Uma uzwa igama elithi "umdlavuza," igama elilandelayo elifika engqondweni cishe yi-"chemotherapy." Sonke siyazi ukuthi kunzima futhi kubuhlungu kangakanani ukwelapha. Sivame ukucabanga ngakho njengokulahlekelwa izinwele nomzimba ongaphili. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi isisungule izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezihlose amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela futhi zinciphise umonakalo kumaseli anempilo? Leyo ngenye yezindlela zokwelapha eziqondile nezithuthukile esizokhuluma ngazo namuhla. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Targeted Therapy .
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Targeted Therapy?
Cabanga ngokuphonsa amabhomu ezitheni ngesikhathi sempi. Uma uphonsa ibhomu elivamile, akuzona izitha kuphela kodwa nabantu abangenazo izikhali kanye nezindlu ezizungezile kuyabhujiswa. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kufana nalokho. Kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa kungalimaza namaseli anempilo emzimbeni wethu ahlukana ngokushesha (isibonelo, amangqamuzana ezinwele, amangqamuzana omlomo).
Kodwa, ake sithi kukhona umuntu odubula ngesibhamu, ubheka ngqo umuntu ohlosiwe bese edubula isitha kuphela. Akekho oseduze ozolimala. Yilokho okwenziwa yi-Targeted Therapy .
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe kuyindlela yokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ekhomba izici ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza, iwahlasele, futhi ibhubhise umdlavuza ngenkathi inciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Precision Medicine.
Kulokhu kwelashwa, udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza uqala ngokubheka ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okwaguqula iseli elivamile emzimbeni wakho laba iseli lomdlavuza. Bese, bathola izisulu ezithile ebusweni noma ngaphakathi kweseli lomdlavuza ezibangelwa yilolo guquko lwezakhi zofuzo, bese bekhetha imithi ehlasela lezo zisulu kuphela.
Kusebenza kanjani ngempela lokhu kwelashwa?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi umdlavuza uqala kanjani.
Iseli ngalinye emzimbeni wethu linesethi yemiyalelo. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-DNA. Ifana nencwadi yeresiphi yokupheka. Imiyalelo ekule ncwadi itshela iseli ukuthi lihlukane, likhule, futhi life ngesikhathi esithile.
Uma umdlavuza ukhula, ngasizathu simbe imiyalelo ekule ncwadi yokupheka iyaphambuka. Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona ushintsho (ukuguquka) ezizakhini zofuzo. Bese amaseli eqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Yilokho okuba umdlavuza.
Ku-Targeted Therapy, odokotela basebenza ngokuqonda le nqubo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
1. Ukuthola imiyalelo engalungile: Okokuqala, izivivinyo zithola ukuthi yimiphi imiyalelo engalungile yezakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo , okusemaseli akho omdlavuza.
2.Ukukhetha okuqondiwe: Okulandelayo, sithola ukuthi yimaphi amaprotheni athile noma amanye ama-molecule akheka ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi kweseli lomdlavuza ngenxa yalesi siqondiso esidukisiwe. Leso "yisiqondisi" sethu.
3. Ukuklama umuthi ofanele: Okulandelayo, umuthi uklanyelwe ukubopha kulowo ohlonziwe. Lo muthi ungabulala iseli lomdlavuza noma uvimbele izindlela zokuthumela izimpawu ezisiza iseli ukuthi lihlukane.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa kuqondiswe ngqo ngale ndlela, umphumela kumaseli anempilo mncane kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwelapha okuqondiwe?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zale ndlela yokwelapha. Zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezisebenza ngayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko:
- Imithi yama-molecule amancane: Le mithi emincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingangena emaseli omdlavuza, ihlasele izisulu ngaphakathi kweseli, futhi iyeke ukukhula kwamaseli.
- Ama-Immunotherapy: Lena indlela ehluke kancane. Esikwenzayo lapha ukuvuselela amasosha ethu omzimba ukuze abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ngaphansi kwalesi sambulela.
- Ama-antibodies e-Monoclonal: Lawa ngamaprotheni akhethekile enziwa elebhu, njengama-antibodies enziwa yimizimba yethu. Anganamathela ezinhlosweni ebusweni bamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi abonise isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuthi sibhubhise umdlavuza.
- Ama-antibody-drug conjugates: Lena indlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu. Lapha, umuthi we-chemo onamandla unamathiselwa ku-antibody ye-monoclonal. Uma i-antibody ithola iseli lomdlavuza elifanele futhi linamathela kulo, umuthi ukhishwa ngqo kuseli lomdlavuza. Kufana nephasela, lilethwa endaweni efanele.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza eziphathwa ngempumelelo ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa?
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe akukwazi ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, namuhla le ndlela yokwelapha isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Umdlavuza webele
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza we-prostate
- Umdlavuza wegazi (isib. i-Multiple myeloma, i-Acute leukemia)
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba (isib. i-Melanoma)
- Umdlavuza we-Colorectal
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- Umdlavuza we-thyroid
- Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
Lolu hlu lukhula nsuku zonke, njengoba ucwaningo luhlala luthola ukuhlukahluka okusha kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nemithi ehlasela zona.
Ukwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani futhi yini ongayilindela?
Manje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zemithi yokwelapha eqondiwe. Indlela othola ngayo lokhu kwelashwa ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwakho lomdlavuza, uhlobo lomuthi, kanye nezinqumo zikadokotela wakho.
- Njengephilisi: Eminye imithi iza ngesimo samaphilisi ongawaphuza ekhaya.
- Njengomjovo: Ezinye zifakwa emzimbeni njengomjovo.
- I-Intravenous (IV): Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi, njenge-saline.
Amashejuli okwelashwa nawo ayahlukahluka. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke, kwamasonto onke, noma kwanyanga zonke. Okunye ukwelashwa kudinga isikhathi eside, kanti okunye kuqedwa phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzokubheka njalo. Angase ahlole igazi kanye ne-CT scans ukuze ahlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi uzizwa kanjani. Uzothola nethuba lokukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungenzeka ukuthi ukuzwile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kwe-Chemotherapy Nokwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo ukuthi iyiphi kulezi zindlela ezimbili engcono. Ukuze siqonde lokho, ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili.
| Isici | Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela esebenza ngayo | Ihlasela izisulu ezithile kuphela kumaseli omdlavuza (njengokuhlasela kwe-sniper) | Ibhubhisa noma yimaphi amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha (anomdlavuza futhi anempilo). (Njengokuhlaselwa yibhomu) |
| Umphumela kumaseli anempilo | Mhlawumbe kuncane. | Ukweqisa kakhulu kungalimaza izinwele, isikhumba, kanye namaseli omgudu wokugaya ukudla. |
| Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo | Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi (isib. ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, isifo sohudo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme). | Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, kanye nokukhathala. |
| Ukulungiswa | Kuncike ezicini zofuzo zomdlavuza. Akufanele wonke umuntu. | Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa "okungcono kakhulu". Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele futhi okuphumelelayo kakhulu kuwe. Kwezinye izimo, zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ndawonye.
Masiqaphele nemiphumela emibi.
Nakuba ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kunciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo, akunazo imiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi iyahlukahluka kuye ngemithi kanye nomuntu ngamunye. Eminye imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:
- Uhudo: Indle ekhululekile.
- Izinkinga zesikhumba: isikhumba esomile, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa.
- Ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme: Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme .
- Amahlule egazi: Ingozi yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi.
- Isifo senhliziyo: Eminye imithi ingathinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Ukupholisa amanxeba okulibaziseka.
- Ukopha kwamathumbu: Igazi elisendle noma esindle esimnyama.
- Ukushintsha kombala wezinwele.
Ungesabi ukuzwa lezi zinto. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngakho konke lokhu. Futhi, uzokunikeza imithi edingekayo kanye nezeluleko zokulawula le miphumela emibi nokunciphisa imiphumela yayo. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, ungalibali ukutshela udokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe kuyindlela yokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ehlose amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela futhi inciphise umonakalo kumaseli anempilo.
- Lokhu kwelashwa akufaneleki kuwo wonke umdlavuza noma kuwo wonke umuntu onesifo. Kuncike ezicini ezithile zofuzo zomdlavuza wakho.
- Imiphumela emibi ingase ihluke ku-chemotherapy. Eminye imiphumela emibi ingase ibe khona, kodwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokusiza ukuyilawula.
- Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho womdlavuza mayelana nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wakho. Buza yonke imibuzo yakho futhi ucacise noma yikuphi ukungabaza ongase ube nakho.
- Isayensi yezokwelapha ithuthuka usuku nosuku. Ngakho-ke, gcina ithemba lakho lokwelashwa komdlavuza.
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