Ingabe ubona imibala kangcono kuneminye? Ake sixoxe nge-Tetrachromacy!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ungabona imibala eminingi kunemibala eyisikhombisa yothingo? Noma wake waphikisana nomngane wakho ngombala wengubo, ethi, "Cha, cha, lo ngumbala," noma "O, cha, lo ngumbala?" Uma kunjalo, ungase ube namandla amakhulu angavamile, akhethekile. Namuhla sikhuluma ngekhono lokubona imibala ngendlela engavamile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-tetrachromacy.

Kuyini i-Tetrachromacy?

Kalula nje, i-tetrachromacy yisimo esingavamile, esibucayi kakhulu sokubona imibala esenzeka kwabanye besifazane kuphela. Akusona isifo, kuyisici.

Ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, kukhona ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina. Iqukethe izinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaseli athola ukukhanya. Sibiza lawa ma-photoreceptor. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zala maseli. Elinye yi-cones, kanti elinye yi-rods. Izinduku zisisiza sibone kumnyama nomhlophe kanye nasekukhanyeni okuphansi. Ama-cones anesibopho esikhulu sokubona umbala.

Ngokuvamile, sonke sinezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-cone emehlweni ethu. Sisebenzisa lezi zintathu, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa nokubona imibala engaba yisigidi.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-tetrachromacy banezinhlobo ezine zamaseli e-cone emehlweni abo. Ngenxa yalelo seli le-cone lesine, bangabona amakhulu ezigidi zemibala, okuphindwe cishe ngekhulu kunomuntu ojwayelekile. Cabanga nje, bangabona izinkulungwane zemibala ehlukene ngenxa nje yombala obomvu esiwubonayo.

Isebenza kanjani le seli yesine yekhoni?

Okokuqala, ake sibheke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli ekhoni esivame ukuba nawo sonke.

• Ama-cone e-L azwela ubomvu: Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-cone 'L' (amade) ngoba ubomvu bunobude obude be-wavelength.
• Ama-M-cone azwela okuluhlaza (ama-M-cone): Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-'M' (aphakathi) cone ngoba aphakathi nendawo ebonakalayo.
• Izwela kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ama-S-cone): Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-'S' (amafushane) cone ngoba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lunobude obufushane be-wavelength.

Umuntu one-tetrachromacy unohlobo lwesine lweseli le-cone ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu. Lokhu kuvame ukuzwela kakhulu ebangeni eliphakathi kobomvu noluhlaza okotshani, noma i-orenji. Leli seli le-cone elingeziwe libangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo .

Manje ungase uzibuze, ungayibona kanjani imibala eminingi kangaka ngeseli elilodwa lekhoni elingeziwe? Cabanga ukuthi upenda. Unemibala emithathu eyinhloko (obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza). Ungenza imibala eminingi ngokuyixuba ndawonye. Manje uma ubunombala wesine oyinhloko (ophuzi, isibonelo), mingaki imibala emisha ongakwazi ukuyenza? Yilokho okwenzekayo ebuchosheni. Ulwazi oluvela kuseli lekhoni elingeziwe luhlanganiswa nolwazi oluvela kwamanye amangqamuzana ekhoni, futhi ubuchopho budala umhlaba wemibala onemininingwane eminingi.

Kungani lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kwabesifazane kuphela?

Lena yingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu yalokhu. Isizathu salokhu sihlobene nama-chromosome ethu.

I-gene elawula amaseli e-cone asisiza sibone obomvu noluhlaza itholakala ku-X chromosome .

Njengoba wazi, owesilisa une-chromosome eyodwa engu-X kanye ne-chromosome eyodwa engu-Y (XY). Ngakho-ke, uma leyo gene ekuleyo chromosome eyodwa engu-X iguquguquka, wonke amangqamuzana akhe e-cone abomvu/aluhlaza azoshintshwa. Yingakho amadoda enamathuba amaningi okuba nenkinga yokungaboni imibala.

Kodwa-ke, abesifazane banama-chromosome amabili e-X (XX). Ngakho-ke, i-chromosome eyodwa ye-X ingaba ne-gene evamile kanti enye i-chromosome ye-X ingaba ne-gene eguquliwe. Kuleso simo, amehlo owesifazane angakhiqiza amaseli e-cone ajwayelekile kanye namaseli e-cone engeziwe abangelwa yi-gene eguquliwe. Cishe u-12% wabesifazane banalesi gene.

1. Iseli le-cone lesine kumele lizwele imvamisa ehlukile: Uma iseli le-cone elisha lizwela imibala efanayo namanye amaseli e-cone, ubuchopho ngeke buthole noma yiluphi ulwazi olwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke akukho mehluko ozovela.

2. Ubuchopho budinga iziteshi ezine zemibala: Ubuchopho bomuntu buvame ukuklanywa ukucubungula ulwazi kusetshenziswa iziteshi ezintathu zemibala. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe kukhona iseli le-cone yesine, uma ubuchopho bungenalo isiteshi sesine sokwamukela lolo lwazi, abukwazi ukusizakala ngalelo khono elengeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abanalo mbono onemibala eminingi bangavamile kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, awukwazi yini ukuthatha isivivinyo se-inthanethi ukuze ubone ukuthi unalo leli khono?

Uma usesha ku-inthanethi ukuthi "Unayo i-tetrachromacy?" uzothola izivivinyo eziningi. Kodwa azikho neyodwa yazo engokoqobo .

Isizathu salokhu silula. Isikrini esikufoni yakho, kuthebhulethi, noma kukhompyutha sakhiwe ngeziteshi ezintathu zombala kuphela: Amaphikseli Abomvu, Aluhlaza, kanye Naluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka (RGB). Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuhlola amehlo akho ngeziteshi ezine zombala esikrinini esisebenzisa iziteshi ezintathu zombala kuphela.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-tetrachromacy yangempela kwenziwa ososayensi ezindaweni zokucwaninga, besebenzisa imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nebizayo , ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA, kanye nezindawo zokukhanya ezilawulwayo.

Umuntu one-tetrachromacy ubona kanjani umhlaba?

Lokhu kuyinto okunzima ukuthi siyiqonde kahle. Ngoba imibala iyinto eyenzeka ngokwengqondo. Lokho okubona njengobomvu akulona umbala ofanayo nowami. Kunomehluko omncane.

Kodwa uma ubheka ngezinombolo, nansi umehluko.

Uma ubheka leli shadi, ungabona umehluko, akunjalo? Liyikhono elimangalisayo ngempela. Laba bantu bangabona imibala ephindwe kangamakhulu ezinkulungwane embali, emdwebweni, noma ekushoneni kwelanga kunokuba umuntu ovamile engakwenza.

Ngakho-ke uma usola ukuthi unaleli khono, noma kunzima ukulifakazela, jabula ngokuthi umhlaba owubonayo unemibala. Ngempela kuyisipho esikhethekile esivela emvelweni. Uma uzwa ubunzima noma ushintsho ekuboneni kwakho imibala, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi udokotela ohlinzayo wamehlo, ngakho.