Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza webele. Ikakhulukazi uma uzwa igama elifana nelithi "Isigaba II," imibuzo efika engqondweni miningi. "Ngenzenjani manje?" kanye nokuthi "Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka?" cishe kusengqondweni yakho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu, okungukuthi, umdlavuza webele wesigaba II kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwawo, ngendlela elula kakhulu nenobungane.
Okokuqala, siyini lesi sigaba sesibili (Isigaba II)?
Kalula nje, umdlavuza webele wesigaba sesi-2 yisimo lapho umdlavuza usagcinwe khona ebeleni noma kuma-lymph node aseduze. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza awukasabalali ezithweni ezikude emzimbeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba umdlavuza uyelapheka kakhulu kulesi sigaba.
Odokotela abakwelaphayo bavame ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha kunendlela eyodwa yokwelapha. Lokhu kuzokunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezo zindlela zokwelapha.
| Indlela Yokwelapha | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ukususwa kwesigaxa esinomdlavuza noma ibele lonke. Lena yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza okusolakala ukuthi asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Imithi enamandla enikezwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza okungenzeka ukuthi asakazeke emzimbeni wonke. |
| Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone | Ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ezidinga ama-hormone ukuze zikhule. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Ukwelashwa kwesimanje okuhlose amaprotheni athile kumaseli omdlavuza futhi kumise ukukhula kwawo. |
Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngokwelashwa.
Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Ukuhlinzwa: Izinyathelo Eziyisisekelo
Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha umdlavuza webele wesigaba sesi-2. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukususwa kwe-Lumpectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa kuphela iqhubu elinomdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezizungezile. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa kokulondoloza amabele . Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kuphela uma iqhubu elinomdlavuza lincane.
- Ukususwa Kwebele: Uma iqhubu elinomdlavuza likhulu, udokotela angase anqume ukususa lonke ibele. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-'Mastectomy'.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okubili okwenziwayo, udokotela ohlinzayo uvame ukususa nokuhlola ama-lymph node amaningana endaweni yekhwapha ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke lapho yini. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwebele, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuhlinzwa kokwakhiwa kabusha kwebele uma ufuna.
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana asele
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuvame ukunikezwa ngemva kokususwa kwe-lumpectomy. Khumbula, ukuhlinzwa kungashiya amangqamuzana ambalwa amancane omdlavuza angabonakali. Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ukuze kubhujiswe ngokuphelele noma yimaphi amangqamuzana asele futhi kuvinjelwe umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi. Ngezinye izikhathi, abesifazane abaye basuswa i-mastectomy nabo banikezwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ikakhulukazi uma isimila sikhulu noma uma kunamangqamuzana omdlavuza emabeleni.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukwelashwa okunamandla okusebenza kuwo wonke umzimba
Lokhu ukwelashwa abantu abaningi abakujwayele, kodwa kuyesabisa kancane. `I-Chemotherapy` iwukwelashwa okunamandla okunikezwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ahlale endaweni ethile emzimbeni ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Kwezinye izimo, i-chemotherapy inikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Inhloso ukunciphisa isimila esikhulu esinomdlavuza, okwenza sibe sincane futhi kube lula ukusisusa ngokuhlinzwa okulula njengokususwa kwe-lumpectomy.
Lokhu kwelashwa kunganikezwa ngezindlela eziningana. Kunganikezwa njengephilisi noma uketshezi. Kodwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kwelashwa akunikezwa njalo. Kunikezwa ngemijikelezo, okunikeza umzimba ikhefu.Inikezwa ngezindlela eziningana.
Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Kwabadlanzana abaxhomeke kuma-hormone
Lolu uhlobo lokwelapha oluqondile kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza webele ezichuma ngama-hormone afana ne-estrogen emizimbeni yethu. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza one-hormone receptor-positive .
Uma umdlavuza wakho ungomunye walolu hlobo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwelashwa ngama-hormone. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela ama-hormone adingwa amaseli omdlavuza.
- Umuthi iTamoxifen unikezwa abesifazane banoma yimuphi ubudala.
- Imithi efana ne -Anastrozole (Arimidex), i-Exemestane (Aromasin), kanye ne-Letrozole (Femara) isetshenziswa kwabesifazane asebekhulile.
- Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izinhlobo zemithi.
Kwabesifazane abangakayi ukuya esikhathini, ukuhlinzwa kokususa ama-ovari kungacatshangwa ukuthi kumisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone angasiza umdlavuza ukukhula. Noma, imithi efana ne -Goserelin (Zoladex) ingamisa okwesikhashana ama-ovari ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone.
Ukwelashwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo/Okuqondiwe: Indlela entsha nethuthukisiwe
Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu ehambisana nokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zesimanje. Cishe ama-25% abesifazane abanomdlavuza webele baneprotheni eningi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-HER2 ebusweni bamaseli abo omdlavuza. Le protheni ibangela ukuba umdlavuza ukhule futhi usabalale ngokushesha.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe ziqondisa iphrotheni ye-HER2 futhi ziyimise ekusebenzeni kwayo.
- I-Trastuzumab (Herceptin) kanye ne -Pertuzumab (Perjeta) yimithi esetshenziswa kakhulu yalolu hlobo.
- Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa impumelelo ye-chemotherapy.
Funda ngezivivinyo zemitholampilo.
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuyisifundo esihlola ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kokwelashwa okusanda kutholakala, izidakamizwa, noma inhlanganisela yokwelashwa kubantu. Abesifazane abaningi abanomdlavuza webele wesigaba sesi-2 banethuba lokubamba iqhaza kulezi zivivinyo.
Lokhu kungakunikeza ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okuphambili nokusezingeni eliphezulu. Khumbula, yonke imithi yokwelapha ephumelelayo esiyisebenzisayo namuhla yaqala njengesivivinyo somtholampilo ngesinye isikhathi. Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ubuza ukuthi kukhona yini isivivinyo esifanele wena.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza webele weSigaba II uyelapheka.Isimo. Ngakho-ke ungesabi.
- Odokotela basebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha eziningana ukuze bakunike imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
- Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko, kulandele ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy.
- Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho (isib. i-hormone-positive, i-HER2-positive), uzonikezwa ukwelashwa okukhethekile (i-hormone noma ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe) okufanele kakhulu kuwe.
- Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza ongase ube nakho nodokotela wakho. Uzokwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa olukufanele kakhulu.
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