Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi into efana nendebe noma ipeni iwela phansi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu? Noma uzizwa sengathi imilenze yakho iyakhubeka lapho uhamba, noma amazwi akho ayakhubeka lapho ukhuluma? Nakuba lezi ngokuvamile ziyizinto ezenzeka kithi, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zento ethile engathi sína eyenzekayo emzimbeni wethu. Yileyo ndlela esizokhuluma ngayo ngesifo esihlobene nesimiso sethu sezinzwa namuhla. Leyo yi-ALS.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ALS?
I-ALS isifinyezo se- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis . Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi 'isifo sikaLou Gehrig', ngemuva kukaLou Gehrig, umdlali we-baseball odumile ngawo-1930. Kalula nje, yisifo esithinta isimiso sethu sezinzwa, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana ezinzwa abizwa ngokuthi ama-motor neurons .
Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ziyini lezi zinzwa zomzimba. Cabanga nje, uphakamisa ingalo, unyakazisa umlenze, ukhuluma, uhlafuna ukudla... Ukwenza konke lokhu ngokuzithandela, akunjalo? Lawa ma-neuron omzimba alawula imisipha yokuzithandela esiyicabangayo futhi esiyilawulayo. Lawa maseli ezinzwa athwala umyalezo ovela ebuchosheni uye emisipheni, ethi, "Yenza lokhu." Lapho i-ALS ikhula, lawa ma-neuron omzimba ayancipha kancane kancane futhi angasebenzi. Khona-ke imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni ayifinyeleli kahle emisipheni. Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha iyancipha kancane kancane futhi iyancipha.
Into edabukisa kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo sigcina sibuthakathaka i-diaphragm, imisipha esisiza ukuphefumula. Iziguli eziningi ziyafa ngenxa yokwehluleka kokuphefumula . Akukabikho ikhambi eliqinisekile lalesi sifo.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-ALS?
Imbangela eqondile ye-ALS ayikatholakali okwamanje, kodwa ezinye izici eziyingozi sezitholiwe.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Kumaphesenti amancane abantu abane-ALS, cishe u-10%, kuyifa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini enalesi sifo, kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi isakhi sofuzo sizodluliselwa ezinganeni zakhe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ALS yomndeni .
- Ubudala: Ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo iyanda njengoba umuntu ekhula aze abe neminyaka engu-75. Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-60 no-80.
- Ubulili: Phakathi kwabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65, amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola lesi sifo kunabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engama-70, lowo mehluko uyanyamalala.
- Ukubhema:Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ababhemayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ALS, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
- Ubuthi : Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, njenge-lead, nakho kungaba yimbangela yengozi. Lokhu kusaphenywa.
- Inkonzo Yezempi: Ngokumangalisayo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi labo abaye bakhonza empini basengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola i-ALS. Imbangela eqondile ayaziwa, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi ihlobene nezici ezifana nokuchayeka ebuthi kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu.
- Ukukhubeka ngenkathi uhamba, imilenze iyaphambana.
- Ubunzima bokubamba into ngokuqinile esandleni (isib., ukuwisa izinkomishi, amapani).
- Inkulumo engaqondakali .
- Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla noma uketshezi.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha noma ubuhlungu.
- Ukunyakazisa imisipha - okubizwa nangokuthi i-fasciculations .
- Ubunzima bokugcina ukuma komzimba, ukungakwazi ukugcina intamo iqondile.
- I-EMG (i-Electromyography):Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi emisipheni. Ku-ALS, imisipha ayitholi imiyalezo evela emisipheni ngendlela efanele, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwe-EMG kukhombisa iphethini ethile engavamile.
- Ucwaningo Lokuqhutshwa Kwezinzwa: Lokhu kulinganisa isivinini lapho izimpawu zikagesi zihamba khona ezinzwa. Lokhu kunganikeza umbono wezinga lomonakalo ezinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kusiza ngemisebenzi emikhulu yemisipha njengokuhamba nokuma.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi: Kusiza ngamakhono okunyakaza okuhle njengokubopha izinkinobho zehembe nokudla ngesipuni.
- Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo: Kusiza ekucaciseni inkulumo nokuphatha ubunzima bokugwinya.
- I-ALS yisifo esithinta amangqamuzana ezinzwa abizwa ngokuthi ama-motor neurons alawula imisipha yethu yokuzithandela.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zingaba zicashile kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ubuthakathaka ezithweni zomzimba, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nokukhuluma okungacacile.
- Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuthola lesi sifo, futhi ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa ngokukhipha ezinye izifo.
- Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lalesi sifo, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo, kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene okusiza kungagcina izinga lempilo yesiguli lisezingeni elihle.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu isikhathi eside, qiniseka ukuthi ucela usizo lwezokwelapha.
Okubalulekile: Uma usola ukuthi udle ikhemikhali enobuthi, ungesabi bese ushayela iNational Poisons Information Centre eColombo National Hospital ukuze uthole iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-ALS?
Izimpawu ze-ALS aziveli ngokuzumayo, kodwa zihamba kancane kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ungase uqaphele ushintsho oluncane kakhulu. Mhlawumbe isandla sakho sizizwa singakhululekile uma ubamba isiteringi semoto. Noma ungase ube nobunzima bokukhuluma ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ezinye izimpawu. Izimpawu zokuqala ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.
Kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokuqala:
Lesi sifo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni esiqala ngayo: Ukuqala kwezitho zomzimba (kuqala ezithweni) kanye nokuqala kwe-Bulbar (kuqala ngobunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya) .
| Indlela lesi sifo esiqala ngayo | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Ukuqala Kwezitho Zomzimba (Umgogodla) | Kwabaningi, lesi sifo siqala ngale ndlela. Izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala ezingalweni noma emilenzeni.
|
| Ukuqala kwe-Bulbar (ukuqala kokukhuluma/ukugwinya) | Lokhu akuvamile kangako. Izimpawu ziqala emisipheni yobuso, entanyeni, nasemphinjeni.
|
| Lesi sifo siya siba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. | |
| Uma isifo siba sibi kakhulu | Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuncipha kwemisipha (ukuwohloka), ubunzima bokuhlafuna nokugwinya, ukungakwazi ukuqonda inkulumo, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. |
I-ALS itholakala kanjani?
Ukuxilonga i-ALS kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okuxilonga ngqo. Odokotela bayawasusa wonke amanye ama-condition angabangela izimpawu zakho ngaphambi kokuthola ukuthi une -ALS.
Udokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi udokotela wezinzwa, uzokwenza lezi zivivinyo:
1. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha: Sizoxoxa kabanzi ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni, futhi sihlole ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kusiza ekususeni ezinye izimo ezingase zibonise izimpawu ezifana ne-ALS, njengesifo se-thyroid, ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12, kanye nezinye izifo.
3. I-MRI scan: I-MRI ayibonisi ngqo i-ALS, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlola ezinye izimbangela, njengesimila sobuchopho noma somgogodla noma idiski eshelelayo.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrophysiological: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS kuyinto enkulu, abantu abaningi bayalingeka ukuthola umbono wesibili. Lokho kuyinto enhle. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo siyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyasiza ukuhlolwa futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezingaba yi-6 ukuze ubone ukuthi izimpawu sezithuthukile yini.
Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu?
Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuphelele kwe-ALS, kunezindlela eziningi zokuphatha izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinsiza ezifana nezihlalo zabakhubazekile, imishini ye-CPAP yokusiza ngokuphefumula, kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha obukhethekile (isofthiwe yokubona amehlo) ukusiza labo abanobunzima bokukhuluma ukuthi baxhumane.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eqhubeka nokuzwa izimpawu ezibalwe lapha, sicela ungachithi isikhathi futhi ubone udokotela ofanelekayo . Ukuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi kuwusizo olukhulu ekusilawuleni.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho