Kunzima ukuchaza ukuthi uzizwa kanjani uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kodwa uma udokotela ekhuluma ngokwelashwa bese uzwa amagama anjengokuthi 'i-chemotherapy', kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu, unelukuluku, futhi udidekile. Omunye wemithi ye-chemotherapy esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza yi-'Taxane.' Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda, njengokungathi ukhuluma nomngane oseduze.
Iyini ngempela i-Taxane?
Kalula nje, ama-taxanes ayisigaba semithi ye-chemotherapy ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi imise ukukhula kwezimila. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuhilela ukufaka le mithi egazini lethu, elihamba emzimbeni wonke ukuthola nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Okwenza le mithi ye-taxane ibe ngeyingqayizivele ukuthi itholakala ngokwemvelo ezihlahleni. Yaqala yakhishwa emagxolweni esihlahla 'se-Yew' . Eqinisweni, ama-taxane angenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi ye-chemo etholakala ezitshalweni. Olunye uhlobo yiqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Vinca alkaloids', etholakala esitshalweni 'se-Mella'.
Namuhla, ososayensi bafunda ngesakhiwo samakhemikhali sama-taxane atholakala kulezi zitshalo futhi basebenza ngisho nokuwakhiqiza ngokwenziwa emalabhorethri.
Lo muthi ubulala kanjani amangqamuzana omdlavuza?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukuqonda ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeka kanjani. Umdlavuza usakazeka ngokuhlukanisa iseli elilodwa lomdlavuza libe ngamabili, eliphinde lihlukane libe amane, bese liphindaphindeka ngokushesha. Kwezokwelapha, inqubo lapho iseli lihlukana khona ngamabili ibizwa ngokuthi i-mitosis .
Lokho okwenziwa yimithi ye-taxane kuphazamisa inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli.
Cabanga ukuthi lapho iseli lihlukana, izinto zofuzo ezingaphakathi kwalelo seli kumele zihlukaniswe zibe zimbili bese zithunyelwa kumaseli amabili amasha. Kunezakhiwo ngaphakathi kweseli ezisiza kulo msebenzi, njengezibopho ezincane zekhebula. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-microtubules . Lezi yizona ezidonsa izingxenye ezidingekayo kumaseli amabili amasha zihlukane.
Uma umuthi we-taxane ungeniswa emzimbeni, wenza lezi zintambo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-microtubules ziqine ngokungadingekile . Ngemuva kwalokho azikwazi ukugoqeka noma ukuvuleka kahle. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhlukanisa iseli ibe yizingxenye ezimbili iyama phakathi nendawo. Uma lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungenziwa, iseli elingumzali liyafa ngemva kwesikhashana.
Imithi ye-taxane ilawula umdlavuza ngokubhubhisa ikhono lamaseli omdlavuza lokuhlukana nokukhula.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezisetshenziswa imithi ye-taxane?
Ama-taxanes ayisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu semithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Amanye alawa asetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwamanye umdlavuza, kanti amanye asetshenziswa kumdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu.
| Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezilashwa nge-Taxane | |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza osetshenziswa kakhulu | |
| Umdlavuza wesibeletho | Umdlavuza webele |
| Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezilashwayo | |
| Umdlavuza wesinye | Umdlavuza wesibeletho |
| Umdlavuza wesisu | Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo |
| Umdlavuza we-prostate | Umdlavuza wamaphaphu (umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongeyona iseli elincane) |
| Umdlavuza wesibeletho | I-Lymphoma |
Kwezinye izimo, ama-taxanes anikezwa kanye neminye imithi ye-chemotherapy. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.
Kunikezwa kanjani lokhu kwelashwa? Futhi yimiphi imiphumela emibi?
Indlela yokwelashwa enikezwa ngayo
Ama-taxanes anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) . Anikezwa nge-cannula (catheter), efana nesisombululo sikasawoti. Lokhu kwelashwa kungathatha ihora noma amahora amaningana. Kungadingeka ukuthi uthole lokhu kwelashwa kanye ngesonto, noma kanye njalo emavikini ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ishejuli yokwelashwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
Imiphumela emibi evame ukubonwa
Nakuba imithi ye-chemotherapy ihlose ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta namaseli anempilo, ahlukanisa ngokushesha emizimbeni yethu. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana namangqamuzana ethu ezinwele, amangqamuzana esikhumba, namaseli egazi. Yingakho kuvela imiphumela emibi.
| Umphumela Ongemuhle | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Neutropenia | Ukwehla kwenani lama-neutrophils, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elilwa nokutheleleka emzimbeni, okwandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo. |
| I-peripheral neuropathy | Ukulimala kwemizwa ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Lokhu kungabangela ukungakhululeki, ubuhlungu, noma ubuthakathaka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni . |
| Ukulahlekelwa izinwele | Lokhu kuyimiphumela emibi evamile, kodwa izinwele zizokhula futhi ngemva kokwelashwa sekuqediwe. |
| Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu | Kuvamile phakathi nezinsuku zokwelapha. Kunikezwa imithi yokulawula lokhu. |
| Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga | Kungase kube nobuhlungu emzimbeni kanye nokuqina kwamalunga. |
| Izinguquko zomfutho wegazi | Umfutho wegazi ungakhuphuka noma wehle. |
| Amaseli egazi anciphile | Ukwehla kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi kanti ukwehla kwama-platelet (thrombocytopenia) kungaholela engcupheni yokopha. |
Le miphumela emibi ayiveli kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi, eminingi yayo ingalawulwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho noma abasebenzi bobuhlengikazi nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuzwayo.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi kulokhu kwelashwa?
Ama-taxanes ayindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu eye yandisa izimpilo zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, kunezingozi ezithile.
Ngezinye izikhathi, imiphumela emibi eshiwo ngenhla ingaba mibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukushintsha isimiso sakho sokwelashwa noma asimise okwesikhashana.
Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angaqala 'ukujwayela' lo muthi. Okusho ukuthi, aqala ukumelana namakhemikhali . Khona-ke umphumela womuthi ungase wehle. Kodwa uma lokho kwenzeka, udokotela wakho uzophendukela ezindleleni ezinjengokuzama inhlanganisela yemithi ehlukile noma ukuncoma uhlobo lokwelashwa oluhlukile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Taxane iyiklasi enamandla kakhulu yemithi yamakhemikhali etholakala ezitshalweni ezivimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angahlukani.
- Lokhu kwelapha ngempumelelo izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ibele, isibeletho kanye nephaphu.
- Imiphumela emibi efana nokulahlekelwa izinwele, ukungazweli, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba ingase ivele, kodwa iningi layo lingalawulwa.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuncane okuzwayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuwuhambo. Khumbula njalo ukuthi awuwedwa kulolu hambo nokuthi unethimba lezokwelapha elinekhono elizokusiza.
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