Uke wazizwa ugula ngokuzumayo, waba nomkhuhlane omkhulu, futhi waba nokuqubuka okubomvu okufana nama-blister emzimbeni wakho? Mhlawumbe uke waya ehlathini noma ehlathini, noma uke wabona izimbungulu noma izinambuzane ekhaya lakho, futhi lokhu kwenzeke kuwe, kungaba yi-typhus. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lesi yisifo esingasekho. Kodwa akulona iqiniso, abantu basagula ngenxa yaso.

Kuyini iTyphus?

Kalula nje, i-Typhus igama elijwayelekile leqembu lezifo ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Lokhu kusakazeka ngokulunywa yizinambuzane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Uma kungelashwa kahle, lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu, akunjalo?

Esikhathini esidlule, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zenhlekelele njengempi nendlala, lezi zifo eziwumshayabhuqe we-typhus zazibulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Kodwa manje izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezinjalo azivamile. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-scrub typhus' lusathinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke lesi akusona isifo okufanele sikhohlwe.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-typhus?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Typhus. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu esivame ukukhuluma ngazo:

• I-Murine typhus: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-endemic typhus'. Kungabonakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka. Kuthambile kancane kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ze-typhus. I-Murine typhus isakazwa yizimpukane. Cabanga ukuthi ungayithola kumpukane enja noma ekatini lakho ekhaya.

• I-typhus ewubhubhane: Ibizwa nangokuthi 'i-Sylvatic typhus', ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu. I-typhus ewubhubhane isakazwa yizintwala zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi ibikwa emazweni afana ne-United States, lapho isakazwa khona ngokuxhumana nezingwejeje ezindizayo ezinegciwane.

• I-Scrub typhus: Lolu uhlobo esesilushilo kakade, olutholwa ngabantu abaningi. Lutholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, okungukuthi, eNingizimu-mpumalanga naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, eziQhingini zasePacific, eRussia nase-Australia. Lutholakala naseSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kutshalwa khona i-henna nasezindaweni eziseduze namahlathi. I-Scrub typhus isakazwa yizimpukane noma izimbuzane ezincane. Yizo ezithwala lesi sifo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Typhus?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezenzekayo uma uthola i-typhus. Lezi zimpawu azenzeki kubo bonke ngendlela efanayo, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile kuphela. Futhi, izimpawu zingase zihluke kancane kuye ngohlobo lwe-typhus.

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu: Lokhu kungaba ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (104 Fahrenheit). Lo mkhuhlane ungahlala izinsuku eziningana, noma ngisho namasonto.
• Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Umzimba wami wonke uyaqaqamba. Kuzwakala sengathi othile ungishayile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukuqubuka: Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuvela kwezinye izimpawu. Kuqala esifubeni nasesiswini bese kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, akubonakali ezintendeni zezandla noma ezinyaweni.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele: Njengasentanyeni nasemakhwapheni.
• Ukudideka noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile.
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa (Ukuquleka).
• I-Coma. Lezi yizimo ezibucayi kakhulu.
• I-Eschar: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kwi-scrub typhus. Isilonda esimnyama nesinamaqhubu sakha eduze kwendawo yokulunywa yizimpukane, sifana nokusha.

Khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu, kodwa uma unanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi ulunywe yisinambuzane, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Yini ebangela i-Typhus?

Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ze-typhus zibangelwa amagciwane, okusho izinto ezincane esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu.

• I-murine typhus ibangelwa yibhaktheriya i- Rickettsia typhi .
• I-typhus ewubhubhane ibangelwa yibhaktheriya i- Rickettsia prowazekii .
• I-Scrub typhus ibangelwa igciwane elithi `Orientia tsutsugamushi` .

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kunzima kancane, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi odokotela baxilonge lesi sifo ngokunembile.

I-Typhus idluliselwa kanjani?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani kithi. Sidluliselwa lapho i-flea, intwala, noma ikhizane ephethe igciwane le-Typhus ikuluma bese indle yazo ingena enxebeni lokuluma. Akumnandi neze, akunjalo? Kodwa kuyiqiniso.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-typhus zisakazwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane:

• I-Murine typhus: Lokhu kudluliswa yizimpukane zamakati (`Ctenocephalides felis`) kanye nezimpukane zamagundane (`Xenopsylla cheopis`). Njengoba igama lisho, akuzona nje amakati namagundane angathwala lesi sifo, kodwa futhi nezinye izimpukane ezifana nezinja, amagundane amancane, ama-opossum, ama-raccoon, kanye nama-squirrel. Ngakho-ke uma unezilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzigcina zihlanzekile.

• I-typhus ewumqedazwe: Lokhu kusakazwa yizintwala zomzimba. Lezi zintwala zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi lapho abantu behlala khona ndawonye futhi ukuhlanzeka okuyisisekelo, njengokugeza nokugqoka izingubo ezihlanzekile, akutholakali. Cabanga ngamakamu ababaleki, noma izindawo ezifana nemizi enabantu abaningi, engcolile. Emazweni afana ne-United States, lezi zintwala ezinegciwane zingasakazwa nayizilwane ezifana nezingwejeje ezindizayo.

• I-Scrub typhus:Kubangelwa ama-chigger, ahlala ezindaweni ezinotshani noma izihlahla eziningi. Uma uhamba ensimini, ensimini, noma ehlathini, lezi zidalwa zinganamathela emzimbeni wakho zikulume.

Ingabe i-Typhus iyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Cha, azikho kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu ze-typhus ezidluliselwa ngqo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Okusho ukuthi, azibanjwa kalula njengomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, izintwala zingathwala amagciwane e-typhus kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Ngakho-ke inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Typhus?

Usengozini yokuthola i-typhus uma usendaweni lapho kuvame khona izinambuzane, izintwala zomzimba, noma amakhizane athwala amagciwane abangela lesi sifo. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezinjalo futhi usebenza ngaphandle.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zeTyphus?

Uma lesi sifo singelashwa kahle, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zimbi kakhulu.

• Amahlule egazi.
• I-splenomegaly.
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso.
• I-Gangrene: Lokhu kusho ukufa kwezicubu.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• I-Meningitis: Isimo sobuchopho esifana nomkhuhlane.
• I-Myocarditis: Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• I-optic neuritis: Ukuvuvukala kwenzwa esweni.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi: Ukuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini.
• Inyumoniya.
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.

Ukutheleleka nge-typhus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungandisa ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokuzalwa kwesisindo esiphansi . Ngakho-ke, omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Itholakala kanjani i-Typhus?

Udokotela uvame ukuxilonga i-typhus ngokubheka izimpawu zakho nokuthi uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona noma uke waya kwenye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umlando wakho wohambo ubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi , noma athathe isampula encane (i-'biopsy') ye-'eschar', okungukuthi, uqweqwe lapho umkhaza uluma khona.

Uma uya kudokotela, kufanele usho ngokucacile ukuthi uke waya kuphi muva nje nokuthi ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulunywe yizilwane ezifana nezimpukane, izintwala, noma amakhizane. Ngisho noma ungakhumbuli, noma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulunywe.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma i-biopsy, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi imiphumela ibuye. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana esikhathini esingamasonto athile. Kodwa uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, uzoqala ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela.

Ingabe i-Typhus ingelapheka?

Yebo, impela! Ukutheleleka kwe-typhus kungelapheka ngokuphelele ngama -antibiotic . Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-antibiotic ebizwa ngokuthi i-doxycycline ( Doxycycline ) ye-murine, i-epidemic, kanye ne-scrub typhus. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe noma unezinye izinkinga zempilo, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze i-antibiotic ehlukile.

Kwenzekani uma ungenwa yi-Typhus?

Uma uthola i-typhus, kuzodingeka uthathe ama-antibiotics noma kuphi kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya emavikini amabili, kuye ngohlobo lwe-typhus.

Into eyodwa eqinisekile, uma ungatholi ukwelashwa kwe-typhus ewubhubhane, izimpawu zizophela isikhashana bese zibuya ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka kamuva. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isifo sikaBrill-Zinsser . Lesi siqephu sesibili sezimpawu ngokuvamile sincane kunesiqephu sokuqala. Akuvamile ukubangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zibuya, izintwala zingasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye. Ngakho khumbula lokho.

Ungasinda yini ku-typhus?

Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-typhus zingelapheka. Lokho kusho ukuthi isibikezelo sihle kakhulu.

I-murine typhus iyisifo esingavamile. Kodwa uma ingelashwa, izinga lokufa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-typhus liyahlukahluka. Ochwepheshe bathi ubhubhane kanye ne-scrub typhus ezingalashwanga zingaba nezinga lokufa eliphakathi kuka-10% no-30%. Ngakho-ke lesi akusona isifo okufanele sithathwe kalula, akunjalo?

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma unezimpawu ze-typhus futhi ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulunywe yi-flea, intwala, noma i-tick (ngisho noma ungakhumbuli), qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Tshela nodokotela wakho uma usanda kuhamba noma kuphi.

Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unezimpawu ezibucayi, shayela u-911 ngokushesha noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze. Lezi zimpawu ezibucayi yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu noma umkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa (Ukuquleka).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
• Uma umuntu engenakuvuswa, noma ebuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba avuke, shayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma ubona udokotela, kuzokusiza ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uwuthatha kanjani ngempela lo muthi?
• Ngingazivikela kanjani ezintwala, ezintwala, nasezintwaleni?
• Uma nginezintwala noma izintwala lapho ngihlala khona, ngingazisusa kanjani?

Indlela yokuvimbela i-Typhus?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-typhus ukugwema ukulunywa yizimpukane, izintwala, kanye namakhizane. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uzivikele kulokhu kulunywa yizinambuzane:

• Uma uphuma ngaphandle, sebenzisa isifutho sezimbungulu esivunyelwe ukuvimbela izinambuzane nama-tick.
• Uma ungaphandle, gqoka amabhulukwe amade, amasokisi, kanye namahembe anemikhono emide ukuze umboze umzimba wakho ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uma uya ezindaweni lapho ucabanga ukuthi kungase kube khona imikhaza, izinambuzane, noma izintwala, gqoka izingubo eziphathwe nge-permethrin. Kodwa ungayifaki i-permethrin ngqo esikhumbeni sakho.
• Khuluma nodokotela wezilwane wakho mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela izimpukane ukuthi zingangeni ezifuyweni zakho.
• Gcina izilwane ezifana namagundane nama-opossum kude nalapho uhlala khona, usebenza khona, futhi udlala khona. Susa izinqwaba zemfucuza, gcina amathini kadoti evaliwe kahle, bese uvala noma yiziphi izimbobo amagundane angase akwazi ukungena ngazo ekhaya lakho.
• Gcina ukudla neziphuzo zimboziwe kahle, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle.
• Geza umzimba wakho wonke njalo ngensipho namanzi ashisayo.
• Shintsha futhi ugeze izingubo zakho okungenani kanye ngesonto.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana nezingubo zokulala, izingubo, namathawula nabanye.
• Uma unezintwala ezingutsheni zakho, zigeze ngamanzi ashisayo bese uzisula kahle elangeni, noma zomise ekushiseni okuphezulu. Uma izingubo zakho zingagezwa ngomshini, ungazibulala nezintwala ngokuzifaka ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, uzivale kahle, bese uzishiya amasonto amabili.

Esikhathini esiningi, izinambuzane zimane nje ziyinkathazo. Kodwa zingasakaza izifo ezingakwenza ugule kakhulu. Ngisho noma i-typhus ingavamile endaweni yakini, kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zayo, ukuthi isakazeka kanjani, nokuthi ivame kakhulu kuphi.

Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Typhus igciwane elidluliselwa yizinambuzane (izintwala, izintwala, amakhizane). Akusona isifo okufanele sidlalwe ngaso, futhi singaba sibi kakhulu uma singelashwa kahle.
• Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, izinhlungu zomzimba, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu , ikakhulukazi uma uke wavezwa endaweni lapho kungase kube khona izinambuzane, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Ungaziniki imithi. Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokuthatha ama-antibiotic anikezwe udokotela.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekulunyweni yizinambuzane ukusebenzisa imithi yokuxosha izinambuzane, ukugqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho, ukugcina indawo yakho ihlanzekile, nokunakekela impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele lokhu ikakhulukazi futhi balandele izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, noma uma unezimpawu ezisolisayo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Ukuhlala uphilile kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

I- Typhus, i-Typhus, umkhuhlane wezinambuzane, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, izinambuzane, izintwala, amakhizane, i-Scrub typhus