Ingabe nawe unalezi 'zinto zokungezwani komzimba' ezicasulayo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uyaluma ngaphandle kwesizathu? Noma uyathimula njalo? Ingabe unenkinga yokuphefumula uma udla ukudla okuthile? Isizathu salezi zinto kungaba yi -'Allergy' . Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini le 'Allergy', kungani yenzeka, ukuthi ungayiqaphela kanjani, nokuthi yini engenziwa ngayo. Ungakhathazeki, uma usukwazi lokhu, ungakwazi ukulawula izinto eziningi wena ngokwakho.

Kuyini ngempela 'i-Allergies'?

Kalula nje, 'Ukungezwani komzimba' kuyisimiso sokuzivikela somzimba wethu, ' isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba ' , esisabela ngokweqile ezintweni ezingasilimazi, njengokungathi ziyisitha esikhulu. Cabanga nje, umsebenzi oyinhloko 'wesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba' ukusivikela ngokulwa namagciwane abangela izifo. Kodwa kumuntu 'onokungezwani komzimba', lesi simiso sicabanga ngephutha ukuthi ezinye izinto "ziyingozi".

Uma ucabanga kanjalo, amakhemikhali amaningi afana ne-'histamine' akhishwa emzimbeni. Lawa 'ma-allergies' empeleni ayizinto ezingenabungozi esizibiza ngokuthi 'ama-allergen' . Isibonelo, okunye ukudla (njengamakinati, ubisi), uthuli endlini, impova evela ezimbalini, noma eminye imithi ingaba 'ama-allergen'.

Kwenzekani emzimbeni uma kuvela ukungezwani komzimba?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela ngaphakathi emzimbeni lapho kwenzeka 'ukungezwani komzimba'. Lapho 'amasosha omzimba' ethu ehlangana 'ne-allergen' okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni, adala uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies e-IgE' ngokumelene nawo. Lawa 'antibodies' ayahamba futhi anikeze isignali kumaseli athile emzimbeni (ikakhulukazi ' amaseli e-mast'), ethi, "Isitha sesifikile, thatha isinyathelo manje!"

Bese kuthi lawo maseli akhiphe amanye amakhemikhali amaningi, njenge-'histamine', egazini. La makhemikhali athinta amehlo ethu, impumulo, umphimbo , amaphaphu, isikhumba, noma amathumbu ('umgudu wokugaya ukudla') futhi abangele izimpawu 'zokungazweli komzimba'. Cabanga nje, ngokuzumayo amehlo akho aba bomvu futhi alume, noma uthimula ngokuphindaphindiwe - izinto ezinjalo.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, uma leyo allergen ingena emzimbeni futhi, le mpendulo ye-antibody izoqala futhi.Lokho kusho ukuthi, njalo uma uhlangana nento ethile ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi uzoba nohlobo oluthile lwezimpawu zokungezwani nomzimba.

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zibonakala kanjani?

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zingahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi ngisho nomuntu ofanayo angaba nezimpawu ezahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

• Ukusabela okuncane: Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nezimpawu ezilula kakhulu nezincane. Isibonelo:
• Kuvela amabhamuza amancane esikhumbeni (siwabiza ngokuthi 'ama-hives' noma ama-hives)
• Ukuphuma kwempumulo, impumulo evalekile
• Amehlo ayaluma, aphenduke abe bomvu, futhi adabuke.
• Ihlanza umphimbo
• Ukusabela okunamandla kakhulu: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kuthinte izindawo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zomzimba.

Okunye ukungezwani komzimba kungabangela isimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo!

I-anaphylaxis ingaqala ngezimpawu ezincane ezishiwo ngenhla, kodwa ingaba nzima ngokushesha ngemizuzu embalwa.

• Kunzima ukuphefumula, isifuba sami sizwakala siqinile.
• Umphimbo uvuvukele.
• Kunzima ukukhuluma.
• Uba nesiyezi, futhi ungase ulahlekelwe ngisho nokuqwasha.
• Amabala abomvu kanye ne-eczema kungavela esikhumbeni.
• Kungase kube nobuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nohudo.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-anaphylaxis,' singaba yingozi empilweni uma singelashwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ungalibali.

Kungani lokhu kungezwani komzimba kwenzeka kwabanye abantu kuphela?

Ngokuvamile, ukuthambekela kokuba nokungezwani komzimba kubangelwa ufuzo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma umfowenu enokungezwani komzimba, nawe unethuba elincane lokuba nakho. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoba nokungezwani komzimba. Umuntu akazuzi ifa lokungezwani komzimba okuthile (isibonelo, ukungezwani namantongomane), kodwa ukuthambekela okuvamile kokuba nokungezwani komzimba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla. Futhi, ungaba nokungezwani komzimba ngisho noma kungekho muntu emndenini wakho onokungezwani komzimba.

Yiziphi izinto ezivame kakhulu abantu abangezwani nazo?

Ake sibheke izinto ezivame ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba, okungukuthi, yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.

1. Ama-Allergens Abangelwa Umoya

Lezi yizinto ezingena emizimbeni yethu uma siphefumula futhi zibangele ukungezwani komzimba.

• Izibungu zothuli: Lezi yizidalwa ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Zihlala othulini emakhaya, omatilasi, emicamelweni nasemakhaphethini.
• Impova: Impova evela ezihlahleni, ezimbalini, kanye notshani. Iningi layo likhona emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-hay fever.
• Izinhlobo zesikhunta: Isikhunta esikhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, isibonelo, ezindlini zangasese, emakhishini, nasezindongeni.
• Izilwane ezifuywayo: Uboya, amathe, kanye namaseli esikhumba afile ('i-pet dander') avela ezilwaneni ezifana nezinja namakati.
• Amaphela: Amanzi ephela kanye nezingxenye zomzimba.

2. Ukungezwani Nokudla

Okunye ukudla kungabangela nokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abasha kanye nezingane ezincane.

• Ubisi lwenkomo (noma amaprotheni atholakala obisini lwenkomo)
• Amaqanda
• Inhlanzi
• Ukudla kwasolwandle (`i-shellfish` - isibonelo i-shrimp, i-crab, i-squid, ama-mussels)
• Amantongomane
• Amanye amantongomane ('amantongomane emithi' - isibonelo ama-cashew, ama-almond, ama-walnuts)
• Isoya
• Ukolweni
• I-Sesame

3. Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba

• Ukungezwani nokudlanga kwezinambuzane: Ukuthinga kwezinambuzane, njengezinyosi, iminyovu, kanye nezimpondo, kungabangela ukusabela kokungezwani nomzimba ngenxa yobuthi bazo. Lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu kwabanye abantu, futhi kungaholela ngisho nasekusabelani kwe-anaphylactic okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.
• Imithi: Ama-antibiotic (imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo, njenge-penicillin) uhlobo lomuthi oluvame kakhulu olubangela ukungezwani komzimba. Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi eminingi, njengemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, imithi yokubulala izinzwa, ngisho nemithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, nayo ingabangela ukungezwani komzimba.
• Amakhemikhali: Abanye abantu bangathola ama-hives uma besebenzisa izimonyo ezithile, izihlanzi zokuwasha izingubo, kanye nensipho. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yamakhemikhali akuleyo mikhiqizo. Abanye abantu bangaba nokungezwani nodayi wezinwele, izinto zokuhlanza izindlu, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Abanye abantu bangaba nokungezwani ne-latex (into eyenziwe ngerabha, njengamagilavu).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani komzimba?

Uma unezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njalo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela. Uma udokotela wakho ezwa ngezimpawu zakho futhi esola ukuthi une-allergy, uzokudlulisela kudokotela we-allergy noma kudokotela wezifo zamasosha omzimba .

Uchwepheshe uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho (isib. ukuthi zenzeka nini, ukuthi zenzeka kangaki, ukuthi sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona, njll.) nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo sokungezwani komzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unayo yini i-allergy.

• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlatshwa kwesikhumba: Kulokhu, inani elincane le-allergen okusolwayo lifakwa esikhumbeni sakho bese kusetshenziswa inaliti encane kakhulu ukuhlatshwa kwesikhumba. Uma indawo iba bomvu futhi ivuvukala kancane phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15-20, kusho ukuthi ungase ube ne-allergen kuleyo allergen.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Kulokhu, kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho bese kuhlolwa ukuthi ngabe ama-'IgE antibodies' okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambilini akheke yini ngokumelene nama-'allergen' athile.

Udokotela unquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele azenze ngokusekelwe kuhlobo luni lokungezwani komzimba okusolwayo.

Indlela yokwelapha i-allergies?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje alikho ikhambi lokungezwani komzimba. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela eziningi zokuphatha izimpawu nokuphila impilo evamile.

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwelapha:

1. Ukugwema Ukungezwani Nokudla: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi yokuqala. Uma usuyazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukungezwani nokudla kwakho, gwema kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

2. Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ehlukahlukene yokulawula izimpawu zakho.

3. Ukwelashwa Nge-Allergen Immunotherapy (Imijovo Yokungezwani Nomzimba): Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo zokungezwani komzimba.

1. Amathiphu ambalwa okuphepha ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba

Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kumuntu onesifo sokungezwani nokudla, ukugwema i-allergen kungaba wusizo olukhulu .

• Kwabanokungezwani nokudla:
• Gwema ngokuphelele ukudla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba.
• Funda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela . Ngezinye izikhathi bathi izinto ezifana nokuthi "kungase kube nezinsalela zamantongomane." Qaphela nalezo zinto.
• Uma udla ngaphandle, tshela umuntu olungisa ukudla ngokungezwani komzimba kwakho.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni:
• Susa izibungu zothuli:
• Susa amakhaphethi namakhethini asindayo ekamelweni lokulala.
• Faka izembozo ezikhethekile ezingavumeli ukungezwani komzimba emicamelweni nasemacansini.
• Geza amashidi okulala kanye nama-pillowcases ngamanzi ashisayo okungenani kanye ngesonto.
• Kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlanzi somoya esine-HEPA (high efficiency particulate air filter) ekamelweni lokulala.
• Gwema impova:
• Gcina amafasitela evaliwe ngangokunokwenzeka ngezikhathi zokuvuthwa kwempova ephezulu (ngokuvamile ekuseni kakhulu).
• Ngemva kokuphuma, shintsha izingubo zakho bese ugeza umzimba wakho.
• Gwema imisebenzi yasekhaya efana nokugunda utshani nokusiphula ukhula.
• Susa isikhunta:
• Gcina izindawo zekhaya lakho ezinomswakama ophezulu (indlu yokugezela, ikhishi, iphansi) zinomoya omuhle futhi zomile.
• Hlanza izindawo ezinesikhunta ngento efana ne-bleach.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezivela ezifuyweni:
• Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo zingangeni ekamelweni lokulala.
• Geza isilwane okungenani kanye ngesonto (uma kungenzeka, thola umuntu ongenazo i-allergies).

2. Imithi yokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba

Imithi efana namaphilisi, izifutho zamakhala, kanye namaconsi amehlo ivame ukusetshenziswa ekulweni nokungezwani komzimba.

• Ama-Antihistamine: Lawa anciphisa ukusebenza kwe-histamine futhi alawula izimpawu ezifana nokuthimula, impumulo egobhozayo, kanye nokulunywa.
• `Ama-Decongestant`: Imithi enikezwayo yokuminyana kwamakhala.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa eza ngesimo sokufutha, ukhilimu, noma amaphilisi. Anciphisa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.

Nakuba le mithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, ayilona ikhambi . Ayikwazi futhi ukuqeda ukuthambekela kokuba nokungezwani komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthola imithi efanele wena.

I-Epinephrine yokusabela okukhulu kwe-allergy (i-anaphylaxis)

Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanokungezwani nokudla noma ukungezwani nokulunywa yizinambuzane, bangaba nesimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis. Kubantu abanjalo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uphathe i -epinephrine auto-injector (njenge-EpiPen). Lona umuthi olula ukuwusebenzisa nosindisa impilo. Ungafakwa ethangeni lakho uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Udokotela wakho uzokukhombisa ukuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuphatha ama-auto-injector amabili ngaso sonke isikhathi.

3. Ukwelashwa Nge-Allergen Immunotherapy (Imijovo Yokungezwani Nomzimba Noma Amaphilisi)

Imijovo yokungezwani komzimba ihilela ukunikeza umzimba wakho inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen onayo, uyikhulise kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengomjovo. Lokhu kunciphisa kancane kancane ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba wakho kuleyo allergen. Kufana nomuthi wokugomela.

Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni ezifana nempova, izibungu zothuli, isikhunta, kanye ne-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nokungezwani komzimba nokulunywa yizinambuzane. Imijovo yokungezwani komzimba ayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje ekubhekaneni nokungezwani kokudla.

Ngaphezu kwemijovo yokungezwani komzimba, ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kunganikezwa nakwezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba (isb., impova yotshani, izibungu zothuli) ngendlela ye-sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Lokhu kwelashwa kungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Kodwa-ke, kunganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba futhi kunciphise isidingo semithi.

Yini ezongisiza ngiphile nokungezwani komzimba? (Ekugcineni)

Kulungile, manje usuyazi ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke ubhekana kanjani naso? Into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka izinto ezikubangela isifo sokungezwani komzimba!

"Ukugwema ukungezwani komzimba kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kanye nokwelashwa kokuqala!"

• Une -allergy yokudla.Uma unayo, gwema ukudla okubangela izimpawu zakho. Funda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awanazo izithako ezikwenza ube ne-allergy kuzo. Njalo phatha ama-epinephrine auto-injector amabili, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini yokuthola i-anaphylaxis.
• Uma une -allergy yemvelo , gcina ikhaya lakho lingenalo uthuli kanye ne-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo. Hlola isimo sezulu ngezinsuku lapho impova iphezulu khona. Ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zokugeza izingubo ezingenamakha nezingenadayi, izimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yobuhle nakho kungasiza (ngezinye izikhathi amalebula athi "hypoallergenic," okusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi zibangele i-allergy).
• Uma uphuza imithi , landela iziqondiso ezikulebula njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile. Tshela udokotela wakho ojwayelekile nganoma yini uchwepheshe wakho wokungezwani komzimba akunikeza yona (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imijovo noma imithi kadokotela).
• Uma une -allergy enkulu , cabanga ukugqoka i-ID yezokwelapha eziphuthumayo (isib., isongo noma ikhadi le-MedicAlert) elichaza i-allergy yakho nokuthi ubani okufanele umshayele ucingo uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.

Uma utholakale une-allergies, khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa. Baningi abanye abafana nawe. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi odokotela nososayensi bayaqhubeka nokucwaninga ukuze baqonde kangcono i-allergies, bathuthukise izindlela zokwelapha, futhi mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku bavimbele i-allergies. Ngakho-ke, hlala uqinile, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, futhi ungakwazi ukulawula i-allergies yakho futhi ujabule!

Ukungezwani komzimba, i-histamine, i-allergen, i-anaphylaxis, ukwelashwa, izifo zesikhumba, ukungezwani kokudla