Ungathanda ukwazi nge-biopsy ye-thyroid?

"I-Biopsy"! Ungase uzizwe wesaba kancane uma uzwa leli gama, akunjalo? Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa, empeleni, lokhu kumane nje kungolunye uvivinyo olubalulekile olusetshenziswa odokotela ukuthola izifo. Njengoba nje senza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-X-ray. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-thyroid biopsy, ukuthi yenziwa kanjani, nokuthi kukhona yini okufanele ukwesabe.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid biopsy? Kalula nje...

Cabanga ngalokhu: I-thyroid yakho iyi-gland encane, emise okwebhabhathane engaphambili entanyeni yakho. Yenza umsebenzi omningi obalulekile emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone alawula ukusebenza kwe-metabolism yakho. I-thyroid biopsy inqubo ehilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yamaseli noma uketshezi oluvela e-thyroid gland yakho bese uyihlola. Lokhu kungasiza odokotela ukuthi baxilonge izimo ezithile ze-thyroid.

I-biopsy ye-thyroid yenziwa nini?

Akuzona zonke izinkinga ze-thyroid ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo singatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nemiphumela yezithombe. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho ethola amaqhubu e-thyroid, angase asikisele ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ake sixoxe kancane ngamaqhubu e-thyroid.

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ayini amaqhubu e-thyroid. Lawa amaqhubu amancane, aqinile noma agcwele uketshezi akha ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid gland. Abukeka njengamaqhubu amancane emzimbeni, akunjalo? Kunjalo. Iningi lala maqhubu alinabungozi, okusho ukuthi awawona umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane kakhulu, eliphakathi kuka-5% no-15%, lingaba nomdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela imbangela yeqhubu nokuthi liyingozi noma kukhona okufanele kukhathazeke ngakho. Ikakhulukazi, odokotela banamathuba amaningi okwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy uma iqhubu likhulu kunesentimitha elilodwa (cishe amasentimitha angu-0.39) .

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid biopsy? Yiziphi izindlela?

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwezicubu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

1. Indlela Yokuphefumulela Ngenaliti Encane (i-FNA)

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-biopsy yamaqhubu e-thyroid. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa inaliti ende encane kakhulu (engama-gauge angu-22 noma ngaphansi) ukususa inani elincane lamaseli noketshezi oluvela kumaqhubu e-thyroid noma kumaqhubu amaningana. Lapho enza lokhu, udokotela usebenzisa i-ultrasound scan ukuqondisa inaliti ngqo eqhubu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-scan iqondisa inaliti endaweni eqondile. Lena inqubo elula engadingi ukusikwa okukhulu.

2. Indlela ye-Core-Needle Biopsy (CNB)

Lokhu kufana nenqubo ye-FNA, kodwa inaliti esetshenzisiwe inkulu kancane (ububanzi obuyi-14 kuya ku-20-gauge). Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa uma udokotela efuna ukuthatha isampula yezicubu ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuyilimaza . Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa uma isampula etholwe nge-FNA inganele noma uma kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe.

3. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Thyroid Yokuhlinzwa

Lena inqubo engavamile kakhulu. Uma amasampula athathwe nge-FNA noma i-CNB engaphelele, noma uma kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe, udokotela angase anqume ukwenza i-biopsy, inqubo yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane entanyeni, ukufinyelela indlala yegilo, bese ethatha isampula.

Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy?

Inqubo yokulungiselela ingahluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lwe-biopsy olwenzayo.

Ukuze kutholakale i-biopsy yenaliti (i-FNA noma i-CNB)

• Ezimweni eziningi, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshele ngenye indlela, ungadla futhi uphuze ngendlela evamile.
• Kodwa-ke, uma unemithi oyiphuza nsuku zonke (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi ), kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza udokotela wakho uma udinga ukuyiyeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa

Uma wenza i-biopsy efana nale, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani. Kubalulekile ukulandela leyo miyalelo ngqo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakweluleka. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy? Yini ongayilindela.

Esikhathini esiningi, i-biopsy yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-FNA noma i-CNB. Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlinzwa nakho kungenziwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani ngalezi zindlela.

I-biopsy yenaliti encane (i-FNA noma i-CNB)

Lezi ngokuvamile yizinqubo zokulaliswa esibhedlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaya ekhaya ngalolo suku. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo:

1. Okokuqala, uzonikezwa umjovo omncane (i-local anesthesia) ukuze uqede ubuhlungu endaweni yentamo yakho. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu.

2. Okulandelayo, udokotela uzobeka idivayisi encane, ephathwa ngesandla ebizwa ngokuthi i-ultrasound transducer entanyeni yakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone kahle ukuthi indlala yegilo kanye neqhubu kukuphi.

3. Okulandelayo, leyo naliti ende, encane esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni idlula kancane esikhumbeni sakho iye endlaleni ye-thyroid.

4. Ngemuva kwalokho, isampula yoketshezi kanye nezicubu zikhishwa ngokucophelela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi unganyakazi nhlobo phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

5. Ngemva kokuthathwa kwesampula, inaliti iyasuswa bese kufakwa ibhandishi elincane elifana neplasta endaweni lapho inaliti ifakwe khona.

6. Ekugcineni, isampula ithunyelwa kudokotela we-cytologist ukuze ihlolwe.

Uma unezinathi ezingaphezu kweyodwa, ungaphinda le nqubo izikhathi eziningana. Yonke inqubo kufanele ithathe imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20.

I-Biopsy Yokuhlinzwa Ye-Thyroid

Sithi lokhu kuyinto engavamile ukwenziwa. Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma imiphumela ye-FNA noma i-CNB ingacacile, noma uma kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukuhlinzwa nokuthatha isampula yesimila kanye/noma izicubu ngqo kusuka endlaleni ye-thyroid bese uyithumela elabhorethri.

Yiziphi imiphumela emibi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Imiphumela emibi emincane ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy ihlanganisa ubuhlungu kanye nokudumba lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. Ungathatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ongayithenga esitolo, njenge -acetaminophen (Tylenol®) noma i-ibuprofen (Motrin®), ukusiza kulokhu kungakhululeki.

Izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Ukopha
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukwakheka kwento efana ne-cyst.

Uma kwenzeka into efana nale, kufanele wazise udokotela ngokushesha.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yombiko we-biopsy?

Ngokusho kwe-American Thyroid Association, imiphumela ye-biopsy ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyisithupha eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lusho ukuthini:

| Isigaba Somphumela | Incazelo | Isinyathelo Esilandelayo Esijwayelekile |

| :- ...

| Okungekuhle (okungewona umdlavuza) | Iqhubu alinawo umdlavuza. Lona umphumela ovame kakhulu (60%-70% wamacala). | Ngokuvamile "ukulinda ngokuqaphela" kanye nokuskena okuphindaphindiwe kwe-ultrasound cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-12. |

| Okuyingozi (umdlavuza) | Isimila sinomdlavuza. (5%-15% wamacala). |Cishe, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka.

| Kusolisa Umdlavuza | Kunethuba elikhulu lomdlavuza. (Ngokuvamile kususwa ngokuhlinzwa). | Ngokuvamile kususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe (isb. iphrofayili yama-molecule ) kungenziwa. |

| Ukuphelelwa Yisiphetho Sokubaluleka Okunganqunywanga (AUS) noma I-Follicular Lesion Yokubaluleka Okunganqunywanga (FLUS) | Amaseli awavamile kancane, kodwa akuqiniseki ukuthi anomdlavuza noma cha. (Angaba nomdlavuza ku-5%-15% wamacala). | I-biopsy ephindaphindwayo, ukuhlolwa kwama-molecular, noma ukuhlinzwa okungenzeka. |

| I-Follicular Neoplasm noma Okusolisayo Nge-Follicular Neoplasm | Lokhu kungase kube umdlavuza noma kungabi (15%-30% wamacala anomdlandla). | Ngokuvamile, ingxenye noma yonke indlala yegilo isuswa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze ihlolwe. |

| Akuxilongwa noma Akunelisi | Awekho amaseli anele kusampula, noma ngesinye isizathu, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela esiphethweni esicacile. (2%-10% wamacala). | Ngokuvamile i-biopsy ephindaphindwayo , evame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwesiqondiso se-ultrasound. |

Nakuba leli thebula lingakunikeza umbono oqondile, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole imininingwane eqondile ngemiphumela yakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Iningi labantu lithola imiphumela yabo ye-biopsy zingakapheli isonto, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sikhathi singahluka kancane kuye ngomthwalo womsebenzi webhu noma uma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela imiphumela futhi akutshele ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa yini, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi wenzeni. Isimo sawo wonke umuntu sihlukile, ngakho ukwelashwa kuzohluka. Kodwa ngokuvamile, nakhu ongakulindela:

• Amaqhubu angenabungozi:Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa "ngokulinda ngokuqaphela." Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwenziwa futhi ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-12 ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho esimila.
• Amaqhubu alimazayo: Lawa cishe njalo kufanele asuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
• Amaqhubu asolisayo: Lawa anqunywa ukuthi asuswe ngokuhlinzwa noma cha ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlola ama-molecule .

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid biopsy, uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu zokutheleleka, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• Uma uhlaselwa umkhuhlane .
• Uma uzizwa ubanda futhi uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Uma indawo lapho kufakwe khona inalithi noma lapho kunqunywe khona ibomvu, ivuvukele, futhi kuvela uketshezi olufana nobovu lapho .

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungaba ukutheleleka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ekugcineni, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule!

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa igama elithi "biopsy." Kodwa-ke, ukuba ne-biopsy ye-thyroid akusho ukuthi unesithukuthezi esingathi sína. Njenge-X-ray kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-biopsy iyithuluzi nje elisetshenziswa odokotela ukuthola isifo. Imiphumela isinika ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma unenkinga ye-thyroid, ukuyithola ngaphambi kokuba ibe yimbi kakhulu kuyithuba lakho elihle kakhulu lempilo yesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela wakho ephakamisa ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy, ungesabi ukuyicela, thola ulwazi oludingayo, bese ubhekana nayo ngqo. Awuwedwa, futhi bakhona odokotela abangakusiza.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma unemibuzo, ungabi namahloni futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho!

I- Thyroid, i-Thyroid Biopsy, ama-Thyroid Nodules, i-FNA, i-CNB, umdlavuza, impilo