Lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, ulibonile igama elithi 'Taxane' lishiwo ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa? Kungenzeka ukuthi wesaba kancane lapho uzwa leli gama. Kuvamile ukuthi izinto zifike engqondweni uma uzwa igama elithi 'chemotherapy' kanye naleli gama. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. I-Taxane iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu ebilokhu isetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza webele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Ake sixoxe ngayo ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Ziyini lezi zindleko? Zisebenza kanjani?
Kalula nje, ama-taxanes uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy oluvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi ahlukane, aphindaphindeke, futhi asakazeke emzimbeni wonke.
Cabanga nje, njengamaseli anempilo emzimbeni wethu, amangqamuzana omdlavuza anda ngokuhlukana. Le nqubo yokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana isizwa uhlelo lwamashubhu amancane (ama-microtubules) ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana awo. Isigaba semithi ye-taxane, noma ngokunembile "ama-antimicrotubule agents", siya ngqo kulolo hlelo lwamashubhu futhi siluhlose. Le mithi iphazamisa ukusebenza kwalolo hlelo lwamashubhu futhi ilukhubaze. Ngemuva kwalokho amangqamuzana omdlavuza awakwazi ukuhlukana, futhi ekugcineni lawo maseli ayafa. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo salolu hlobo lokwelashwa.
Lokhu kwelashwa kungaba yinto ebalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma unohlobo lomdlavuza webele oluthi "(HER2-positive)".
Imithi ye-Taxane (isibonelo, `(Docetaxel)` kanye `(Paclitaxel)`) isetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlobo:
1. Umdlavuza webele osesigabeni sokuqala: Lo muthi unikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze unciphe futhi wenze isimila sibe sincane. Unikezwa futhi ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze uvimbele umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
2. Umdlavuza webele osakazeke kakhulu: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa nokulawula umdlavuza osusakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Imithi ye-Taxane inikezwa kanjani?
Imithi ye-Taxane okwamanje inikezwa nge-intravenously (IV) , okusho ukuthi inikezwa njengesixazululo se-saline emithanjeni. Lokhu kwenziwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo womdlavuza.
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-taxane anikezwa wodwa (i-monotherapy). Ngezinye izikhathi, anikezwa kanye neminye imithi ye-chemotherapy ukuze ukwelashwa kusebenze kangcono. Isibonelo, anikezwa kanye nemithi efana ne-Capecitabine, i-Carboplatin, ne-Cyclophosphamide.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ososayensi okwamanje bacwaninga indlela yokusebenzisa lo muthi njengephilisi, okungase kunciphise ukuvakashela esibhedlela esikhathini esizayo.
Yini okufanele uyilindele lapho uthola ukwelashwa?
Uma udokotela wakho esenqume ukuqala ukwelashwa nge-taxane, uzokwakhela uhlelo oluthile lokwelashwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi udinga ukuza kangaki esibhedlela nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imithi.
- Inani lokwelashwa: Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngohlobo lomuthi owunikezwayo (`(Docetaxel)` noma `(Paclitaxel)`), umthamo womuthi, kanye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kuwo.
- Isibonelo, `(Docetaxel)` ivame ukunikezwa kanye njalo emavikini ama-3 . Umthamo ngamunye uthatha cishe ihora.
- I-Paclitaxel inikezwa kaningi. Mhlawumbe kanye njalo emavikini amabili . Kungathatha cishe amahora amabili. Kukhona nezimo lapho kunikezwa khona umthamo ophansi kanye ngesonto kwabanye abantu.
- Isilinganiso: Inani lemithi oyinikwayo lincike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza wakho, isisindo sakho nobude bakho, kanye neminye imithi oyinikwayo.
- Isikhathi sokwelashwa: Lokhu kuncike ekutheni ukwelashwa kuphumelele kangakanani nokuthi unemiphumela emibi emibi yini. Ngokuvamile, kunikezwa imijikelezo emithathu kuya kweyisithupha yokwelashwa komdlavuza ongakasabalali. Umdlavuza osakazeke ungadinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside.
Kodwa khumbula, uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu noma ungakwazi ukubekezelela umuthi, udokotela wakho angase akushintshele kolunye ukwelashwa.
Ingabe i-Taxanes ibangela imiphumela emibi?
Yebo. Ngeshwa, njengayo yonke imithi ye-chemotherapy, ama-taxane angabangela imiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le mithi ayithinti nje kuphela amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa futhi namaseli anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela emibi yama-taxane mincane kakhulu futhi ibekezeleleka uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithi ye-chemotherapy.
Le miphumela emibi ingahluka kusukela kwemincane kuya kweyimbi ngokwanele ukuthi idinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini le miphumela emibi.
| Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-taxane | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi evamile | |
| Ukukhathala | Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu isikhathi esiningi. |
| Ukulahlekelwa izinwele | Izinwele ekhanda, kanye nezinye izinwele zomzimba, zingawa. |
| Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga | Umzimba wakho ungase uzwe ubuhlungu. Odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi “i-myalgia”. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Udokotela uzokunikeza umuthi wokulawula lokhu. |
| Ubuhlungu kanye nokungazweli emilenzeni | Ungase uzwe ukuqaqamba, ukusha, noma ubuhlungu ezintendeni zakho, ezinyaweni, nasezintweni zeminwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-peripheral neuropathy. |
| Izilonda zomlomo | Amanxeba amancane angase avele ngaphakathi emlonyeni. |
| Ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka | Ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (i-neutropenia) kungakwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokugula. |
| Imiphumela emibi kakhulu okufanele ibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha | |
| Uhudo olubi kakhulu | Isimo sohudo esingayeki. |
| Ubuthakathaka obukhulu emilenzeni | Izandla ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ukubamba into ethile noma imilenze ebuthakathaka kakhulu ukuhamba. |
| Imfiva | Kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka emzimbeni. |
| Izinguquko zombono | Ukubona okufiphele noma ukulahlekelwa umbono. |
| Ukopha okungavamile | Ukopha ekhaleni noma ukuphuka emzimbeni wonke. |
Esikhathini esiningi, le miphumela emibi iyaphela zingakapheli amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokuyeka ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho i-neuropathy iba nzima khona futhi ingapheli ngokuphelele kwabanye abantu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile, ungazinaki futhi wazise udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi okwelaphayo ngokushesha.
Kusebenza kangakanani lokhu kwelashwa?
I-Taxane iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu, yingakho isetshenziswe isikhathi eside kangaka.
Ngomdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala:
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukunikeza abesifazane abanomdlavuza webele osesigabeni sokuqala abahlinzwayo kwandisa amazinga abo okusinda futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye.
Ngomdlavuza webele osakazeke kakhulu:
Ezimweni lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona, ukwelashwa nge-taxane akukwazi ukwelapha umdlavuza, kodwa kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
Nakuba lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kumdlavuza we-`(HER2-positive)`, kungasetshenziselwa futhi i-`(Triple-Negative Breast Cancer - TNBC)`, uhlobo lomdlavuza okunzima kakhulu ukulwelapha.
Ingabe zikhona izikhathi lapho ukwelashwa kwe-Taxane kungasebenzi khona?
Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka. Akuwona wonke umdlavuza osabela ngendlela efanayo kuma-taxanes. Amanye umdlavuza angase angasabeli kulo muthi kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa kusebenze isikhashana, umdlavuza uyajwayela umuthi futhi ube nokumelana nawo. Ngemuva kwalokho umuthi uyayeka ukusebenza.
Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kumdlavuza "one-triple-negative". Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.
Kuleli qophelo, udokotela wakho angashintsha inhlanganisela yemithi noma akushintshele kolunye uhlobo lokwelashwa oluhlukile ngokuphelele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Taxane iyindlela yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ephumelela kakhulu yomdlavuza webele. Ungesabi lokhu.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV). Kuzodingeka uye esibhedlela ngesheduli ethile.
- Imiphumela emibi efana nokulahlekelwa izinwele, ukukhathala, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba ingase ivele. Iningi lale miphumela iyanyamalala uma ukwelashwa sekumisiwe.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezinzima njengomkhuhlane, isifo sohudo esibi, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu ezithweni zakho, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Kuyilungelo lakho ukuxoxa ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza onakho nodokotela wakho.
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