Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokuphefumula? Ingabe kungenxa ye-Tracheal Stenosis? Ake sithole ngokuqinisekile!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula uma ukhuphuka izitebhisi noma uhamba ngokushesha? Noma uzwa umsindo wokukhala emphinjeni wakho uma uphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma uphefumula futhi ukhipha umoya? Mhlawumbe ingane yakho encane iyaphefumula futhi ibukeka ikhathele lapho iphuza ubisi? Ungamane ungazinaki lezi zinto. Ngoba kungase kube nesizathu sezokwelapha ngemuva kwazo. Leso yisimo esisodwa esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Leso yi -Tracheal Stenosis .

Kalula nje, iyini i-Tracheal Stenosis?

Ungakhathazeki ngaleli gama. Masiqonde lokhu kalula. Umphimbo wakho womoya, okungukuthi, ingxenye esiyibiza ngokuthi umphimbo womoya (ngesiNgisi, `iTrachea`), yingxenye ethatha umoya esiwuthathayo usuka ekhaleni nasemlonyeni wethu uye emaphashini ethu. Kufana nepayipi elithwala amanzi avela ethangini lamanzi. Manje cabanga ngakho, kwenzekani uma leli payipi liba lincane noma livalekile ngaphakathi ngesizathu esithile? Ukugeleza kwamanzi kwehla, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo.

I-Tracheal Stenosis yilapho umphimbo wakho uncipha khona ngesizathu esithile. Lokhu kuncipha kungaba ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukulimala, noma ukukhula kwezicubu zesilonda. Lapho umphimbo uncipha ngale ndlela, kuba nendawo encane yokungena komoya emaphashini. Yilapho kuvela khona ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Igama elithi "Stenosis" lisho ukuncishiswa okungavamile kwepayipi noma indlela emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emphinjeni.

• I-Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Kulokhu, kokubili i-windpipe (trachea) kanye ne-voice box (larynx) ziyancipha.
• I-Subglottic Stenosis: Lokhu kuwukuncipha kwendawo engaphansi kwezintambo zezwi, kodwa ngaphezu komphimbo womoya.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lesi simo esingenzeka ngazo.

I-tracheal stenosis ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. I-Acquired Tracheal Stenosis: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lubangelwa ukugula, ukulimala, noma esinye isizathu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu. Lungenzeka kokubili kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.

2. I-Congenital Tracheal Stenosis (CTS): Lesi yisimo esiba khona lapho kuzalwa. Singavamile kakhulu. Sithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-64,500. Kodwa-ke, siyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esisongela ukuphila komntwana omncane. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo sitholakala lapho kuzalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila.

Kosana olusanda kuzalwaLesi yisimo esiphuthumayo. Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula noma ikhombisa izimpawu zobunzima bokuphefumula, yiyise ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, zombili lezi zinhlobo zibangela ubunzima bokuphefumula. Kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lempilo yakho. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela uma unesinsolo esincane sokuthi wena noma ingane yakho inalesi simo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Tracheal Stenosis?

Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zivamile kubantu abadala kanye nezingane. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zimpawu.

Izici ezithile ezinganeni

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla, izingane zingase zibonise ezinye izimpawu eziningana ezithile.

• Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa: Zingase zibe nobunzima bokuncelisa ubisi lwebele noma ibhodlela. Zingase zibonakale zikhathele ngendlela engavamile ngemva kokuncelisa.
• Izingane ezindala: Zingase ziminyaniswe ngenkathi zidla futhi zibe nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Izingane ezindala: Kungase kubonakale umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba nezinsini ezizungeze ikhala (i-'cyanosis'). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igazi alitholi umoya-mpilo owanele.

Kungani lesi simo senzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Izinhlobo ezimbili esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni zibangelwa yizici ezahlukene.

Imbangela yesimo sokuzalwa (CTS):

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uqwanga olwakha umphimbo womntwana lungakhuli kahle, okubangela ukuba umphimbo womntwana ube mncane kunokujwayelekile lapho ezalwa.

Izimbangela zalesi simo ngesikhathi sokuphila:

Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu ukufakwa kwepayipi isikhathi eside. Kuyini ukufakwa kwepayipi? Ezimweni zobunzima bokuphefumula, ipayipi lifakwa epayipini lomoya ngomlomo noma ekhaleni ukusiza isiguli ukuphefumula. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ngoba leli payipi lingaphakathi kwepayipi lomoya, lingalimaza izicubu lapho, libangele izibazi kanye nokuncipha kwepayipi lomoya. Uma lolu hlobo lwepayipi lusetshenziselwa ukuphefumula izingane ezizalwa namaphaphu angakavuthwa, lesi simo cishe sizokwenzeka kamuva.

Ngaphezu kokufakwa kwepayipi, ezinye izici eziningana zingathinta lokhu:

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Izimo ezifana ne-Granulomatosis ene-Polyangiitis (GPA) lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amaseli awo.
• Izimo zokuvuvukala: Izifo ezithinta amaphaphu, njenge-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngamagciwane okuthinta uhlelo lokuphefumula, njengesifo sofuba.
• Amathumba: Amathumba ayizimila ezinomdlavuza noma ezingezona umdlavuza ezicindezela umphimbo.
• Ukuphefumula izinto ezinobuthi:Ukulimala komphimbo ngenxa yokuphefumula amakhemikhali noma amagesi anobuthi.
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Njengomphumela ongemuhle wokwelashwa ngemisebe okuqondiswe entanyeni noma esifubeni.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-tracheostomy: Ukuvula amanxeba ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuvuleke imbobo entanyeni bese kufakwa ipayipi epayipini lomoya ukuze kusizwe ekuphefumuleni esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzolalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho futhi, uma kudingeka, akuthumelele ukuhlolwa okuthile. Odokotela abahlinzayo bezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENT) yibona abavame ukwelapha lesi simo.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okwenziwe yile:

• Izinqubo ze-Endoscopic: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola ingaphakathi lomgudu womoya kusetshenziswa ipayipi elincane neliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa ukuxilonga lesi sifo. Kulokhu, ipayipi lidluliselwa epayipini lomoya ukuze kubonakale kahle ukuthi ukuncipha kukuphi, ubukhulu balo, kanye nembangela.
• I-Laryngoscopy: Lokhu kuhlola izintambo zezwi kanye nendawo ezizungezile.
• Izinqubo Zokuthwebula Izithombe:
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): I-CT scan yentamo nesifuba inganikeza umbono omuhle wendawo kanye nohlobo lwalokhu kuncipha.
• I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ngezinye izikhathi i-MRI scan ingenziwa ukuze kusizwe ukuhlela ukwelashwa.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhilela ukukucela ukuthi uphefumule futhi ukhiphe umoya ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze uhlole ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ukuncipha kwemigudu yakho yomoya kukuthinta kanjani ukuphefumula kwakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa uma kusolwa ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala, noma i -biopsy (ukuthatha ucezu lwezicubu ukuze kuhlolwe) ingenziwa uma kukhona iqhubu elingavamile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi liwumdlavuza yini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalesi simo ukwandisa umphimbo ocijile ngokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, okuhlanganisa ubukhali besimo sakho kanye nendawo yokuncipha.

Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha:

• Ukwanda Komthambo Womthambo: Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho ufaka ibhaluni noma idivayisi ekhethekile (i-'dilator') embhobheni wakho womoya, enweba kancane kancane futhi enweba indawo encishisiwe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
• I-Laser Bronchoscopy: Umshini we-laser udlula nge-bronchoscope ukuze kushiswe izicubu ezibangela ukuvaleka, ngaleyo ndlela kuvulwe kabusha indlela yokuphefumula.
• I-Trachea Airway Stent: Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka ithubhu elincane elifana ne-mesh (stent) elenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngensimbi ngaphakathi kwendlela yokuphefumula evalekile. I-stent isiza ukugcina indlela yokuphefumula ivulekile futhi ingenalo ukuvaleka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunakwenzeka kubo bonke iziguli, futhi kuncike endaweni lapho ukuvaleka kutholakala khona.
• Ukususwa Nokwakhiwa Kabusha Kwe-Tracheal: Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa evame kakhulu yalesi simo. Ihilela ukusika ngokuphelele ingxenye evinjiwe yomphimbo bese uxhumanisa izingxenye ezisele eziphilile. Lokhu kungasiza ekubuyiseleni indlela yokuphefumula engaphazanyiswa.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uma unalesi simo, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa noma enye inqubo. Isikhathi sokululama kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa ngakunye kuyahlukahluka.

Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi `Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction` kungokungathi sína kakhulu. Kodwa kunethuba elikhulu lokuxazulula inkinga yokuncipha kwesikhathi eside. Izindlela ezingezona ezokuhlinzwa ezifana ne-`Tracheal Dilation` azinangozi kangako. Kungadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe kanye, noma kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde inqubo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngizinakekela kanjani ekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma enye inqubo, kuzodingeka ulandele imiyalelo ethile ekhethekile ekhaya. Le miyalelo ingahluka kuye ngokwelashwa okutholile. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu. Ngokuvamile bazokutshela ukuthi uqaphele ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukudla Nokuphuza: Emahoreni okuqala angu-24, ungase ucelwe ukuthi unciphise ukudla kwakho okuphuzwayo noma ukudla okuthambile okulula ukukugwinya. Kungcono ukudla ukudla okunongwe kancane okungenangwengwe kakhulu.
• Ukulala: Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ungase ucelwe ukuba ulale ngemicamelo ukuze umzimba wakho ongaphezulu ugcine uphakeme kancane.
• Ukulawula ubuhlungu: Uma kudingeka, ungathatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ongayithenga esitolo noma imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho.
• Imisebenzi: Uyalulekwa ukuthi ugweme ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kanye nemisebenzi enzima cishe isonto lokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela? Zingaki izikhathi okufanele ngiye ngazo e-ETU?

Ngemva kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ukuze ahlole intuthuko yakho. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ubuye njalo emavikini ambalwa ekuqaleni. Uma wenza kahle, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ubuye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Uzoqashwa kuze kube yilapho usuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi isimo asikabuyi.

Shayela udokotela wakho noma nini lapho uzizwa unenkinga yokuphefumula . Ukuhlehlisa ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esinjengalesi kungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?

Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, noma uma izimpawu esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni ziphinde zivele, kungaba uphawu lokuthi i-Tracheal Stenosis yakho isibuyile. Esimweni esinjalo, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha.

Ikakhulukazi, uma unakekela ingane esanda kuzalwa noma encane, uma ingane ikhombisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, yiyise ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngaphandle kokulibala ngisho nomzuzu.