngendlela enengqondo, njengokuthi, "Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi angiphuzanga amanzi anele." Lokhu kuzokusiza:
- Nciphisa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngezimpawu.
- Yeka ukucabanga njalo ngezinkinga zakho zomzimba.
- Thola izindlela zokuhlala uxhumene nabantu futhi usebenza, ngisho noma usezinhlungwini.
- Yenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kahle.
Izinto ongazenza wena kanye nombono wesikhathi esizayo
I-SSD ivame ukuba yisimo esingamahlalakhona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zingase ziphele isikhashana bese ziphinde zibuye. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo futhi baphile impilo evamile.
Uma uke watholakala unalesi simo, ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kuzokusiza kakhulu ukululama kwakho:
Uma uzizwa ukhungathekile kakhulu yizimpawu zakho zomzimba kangangokuthi awukwazi ukusebenza empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, ungahlupheki wedwa. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Khumbula, lesi yisimo esingelapheka, njenganoma yisiphi isifo somzimba.
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