Wake wanyathela isipikili esigqwalile wacabanga, 'Hawu, kuzodingeka ngithole umjovo we-tetanus manje'? Noma wake wacabanga, 'Lokhu ngeke kukulimaze' uma uthola ukulimala okuncane? Iningi lethu selizwile nge-tetanus, kodwa asazi ngempela ukuthi iyingozi kangakanani. I-tetanus, noma njengoba yaziwa ngokwezokwelapha, iyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngayo ngendlela elula neqondakala kalula.
Iyini ngempela i-tetanus?
Kalula nje, i-tetanus iyisifo esiyingozi esithinta uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa. Kwenzeka lapho ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Clostridium tetani' bungena emzimbeni wethu. Ama-spores aleli bhaktheriya angatholakala cishe noma kuphi endaweni ezungezile. Avame kakhulu enhlabathini, othulini, nasendle yezilwane . Izindawo lapho kunezinto zensimbi ezindala njengezipikili ezigqwalile zinethuba elikhulu lokugcina leli bhaktheriya ngoba kukhona ukungcola nothuli.
Umbono ovamile oyiphutha ukuthi ukugqwala kubangela amabhamuza. Eqinisweni, amabhamuza awabangelwa ukugqwala, kodwa abangelwa amagciwane asemhlabathini noma endle angase anamathele emishinini egqwalile.
Uma lawa ma-spores ebhaktheriya engena emzimbeni wakho ngesilonda esijulile esikhumbeni sakho, aqala ukukhula endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo ophansi. Abe esekhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi obubizwa ngokuthi 'i-tetanospasmin.' Lobu buthi buhamba egazini bunamathele eziphethweni zethu zemizwa, buhambe buye emgogodleni. Lapho, buvimba izimpawu ezitshela imisipha yethu ukuthi iphumule. Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha iyaqina, amathambo omhlathi ayanamathelana, bese kuvela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-lockjaw' .
Lesi yisimo esibucayi kakhulu. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kusegumbini lokunakekelwa okujulile esibhedlela sesimanje, phakathi kuka-10% no-20% walabo abangenwe yilesi sifo bangafa. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.
Ukuqhuma kungavela kanjani?
Ibhaktheriya ye-Clostridium tetani ingabangela i-tetanus uma ingena emzimbeni ngenxeba. Ake sibheke izindlela lokhu okwenzeka ngazo kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lokulimala | Izibonelo nezincazelo |
|---|---|
| Amanxeba Okubhoboza | Amanxeba ajulile angena esikhumbeni ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezipikili, ameva, noma izingcezu zokhuni ezibukhali. |
| Amanxeba angcolile | Amanxeba angcoliswe inhlabathi, indle yezilwane, amathe, njll. |
| Amanxeba anezicubu ezifile | Ukusha okukhulu, i-frostbite. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Izinaliti ezingcolile ezisetshenziswa ukujova izidakamizwa, ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini engcolile, ukulunywa yizilwane, kanye nokulunywa yizinambuzane (okungavamile). |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, uma ungakawutholi umuthi wakho wokugomela isimungumungwane ngendlela efanele, usengozini yokulimala kwanoma yikuphi kwalokhu.
Kunamaqembu amaningana asengozini enkulu:
- Abantu abafaka izidakamizwa.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. labo abenza i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza).
- Abanesifo sikashukela.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala (njengoba ukuzivikela komzimba emgomeni kungase kwehle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi).
Ziyini izimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu?
Izimpawu zingavela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezingama-21 ngemva kokutheleleka yi-flu. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-8. Uphawu lokuqala ukukhiya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umlomo awukwazi ukuvulwa. Ngemuva kwalokho izimpawu zisakazeka kancane kancane emzimbeni wonke.
| Izimpawu eziyinhloko |
|---|
| Ukukhiya umhlathi (ukukhiya umhlathi). |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya. |
| Ukuqina kwemisipha okubuhlungu emzimbeni wonke. |
| Ukuqina kwemisipha okuzumayo, okunzima. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane, kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile. |
| Izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. |
| Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuquleka kungase kwenzeke. |
Zinjani i-Muscle Spasms?
Lesi esinye sezibonakaliso ezinzima nezibuhlungu kakhulu zokuxhuzula. Cabanga nje, ukuzwa umsindo omncane, umuntu othinta umzimba wakho, noma ukukhanyisa isibani kungabangela lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemisipha. Ngalesi sikhathi, intamo yakho nomhlane wakho kugoba emuva njengomnsalo, imilenze yakho iqonde futhi iqine, futhi izingalo zakho zinamathelana zibe yizibhakela. Lesi simo singahlala imizuzu eminingana, futhi ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuphefumula phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile ukuthola isimungumungwane. Udokotela uzohlonza lesi sifo ngokubukeza izimpawu zakho, imininingwane yokulimala, kanye nomlando wokugoma.
Ukwelashwa kwe-eclampsia kuvame ukudinga ukuhlala esibhedlela, ngokuvamile egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) . Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Ukwelapha inxeba: Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlanza inxeba kahle bese ususa noma yiziphi izicubu ezifile kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingaphandle kwenxeba. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimba amagciwane ukuthi angaqhubeki nokukhula.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG): Lo muthi uhlinzeka ngama-antibodies asheshayo okubhubhisa ubuthi be-tetanus obujikeleza emzimbeni.
- Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic afana ne-Metronidazole anikezwa ukubulala amagciwane i-Clostridium tetani.
- Imithi yokulawula ukuqaqamba kwemisipha: Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okubuhlungu kulawulwa ngokunikeza imithi yokudambisa efana ne-'Diazepam'.
- Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo: Uma isiguli sinenkinga yokuphefumula sodwa, kunikezwa usizo lomshini. Njengoba singakwazi ukugwinya ukudla, kufakwa ipayipi ngekhala bese kunikezwa ukudla okunomsoco ophezulu. Isiguli siqashwe ngokucophelela yithimba lezokwelapha kuze kube yilapho silulama ngokugcwele.
Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu - goma!
Into engcono kakhulu ngesimungumungwane ukuthi singavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngomjovo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungacabangi ukuthi ngoba nje wake waba ne-chickenpox kanye, ngeke uphinde uyithole. Ngisho noma ungalulama kulesi sifo, umzimba wakho awukhuli amandla okuzivikela ahlala njalo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uphinde ugonywe ngisho nangemva kokuba usululame.
Ezweni lakithi, izingane zinikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-'DTaP' (i-diphtheria, i-pertussis, kanye ne-whooping cough) zisencane. Kodwa lowo muthi wokugomela awuhlali isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, njengomuntu omdala, kufanele ukhumbule lezi zinto:
- Thola umjovo wokuqinisa isimungumungwane njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 .
- Uma unenxeba elijulile noma elingcolile, futhi sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 kusukela wagonywa okokugcina (noma ungakhumbuli ukuthi nini) , bona udokotela ngokushesha bese uthola umjovo wokuqinisa.
Uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, ungacabangi ukuthi ukulimala kuncane. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-tetanus yisifo esibi esithinta isimiso sezinzwa futhi asibangelwa ukugqwala, kodwa yibhaktheriya etholakala enhlabathini nasothulini.
- Ukushaqeka kanye nokuqina kwemisipha okukhulu yizimpawu eziyinhloko , futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni .
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuyimpoqo ukuze welashwe, futhi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthola umjovo wokuqinisa isimungumungwane njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
- Uma unezilonda ezijulile nezingcolile, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha ukuze ahlole imijovo yakho.
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