Uyazi nge-Trypanosomiasis, isifo sokulala esitholakala e-Afrika?

Wake wezwa ngesifo esingajwayelekile nesiyingozi kancane esenzeka kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika? Odokotela basibiza ngokuthi i-trypanosomiasis. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi "isifo sokulala sase-Afrika" ngoba sikwenza uzizwe ulele kakhulu. Empeleni ukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa yi-parasite. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Iyini le Trypanosomiasis?

Kalula nje, i-trypanosomiasis iyisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa yizinambuzane. Singasakazekela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wethu. Ake sibone ukuthi sithinta kuphi:

• Kwesikhumba sakho
• Ngegazi lakho
• Kuma -lymph nodes akho
• Ubuchopho bakho kanye noketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla , olubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.

Lesi sifo sisakazwa ukulunywa uhlobo olukhethekile lwempukane olutholakala e-Equatorial Africa . Lezi zimpukane zibizwa ngokuthi izimpukane ze-tsetse . Lezi zimpukane ze-tsetse zinkulu, zinsundu ngokuphuzi noma zinsundu ngokumnyama ezimunca igazi. Cabanga ngakho, lezi zimpukane zingaba ngamasentimitha angu-0.2 kuya kwangu-0.6 ubude (obungamamitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-16). I-Equatorial Africa yingxenye ye-Afrika egijima eduze kwe-equator, ngaphansi kweHlane laseSahara. Izimpawu zingabonakala zingakapheli amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokutheleleka.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-trypanosomiasis iyisifo eselaphekayo . Kodwa-ke, uma ingelashwa kahle, ingaholela ngisho nasekufeni .

Lesi sifo sibizwa ngamanye amagama amaningana:

• Isifo sokulala sase-Afrika
• I-trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika
• I-trypanosomiasis yabantu base-Afrika (HAT)

Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isifo sokulala sase-Afrika"?

Abantu abaningi babiza lesi sifo ngokuthi i-trypanosomiasis ngokuthi "isifo sokulala sase-Afrika" ngezizathu ezimbili. Esinye ukuthi izimuncagazi ezisibangelayo zidluliselwa yizimpukane ze-tsetse e-Equatorial Africa. Esinye ukuthi esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo ukuthi singathinta ubuthongo bakho . Lokho kusho ukuthi ungazizwa ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

I-Trypanosomiasis yayivame ukuba yisifo esivame kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), kwakunamacala angaba ngu-30,000 ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinyathelo zokulawula ezithathwe eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, inani lamacala lehle kakhulu .Kusukela ngo-2020, kuye kwabikwa amacala angaphansi kuka-700 e-trypanosomiasis.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Trypanosomiasis?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zingavela ngokulandelana. Bheka ukuthi uyazijwayele yini lezi (njengoba lesi sifo singekho ezweni lakithi, kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi):

• Kungase kuvele iqhubu elivuvukile, elishintshe umbala (elibomvu, elinsomi, noma elinsundu) endaweni yokulunywa. Lokhu kungaba buhlungu.
• Umkhuhlane ofikayo uphinde uphele (umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo) .
• Umzimba uyabanda (Ukugodola) .
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha .
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga .
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba .
• Ukwehla kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi egazini, okungukuthi , i-anemia .
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso kanye/noma ama-lymph node .
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme, ukozela njalo .
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila, isimo sokungazi lutho (Ukudideka) .
• Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukukhuluma .

Uma ingelashwa kahle , i-trypanosomiasis ingabangela ukuquleka , i-coma, ngisho nokufa .

Yini ebangela i-trypanosomiasis?

Lesi sifo sibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinambuzane ezincane ezineseli elilodwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-protozoa .

• I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense . Lesi silwanyana sibangela amacala angaphezu kwama-90% e-trypanosomiasis.
• I-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . Lesi silwanyana sibangela ngaphansi kuka-10% wamacala.

Abantu bathola kanjani lesi sifo?

I-Trypanosomiasis idluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa yizimpukane ezinegciwane . Izimpukane ze-Tsetse zithola lezi zinambuzane ezilwaneni ezinegciwane (njengezinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, izingulube, amahhashi, namakamela) noma kwabanye abantu abanalesi sifo.

Ingabe i-Trypanosomiasis iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

I-Trypanosomiasis ivame ukubangelwa ukulunywa yimpukane ethelelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, ungadlulisela lesi sifo enganeni yakho .

Enye into ukuthi kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokuthi lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi . Kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. Ngoba abahlinzeki bezempilo bathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuphepha ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ukunikela ngegazi kuphephile.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo?

Izimpukane ze-tsetse ziyizimpukane ezisebenza emini ngosuku.Uhlobo lwempukane. Zihlala ezindaweni ezinehlathi noma emahlathini (inhlanganisela yehlathi nogwadule) e-Equatorial Africa. Ngakho-ke, uma uchitha isikhathi kulezi zindawo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-trypanosomiasis.

I-Trypanosomiasis itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela angakwazi ukuthola i-trypanosomiasis ngokuthatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wohambo lwakho lwakamuva, nokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekuxilongeni i-trypanosomiasis:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Kulokhu, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti encane. Bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-lymph node : Udokotela usebenzisa inaliti ukuze athathe uketshezi oluthile ku-lymph node evuvukele bese eluhlola ukuthi alunazo yini izimuncagazi.
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar : Kulokhu, udokotela ufaka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo amabili emhlane wakho ongezansi (indawo ye-Lumbar) bese esusa inani elincane loketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal . Kuhlolwa ukuthi kunamagciwane, inani eliphezulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Ingabe i-trypanosomiasis ingelapheka?

Yebo, uma itholakale kusenesikhathi futhi yelashwa kahle, i-trypanosomiasis ingelapheka ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-protozoa olukuthelele, nokuthi ngabe ukutheleleka sekusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho.

• Uma ukutheleleka kwe-trypanosomiasis kungasakazekelanga ebuchosheni bakho noma ku-cerebrospinal fluid , udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nalokhu:
• UneSuramin , igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
• Uma une-`(Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)`, thatha i-Fexinidazole noma i-Pentamidine .
• Uma ukutheleleka kwe-trypanosomiasis kuthinte ubuchopho bakho noma uketshezi lomgogodla , udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nalokhu:
• Une -Melarsoprol, ebizwa ngokuthi `(Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense)`.
• Uma une-`(Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)`, kufanele uthathe i-Fexinidazole , i-Eflornithine , i-Nifurtimox nomaI-Melarsoprol.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-corticosteroids anganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga kanye nemisipha.

Lo muthi ungawunikwa njengephilisi (namanzi) noma njengoketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (ngomjovo). Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, noma ngabe uqala ukuzizwa ungcono. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-trypanosomiasis ingase ibuye, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ngingahlola kanjani ukuthi ngisalulama?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile okungaqinisekisa ukuthi awusenayo i-trypanosomiasis. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bazokuqapha cishe iminyaka emibili ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuze babone ukuthi izimpawu ziyabuya yini. Uma uba nezimpawu futhi, bangenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi noketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuze bahlole izimuncagazi.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuphendula lokhu. Kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kungakanani, angalinganisa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi uqale ukuzizwa ungcono ngemva kokwelashwa.

Kwenzekani uma ngine-trypanosomiasis?

Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa kahle, amathuba okululama kwi-trypanosomiasis mahle kakhulu. Iningi labantu liyalulama uma lithola ukwelashwa zingakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu kusukela ekuthelelekeni.

Kodwa-ke, uma kungelashwa kahle, abantu abaningi bayafa ngenxa ye-trypanosomiasis. Ukwelashwa kungenzeka ngisho nangemva kokuba i-parasite isithinte ubuchopho kanye noketshezi lomgogodla. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okusindisa izimpilo aphansi.

Angakanani amathuba okusinda ekuguleni kokulala?

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abangaphezu kuka-95% abane-trypanosomiasis bayasinda.

Iyini inhloso ye-trypanosomiasis?

Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, imizamo yokunciphisa inani lamacala e-trypanosomiasis ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. I-World Health Organization (WHO) izibekele umgomo wokuqeda i-trypanosomiasis njengenkinga yezempilo yomphakathi ngo-2030. Banethemba lokufeza lo mgomo ngokuthi:

• Nikeza ngezimali ezengeziwe zocwaningo.
• Ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuhlola ezingcono.
• Ukunikeza ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimpukane nabantu.

Ingabe i-Trypanosomiasis ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, ungenza lezi zinto ukuze uzivikele ekulunyweni yizimpukane ze-tsetse (ikakhulukazi uma uya ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona):

• Zama ukungahambi ezindaweni ezinegciwane.
• Gqoka izingubo ezijiyile , amabhulukwe amade, kanye nemikhono emide, njengoba izimpukane ze-tsetse zingaluma ngisho nasezingubo ezincane.
• Gqoka izingubo ezinombala ongathathi hlangothi. Izimpukane ze-tsetse zikhangwa imibala emnyama nekhanyayo. Khetha izingubo ezinemibala efana nomhlophe, ompunga, ukhilimu, onsundu, noma beige.
• Gwema ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahla nezihlahla emini. Nakuba izimpukane ze-tsetse zisebenza emini, ngezinye izikhathi zifuna umthunzi phakathi kwezihlahla enkathini eshisa kakhulu yosuku.
• Faka izikrini emafasiteleni naseminyango.
• Hlala endlini ngezikhathi lapho izimpukane zisebenza kakhulu.
• Faka izifutho noma amakhemikhali ezingutsheni, ematendeni, nasezimbozweni zenethi ezixosha izimpukane ze-tsetse.
• Lala etendeni eline-mesh encane, noma sebenzisa inethi yokuvikela uma ulele. Qiniseka ukuthi uvala itende lakho ngokuphelele.
• Ngaphambi kokungena ezimotweni noma emalolini, hlola ngaphakathi ukuthi azinazo yini izimpukane ze-tsetse. Zikhangwa ukunyakaza kanye nothuli oluvuselelwa yizimoto.

Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-Trypanosomiasis?

Cha, okwamanje akukho muthi wokugomela noma omunye umuthi ongavimbela i-trypanosomiasis.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-trypanosomiasis?

Uma uqala ukuzizwa ungaphilile kahle ngemva kokuya endaweni lapho i-trypanosomiasis ivame khona, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha . Ngisho noma ungakhumbuli ukulunywa yimpukane ye-tsetse, tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba sendaweni lapho wawusengozini khona. Landela uhlelo lwabo lokwelashwa ngqo ukuze ululame ngokugcwele.

Futhi, ukuphumula ngokwanele nokuphuza uketshezi oluningi kuzokusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uke wachitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho usengozini yokulunywa yizimpukane ze-tsetse futhi uba nezimpawu ze-trypanosomiasis, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ngemva kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe njalo - ngokuvamile njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha iminyaka emibili. Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka futhi, udokotela wakho uzothatha amasampula egazi kanye noketshezi lomgogodla.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezibucayi, iya eGumbini Lezimo Eziphuthumayo eliseduze (i-ER), noma ushayele u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo):

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-40 (ama-degrees Celsius angu-103).
• Ukudideka noma ukudideka.
• Ukuquleka .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela wakho, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngithole kanjani ngempela i-trypanosomiasis?
• Uma ngingenayo i-trypanosomiasis, yisiphi esinye isimo engingaba naso?
• Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo ozenzayo ukuze uxilonge i-trypanosomiasis?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi ekwelashweni okukhuthazayo?
• Ngizoqala nini ukuzizwa ngingcono?
• Yini enye engingayenza ukuze ngisheshise ukululama kwami?
• Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngezimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu?
• Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ukuze ngithole ezinye izivivinyo?

Ngingayithola yini i-trypanosomiasis izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa?

Yebo, ungayithola i-trypanosomiasis izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-trypanosomiasis akukuniki amandla okuthi ungayiphinde uyithole.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-African Trypanosomiasis kanye ne-American Trypanosomiasis?

I-American Trypanosomiasis ingenye igama lesifo i-Chagas . Ingenye uhlobo lokutheleleka kwe-parasite. Ibangelwa yi-parasite ebizwa ngokuthi i-Trypanosoma cruzi . I-parasite ye-Trypanosoma cruzi ivame ukusabalala ngokulunywa yizinambuzane ze-Triatomine ezithelelekile (ezaziwa nangokuthi "izimbungulu eziqabulayo").

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhulume ngazo nge-trypanosomiasis:

• Lokhu ukutheleleka okubangelwa yizinambuzane okusabalala ngokulunywa yizimpukane futhi kutholakala kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika.
• Uma itholakale futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi, ingelapheka , noma ingaba yingozi .
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ama-lymph node avuvukele, kanye nokozela okukhulu okulandelayo kanye nokudideka.
• Uma uya ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezimpukaneni .
• Uma kuvela izimpawu ngemva kokubuya ohambweni olunjalo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Trypanosomiasis, isifo sokulala sase-Afrika, i-tsetse fly, ukutheleleka kwezinambuzane, isifo sase-Afrika, ukozela, izimpawu