Uyini ngempela umkhuhlane weTyphus? Lesi sifo esithwalwa yizinambuzane asiyona ihlaya! - Nirogi Lanka

Ingabe uzizwa ungaphilile ngokuzumayo ngenxa yomkhuhlane ophezulu futhi ubona ukuqubuka okubomvu noma amabala emzimbeni wakho? Uma lezi zimpawu zivele ngemuva kokuvakashela ihlathi noma amapulazi, noma uma uqaphele izinambuzane ezifana nezimbungulu noma izinambuzane ekhaya lakho, kungaba uphawu lwe-typhus. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sifo siyinto yesikhathi esidlule, kodwa eNirogi Lanka, sifuna wazi ukuthi kuseyingozi yangempela empilweni edinga ukunakekelwa.

Kuyini iTyphus?

Kalula nje, i-Typhus iyiqembu lezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane. Lezi zidluliselwa kuwe ngokulunywa yizinambuzane ezithelelekile. Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nokuqubuka komzimba. Uma kungelashwa, kungathuthuka kube yizinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ngakho-ke sicela ukuthathe ngokungathi sína.

Ngokomlando, ukuqubuka kwe-typhus kubulale amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zempi nendlala. Nakuba ubhubhane olukhulu kangaka lungavamile manje, uhlobo olwaziwa ngokuthi 'i-Scrub Typhus' lusathinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele minyaka yonke. Ngokuqinisekile kuyisimo okufanele uhlale usiqaphela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-typhus?

Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-typhus:

• I-Murine Typhus: Eyaziwa nangokuthi 'i-endemic typhus,' lolu hlobo lutholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka. Ngokuvamile luthambile kunezinye izinhlobo. I-Murine typhus idluliselwa yizimpukane; ngisho nempukane evela esilwaneni sasekhaya njengenja noma ikati ingakudlulisela lokhu kuwe.

• I-Epidemic Typhus: Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-sylvatic typhus,' lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika, naseMelika Ephakathi noma eNingizimu. Idluliselwa yizintwala zomzimba. Emazweni afana ne-USA, ingenzeka futhi ngokuxhumana nezingwejeje ezindizayo ezinegciwane.

• I-Scrub Typhus: Njengoba sishilo, lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luvame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-mpumalanga naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, eziQhingini zasePacific, eRussia nase-Australia. Lukhona eSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma emahlathini. I-Scrub typhus idluliselwa yizibungu ezithwala amagciwane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Typhus?

Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngomuntu kanye nohlobo lwe-typhus, kodwa ngokuvamile zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane Ophakeme: Ngokuvamile udlula u-40°C (104°F), okungase kuqhubeke izinsuku eziningana noma ngisho namasonto.
• Ukugodola.
• Ubuhlungu Bomzimba: Ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha nomzimba.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukuqubuka: Ngokuvamile kuvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuqala kwezinye izimpawu, kuqala esifubeni noma esiswini bese kusakazeka, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvinjelwa izintende zezandla zakho kanye nezinyawo zakho.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele: Ikakhulukazi entanyeni noma emakhwapheni.
• Ukudideka noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile.
• Ukuquleka.
• I-Coma: Lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
• I-Eschar: Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-Scrub Typhus, olubonakala njengesilonda esimnyama, esifana noqweqwe endaweni yokulunywa, ngokuvamile sifana nokusha.

Khumbula, ungase ungabi nazo zonke lezi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma usola ukuthi ulunywe yisinambuzane futhi ubonisa lezi zimpawu, sicela uxhumane nodokotela eNirogi Lanka noma esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiseduze nawe ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-Typhus?

Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ze-typhus zibangelwa amagciwane amancane kakhulu:

• I-murine typhus ibangelwa yi -'Rickettsia typhi' .
• I-typhus ewubhubhane ibangelwa yi -`Rickettsia prowazekii` .
• I-Scrub typhus ibangelwa `Orientia tsutsugamushi` .

Nakuba la magama eyinkimbinkimbi, abalulekile eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha ukuze linikeze ukuxilongwa okunembile.

I-Typhus idluliselwa kanjani?

Ibhaktheriya ye-typhus isakazeka lapho i-flea, intwala, noma i-mouse ethelelekile ikuluma bese ishiya indle yayo eduze kwenxeba lokuluma, bese ingena egazini lakho. Kubalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle nokulawula izinambuzane.

• I-Murine Typhus: Isakazwa yizimpukane zamakati (`Ctenocephalides felis`) kanye nezimpukane zamagundane (`Xenopsylla cheopis`). Ihlotshaniswa nezilwane ezifuywayo, amagundane, ama-opossum, kanye nama-raccoon. Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo zihlanzekile futhi ungavumeli amagundane ukuthi angene endaweni yakho yokuhlala.

• I-Epidemic Typhus: Isakazeka yizintwala zomzimba. Lokhu kukhula kahle ezindaweni eziminyene, ezingahlanzekile lapho ukugeza nezingubo ezihlanzekile kungafinyeleleki khona.

• I-Scrub Typhus: Isatshalaliswa yizibungu ezidla izintwala ezitholakala emahlathini anotshani noma amahlathi. Qaphela lapho uhamba ezitshalweni zasendle.

Ingabe i-Typhus iyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Cha, azikho izinhlobo ezintathu zeTyphus ezidluliselwa ngqo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azithelelani njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zokuhlala eziminyene, izintwala zomzimba zingadlulisela amagciwane e-typhus kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Typhus?

Uma uhlala noma uhamba uye ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izinambuzane, izintwala zomzimba, noma amakhizane athwala amagciwane abangela i-typhus, usengozini yokutheleleka. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uvakashela lezo zindawo noma usebenza ngaphandle.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yi-Typhus?

Uma ingelashwa, i-typhus ingadala izinkinga eziningana, ezinye zazo ezingathi sína kakhulu:

• Amahlule egazi.
• I-splenomegaly (ubende obukhulu).
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso.
• I-Gangrene (ukufa kwezicubu).
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• I-Meningitis (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho).
• I-Myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo).
• I-optic neuritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve).
• Ukuphuma kwegazi emithanjeni (ukunqwabelana koketshezi emaphashini).
• Inyumoniya.
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.

Uma uthola i-typhus ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, kunethuba elikhulu lokukhulelwa, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokuzalwa kwezingane ezinesisindo esiphansi. Omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu.

Itholakala kanjani i-Typhus?

Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzohlonza i-typhus ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nomlando wakho wakamuva wohambo noma indawo yokuhlala ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona. Umlando wakho wohambo uyingxenye yolwazi olubalulekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma enze i-biopsy ku-'eschar'—uqweqwe oluqhekekile oluvela endaweni yokulunywa yizikhaza.

Uma ubonana nodokotela, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nganoma yiluphi uhambo lwakamuva nokuthi usola ukuthi ulunywe yizintwala, izintwala, noma amakhizane. Ngisho noma ungaqiniseki, uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka, mtshele.

Ngezinye izikhathi, imiphumela yelabhorethri yokuhlolwa kwegazi noma i-biopsy ingathatha amasonto amaningana, futhi kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma esola i-typhus, ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yokugcina.

Ingabe i-Typhus ingelapheka?

Yebo, impela! Ukutheleleka kwe-typhus kungelapheka ngokuphelele ngama -antibiotic. Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza i-Doxycycline ye-Murine, i-Epidemic, kanye ne-Scrub typhus. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe noma unezinye izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo, udokotela wakho angakhetha i-antibiotic ehlukile ekufanele.

Kwenzekani uma ubamba iTyphus?

Uma uthola i-typhus, ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uthathe ama-antibiotic isikhathi esisukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya emavikini amabili, kuye ngohlobo oluthile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma i-Epidemic typhus ingelashwa, izimpawu zingase ziphele okwesikhashana futhi ziphinde zivele ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka kamuva. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isifo sikaBrill-Zinsser. Lezi zimpawu eziphindaphindayo ngokuvamile zincane kunezifo zokuqala futhi azivamile ukuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi uma lezi zimpawu zibuya, izintwala zisengadlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye.

Ingabe ukusinda kungenzeka uma ubamba iTyphus?

Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa ngendlela efanele ngama-antibiotic, cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-typhus ziyalapheka. Isibikezelo ngokuvamile sihle kakhulu.

Ukufa okubangelwa yi-Murine typhus akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kungelashwa, izinga lokufa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-typhus liyahlukahluka. Ochwepheshe bathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izinga lokufa kwe-Epidemic and Scrub typhus lingasukela ku -10% kuya ku-30%. Lesi akusona neze isimo okufanele sithathwe kalula umphakathi waseNirogi Lanka.

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma ubona izimpawu ze-typhus noma usola ukuthi ulunywe yi-flea, intwala, noma i-tick (ngisho noma ungakhumbuli kahle), funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yiluphi uhambo lwakamuva.

Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezinzima, shayela u-911 noma uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu ezinzima zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu noma umkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku eziningana.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zesimo sengqondo.
• Izimpawu zokuxhuzula.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
• Uma umuntu kunzima ukumvusa, noma ebuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba angasukuma, xhumana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo (911) ngokushesha.

Imibuzo Okufanele Uyibuze Udokotela Wakho

Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, le mibuzo ingakusiza ukuthi uphathe impilo yakho kangcono:

• Kufanele ngiyithathe kanjani ngempela le mithi?
• Yiziphi izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuzivikela ezifweni, ezifweni zezintwala kanye nasezintwaleni?
• Uma indawo yami yokuhlala igcwele izintwala noma izinambuzane, ngingaziqeda kanjani ngokuphephile?

Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Typhus

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-typhus ukugwema ukulunywa yizintwala, izintwala kanye namakhizane. Ungathatha lezi zinyathelo ukuze uzivikele:

• Uma uphuma ngaphandle, sebenzisa umuthi wokuxosha izinambuzane ovunyelwe yi-EPA.
• Gqoka amabhulukwe amade, amahembe anemikhono emide, kanye namasokisi ukuze umboze isikhumba esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka uma ungaphandle.
• Uma uvakashela izindawo ezaziwa ngama-tick, ama-fleas, noma izintwala, sebenzisa izingubo eziphathwe nge-permethrin. Ungayifaki i-permethrin ngqo esikhumbeni sakho.
• Xhumana nodokotela wezilwane wakho mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela izimpukane ezilwaneni zakho ezifuywayo.
• Gcina amagundane nama-opossum kude nekhaya lakho nezindawo zokudlala. Sula ibhulashi, gcina amathini kadoti evalwe kahle, bese uvala noma yiziphi izindawo zokungena lapho amagundane angangena khona.
• Gcina konke ukudla neziphuzo zimboziwe kahle, ikakhulukazi uma udla ngaphandle.
• Geza njalo ngensipho namanzi afudumele.
• Shintsha futhi ugeze izingubo zakho okungenani kanye ngesonto.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana nezingubo zokulala, amathawula, noma izingubo nabanye.
• Uma izingubo zakho zigcwele izintwala, zigeze ngamanzi ashisayo bese uzisula ekushiseni okuphezulu. Uma ufuna izinto ezingenakuhlanzwa ngomshini, zivale ezikhwameni zepulasitiki amasonto amabili ukuze ubulale izintwala.

Nakuba izinambuzane zivame ukuba yinkinga nje, zingadlulisela izifo ezingathi sína. Ngisho noma i-typhus ingavamile endaweni yakini, ukwazi izimpawu, ukuthi isakazeka kanjani, nokuthi ungahlala kanjani uphephile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohambo lwakho lwezempilo neNirogi Lanka.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• I-Typhus igciwane elibangelwa amagciwane elisakazwa yizinambuzane (izintwala, izintwala, amakhizane). Yisimo esibi esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Uma uba nomkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuqubuka, izinhlungu zomzimba, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu —ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba sendaweni lapho lezi zinambuzane zikhona khona—bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• Ungazami ukuzixilonga noma ukuzelapha. Udinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ama-antibiotic afanele.
• Ukuvimbela kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Ukusebenzisa izithiyo zokuxosha, ukufihla, ukugcina indawo yasekhaya lakho ihlanzekile, nokunakekela impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo kubalulekile.
• Omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu futhi balandele ngokuqinile lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Uma uneminye imibuzo noma ubhekene nezimpawu, sicela ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukuhlala unolwazi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlala uphilile!

Amagama angukhiye: I-Typhus, umkhuhlane othwalwa yizinambuzane, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, izinambuzane, izintwala, ama-Chiggers, i-Scrub Typhus