Wake wezwa ngesimo esingavamile nesibucayi esitholakala kwezinye izingxenye zase-Afrika? Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-Trypanosomiasis . Abantu abaningi bavame ukukubiza ngokuthi “i-African Sleeping Sickness” ngoba esinye sezimpawu zaso eziphawulekayo yisifiso esikhulu sokulala njengoba lesi simo siqhubeka. Eqinisweni, lesi isifo esibi esibangelwa yi-parasite. Kwa- Nirogi Lanka , sifuna ukukusiza uqonde kahle ukuthi lesi simo sisebenza kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele ukwazi ngaso.
Kuyini i-Trypanosomiasis?
Kalula nje, i-Trypanosomiasis iyisifo esiyingozi esingasakazeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Ngokuvamile sithinta:
- Isikhumba sakho
- Igazi lakho
- Ama -lymph node akho
- Ubuchopho bakho kanye noketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla , okwaziwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokulunywa uhlobo oluthile lwempukane olutholakala e- Equatorial Africa , olubizwa ngokuthi i- Tsetse fly.. Izimpukane ze-tsetse ziyizinambuzane ezinkulu, ezinsundu ngokuphuzi noma ezinsundu ngokumnyama ezidla igazi, ngokuvamile zisukela kumasentimitha angu-0.2 kuya kwangu-0.6 (cishe amamilimitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-16) ubude. I-Equatorial Africa ibhekisela esifundeni esiwela i-equator ngaphansi kweHlane laseSahara. Izimpawu zingase zivele noma kuphi kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokutheleleka.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, nakuba i-Trypanosomiasis iyisifo eselaphekayo , ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa .
Lesi simo saziwa nangamanye amagama amaningana:
- Isifo sokulala sase-Afrika
- I-trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika
- I-trypanosomiasis yabantu base-Afrika (HAT)
Kungani kubizwa ngokuthi “isifo sokulala sase-Afrika”?
Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zaleli gama. Okokuqala, amagciwane adluliselwa yimpukane i-Tsetse fly evela e-Equatorial Africa. Okwesibili, uphawu lwalesi sifo ukuthi sithinta kanjani umjikelezo wakho wokulala , okuvame ukubangela ukozela okuqhubekayo nokweqile emini.
Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?
Ngokomlando, i-Trypanosomiasis yayivame kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-World Impilo Organization (WHO), amacala angaba ngu-30,000 abikwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinyathelo zokulawula eziqinile ezisetshenziswe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, inani lamacala lehle kakhulu . Ngo-2020, kwakunamacala angaphansi kuka-700 abikiwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Trypanosomiasis?
Izimpawu zikhula kancane kancane. Nakuba lesi sifo singesona esasendaweni yethu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Iqhubu elivuvukile, elishintshe umbala (elibomvu, elinsomi, noma elinsundu) endaweni okulunywe kuyo izinambuzane, okungaba buhlungu.
- Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo .
- Amakhaza .
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda .
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha .
- Ubuhlungu bamalunga .
- Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba .
- I-anemia (inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi).
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso kanye/noma ama-lymph node .
- Ukozela nobunzima bokuhlala uphapheme.
- Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukukhuluma .
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele , i-Trypanosomiasis ingaholela ekuqulekeni, ekukhubazekeni, ngisho nasekufeni .
Yini ebangela i-Trypanosomiasis?
Lesi simo sibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ze- protozoa ezincane kakhulu, ezineseli elilodwa :
- I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense : Ibangela amacala angaphezu kuka-90%.
- I-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense : Ibangela ngaphansi kuka-10% wamacala.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani kubantu?
Abantu bathola i-Trypanosomiasis ngokulunywa yimpukane ye-Tsetse ethelelekile . Lezi zimpukane zithola amagciwane ezilwaneni ezithelelekile (njengezinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, izingulube, amahhashi, noma amakamela) noma kwabanye abantu abathelelekile.
Ingabe i-Trypanosomiasis iyathelelana?
Idluliselwa kakhulu ngokulunywa yizimpukane. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa enganeni yakho .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, ukudluliselwa kungenzeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi . Sicela uqaphele ukuthi abahlinzeki bezempilo balandela izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iminikelo yegazi iyahlolwa futhi iphephile.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi sifo?
Izimpukane ze-tsetse zihlala emini , okusho ukuthi ziyasebenza emini. Zihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinehlathi kanye nama-savanna (indawo ehlanganisa izici zamahlathi kanye notshani) e-Afrika enkabazwe. Uma uchitha isikhathi kulezi zindawo ezithile, ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Trypanosomiasis iyanda kakhulu.
I-Trypanosomiasis itholakala kanjani?
Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuthola i-Trypanosomiasis ngokubukeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wohambo lwakho lwakamuva, nokwenza ukuhlolwa okujulile ngokomzimba.
Ngemva kwalokhu, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuxilongwa ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezisetshenziswayo?
Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekutholeni i-Trypanosomiasis:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzosebenzisa inalithi encane ukuqoqa isampula yegazi elincane emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Lesi sampula sibe sesihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane.
- Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-lymph node: Udokotela angasebenzisa inaliti ukukhipha uketshezi ku-lymph node evuvukele ukuze ahlole amagciwane.
- Ukumpompa komgogodla (ukubhoboza i-Lumbar): Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla emhlane wakho ongezansi ukuze aqoqe uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal . Bahlaziya lolu ketshezi ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini izimuncagazi noma izimpawu zokuvuvukala, njengenani eliphezulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi.
Ingabe i-Trypanosomiasis ingelapheka?
Yebo, ngokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, i-Trypanosomiasis ingelapheka ngokuphelele. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luncike kuhlobo oluthile lwe-Protozoa olubangele ukutheleleka nokuthi ngabe i-parasite isakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho bakho.
- Uma ukutheleleka kungasakazekelanga ebuchosheni bakho noma oketshezini lomgogodla , udokotela wakho angase akunike lokhu okulandelayo:
- Uma unayo (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) : Suramin .
- Uma une (i-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) : i-Fexinidazole noma i-Pentamidine .
- Uma ukutheleleka sekufinyelele ebuchosheni bakho noma ku-cerebrospinal fluid , udokotela wakho angase akunike lokhu okulandelayo:
- Uma une (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) : Melarsoprol .
- Uma une (i-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) : i-Fexinidazole , i-Eflornithine , i-Nifurtimox , noma i-Melarsoprol .
Kwezinye izimo, ama-corticosteroids angase anikezwe ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha.
Le mithi inganikezwa njengamaphilisi omlomo noma ngemithambo yegazi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqedele yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, noma ngabe uqala ukuzizwa ungcono. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela ekubuyeni kwesifo, okwenza ukwelashwa kwesikhathi esizayo kube nzima kakhulu.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Sikuqapha kanjani ukululama?
Akukho noyedwa ukuhlolwa okufakazela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-parasite isisusiwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha cishe iminyaka emibili ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuze aqaphele ukuthi izimpawu ziyabuya futhi. Uma izimpawu zibuya, uzophinda ukuhlolwa kwegazi noketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuze ahlole ukuthi ikhona yini i-parasite.
Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo liwumthombo ongcono kakhulu walolu lwazi. Ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bokutheleleka kwakho, lingakunikeza isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokululama kwakho.
Kwenzekani uma ngine-Trypanosomiasis?
Uma ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, umbono wakho wokululama muhle kakhulu. Iningi leziguli ezithola ukwelashwa zingakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu emva kokutheleleka zithola ukululama okuphelele.
Kodwa-ke, uma ingelashwa, i-Trypanosomiasis ingaba yingozi. Nakuba ukwelashwa kusengenzeka ngemva kokuba igciwane lifinyelele ebuchosheni kanye noketshezi lomgogodla, kuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi isibikezelo sokusinda siyancipha.
Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwesifo sokulala?
Uma belashwa ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, abantu abangaphezu kuka-95% abane-Trypanosomiasis bayasinda.
Iyini inhloso ye-Trypanosomiasis?
Imizamo yokunciphisa inani lamacala e-Trypanosomiasis eminyakeni engama-20 edlule ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. I-World Impilo Organization (WHO) izibekele umgomo wokuqeda i-Trypanosomiasis njengosongo empilweni yomphakathi ngo-2030 . Bahlose ukufeza lokhu ngamasu amaningana abalulekile:
- Ukwandisa imali yocwaningo.
- Ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuhlola ezithuthukisiwe zokuxilonga.
- Ukunikeza ukwelashwa okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo.
- Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimpukane ze-Tsetse nabantu.
Ingabe i-Trypanosomiasis ingavinjelwa?
Yebo. Uma uya ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, ungazivikela ekulunyweni yizimpukane ze-Tsetse ngokulandela lezi zincomo ezivela eNirogi Lanka:
- Gwema ukuya ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.
- Gqoka izingubo ezisindayo nezivikelayo, njengebhulukwe elide kanye namahembe anemikhono emide, njengoba izimpukane ze-Tsetse zingaluma ngendwangu encane.
- Khetha izingubo ezinombala ongathathi hlangothi. Izimpukane ze-tsetse zikhangwa yimibala ekhanyayo nemnyama. Khetha imibala emhlophe, empunga, ekhilimu, noma e-beige.
- Gwema ukuphumula eduze kwezihlahla noma izihlahla emini. Nakuba izimpukane ze-Tsetse zisebenza emini, zivame ukufuna umthunzi kulezi zindawo ngezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu zosuku.
- Faka izikrini emafasiteleni naseminyango.
- Hlala endlini ngezikhathi zomsebenzi we-Tsetse fly.
- Faka imithi yokuxosha izinambuzane evunyiwe noma amakhemikhali ezingutsheni zakho, ematendeni, nasematheni.
- Lala ngaphakathi kwetende eline-mesh encane noma ngaphansi kwenethi evikelekile. Qiniseka ukuthi itende lakho livalwe ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Hlola izimoto(izimoto noma amaloli) ukuze kungene izimpukane ze-Tsetse ngaphambi kokungena, njengoba zikhangwa ukunyakaza nothuli.
Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-Trypanosomiasis?
Cha, okwamanje akukho muthi wokugomela noma wokuvimbela otholakalayo we-Trypanosomiasis.
Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani uma ngine-Trypanosomiasis?
Uma uzizwa ungaphilile kahle ngemva kokubuya endaweni lapho i-Trypanosomiasis ivame khona, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha . Ngisho noma ungakhumbuli ukulunywa, yazisa udokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wohambo. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uyalulama ngokugcwele, landela ngokuqinile uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa olunqunyiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphumula kahle nokuhlala unamanzi ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi kuzosekela inqubo yakho yokululama.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uke wachitha isikhathi ezindaweni ezisengozini yokulunywa yizimpukane ze-Tsetse futhi waba nezimpawu ze-Trypanosomiasis, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ngemva kokwelashwa, kufanele uye ezivivinyweni ezivamile —ngokuvamile njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha okungenani iminyaka emibili. Uma kukhona izimpawu zokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe, udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye noketshezi lomgogodla.
Kufanele ngiye nini eGumbini Lezimo Eziphuthumayo (ER)?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima, iya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze ngokushesha, noma ushayele u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yezinsizakalo zezimo eziphuthumayo yasendaweni):
- Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-40°C (103°F).
- Ukudideka noma ukudideka.
- Ukuquleka.
Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
Uma uvakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ungase ufune ukubuza imibuzo elandelayo:
- Ngithole kanjani ngempela i-Trypanosomiasis?
- Uma lokhu kungeyona i-Trypanosomiasis, yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingachaza izimpawu zami?
- Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
- Yiziphi izivivinyo ozozithatha ukuze uhlole i-Trypanosomiasis?
- Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
- Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi ehambisana nokwelashwa okunconywayo?
- Kufanele ngilindele nini ukuqala ukuzizwa ngingcono?
- Yini enye engingayenza ukuze ngisheshise ukululama kwami?
- Ingabe kufanele ngiqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu?
- Kufanele ngibuye nini ukuze ngiyohlolwa ngokulandelana?
Ungakwazi yini ukuthola i-Trypanosomiasis izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa?
Yebo, ungangenwa yi-Trypanosomiasis izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ukululama ngempumelelo ekuthelelekeni kwangaphambilini akukuniki amandla okuzivikela, okusho ukuthi uhlala usesichengeni sokutheleleka kabusha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-African Trypanosomiasis kanye ne-American Trypanosomiasis?
I-American Trypanosomiasis yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi isifo i-Chagas . Lesi isifo esihlukile esibangelwa yi-parasite i-Trypanosoma cruzi . Sidluliselwa kakhulu kubantu ngokuxhumana nendle yezimbungulu ezinegciwane i-Triatomine , ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “izimbungulu eziqabulayo.”
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzithathe (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)
Ake sifingqe amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu nge-Trypanosomiasis empilweni yakho:
- Kuyisifo esibangelwa yizinambuzane esisakazwa ukulunywa yizimpukane ze-Tsetse , ezitholakala ezindaweni ezithile zase-Afrika.
- Nakuba ingelapheka uma itholakala kusenesikhathi , ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ingaxazululwa.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zemisipha, kanye nokuvuvukala kwama-lymph node, okungase kuqhubekele ebuthongweni obukhulu emini kanye nokudideka.
- Uma uya ezindaweni ezivame ukuba khona, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngokumelene nokulunywa yizimpukane kubalulekile .
- Uma uba nezimpawu ngemva kokuvakashela lezo zindawo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .
Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza ukuthi uhlale unolwazi. Hlala uphephile futhi unempilo nge-Nirogi Lanka!
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
💬 Ingabe i-Trypanosomiasis (iSifo Sokulala Sase-Afrika) idluliselwa omiyane?
Cha, ayidluliselwa ngomiyane. Isakazwa ukulunywa yimpukane i-Tsetse etholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. I-parasite (i-Trypanosoma brucei) ingena egazini lakho ngokulunywa yimpukane futhi ekugcineni ingangena ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okuholela ekuthelelekeni okukhulu kwe-parasite.
💬 Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi 'Ukugula Kokulala'?
Lokhu kubhekisela esigabeni sesibili esibucayi salesi sifo. Uma ukutheleleka kweqa isithiyo segazi nobuchopho kuya ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, kuphazamisa umjikelezo wakho wokulala. Ungase uzwe ubuthongo obukhulu emini ngenkathi uhlushwa ukuqwasha ebusuku. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lesi sigaba singaholela e-coma nokufa.
💬 Ingabe ngisengozini eSri Lanka? Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa?
Ngaphandle kokuthi uya ezindaweni ezithintekile (njengezingxenye ze-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara), awusengozini, njengoba kungekho zimpukane ze-Tsetse eSri Lanka. Kukhona ukwelashwa okukhethekile (njenge-Pentamidine noma i-Eflornithine), kodwa kumele kunikezwe ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kochwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sifo siyabulala ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma sesifinyelele esigabeni sezinzwa.
Amathegi: I-Trypanosomiasis, Isifo Sokulala Sase-Afrika, Impukane Ye-Tsetse, ukutheleleka kwezinambuzane, impilo yokuhamba, izimpawu
