Abanye omama nobaba bazizwa besaba futhi besaba kancane lapho bezwa ukuthi ingane yabo encane idinga ukugonywa. "O, dokotela, lokhu ngeke kulimaze lutho, akunjalo? Ingabe izokuba nomkhuhlane omncane? Ingabe izoyeka ukuncelisa?" Lena mhlawumbe yimibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho. Kujwayelekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale mijovo ukuze silungise noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.
Know your body mass index (BMI) and weight classification
Kalula nje, uyini lo muthi wokugomela?
Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengezwe elivikelwe kahle. Izitha ezivela ngaphandle ukuzohlasela leli zwe zingamagciwane, okungukuthi, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, njll. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zifo sizibiza ngokuthi amagciwane . Uma lezi zitha zingena emzimbeni, siyagula.
Umuthi wokugoma uwukuqeqeshwa okuqeqesha 'amasosha okuzivikela' emizimba yethu (okungukuthi , amasosha omzimba ) ukuthi aqaphele lezi zitha ngaphambi kokuba zize ngempela futhi zibangele umonakalo omkhulu ezweni lethu (umzimba). Kufana nokuzilolonga kwezempi.
Umuthi wokugoma usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Lena inqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani.
1. Impendulo Eyinhloko Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni: Lapho siqala ukuhlangana negciwane elisha, amasosha ethu omzimba ayasaba kancane. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuqaphela isitha nokwenza 'izikhali' ezifanele (esizibiza ngokuthi lawa ma-antibodies ) ukuze asibhubhise. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sigula ngezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane.
2. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nenkumbulo: Umuthi wokugoma uyindlela yokuqeqesha ibutho lethu ngokufaka uhlobo olubuthakathaka noma olubulewe lwesitha, noma ingxenye yaso encane kakhulu , emzimbeni. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufundisa amasosha ethu omzimba ukwenza ama-antibodies awadingayo ukulwa naleso sitha. Kuphinde kwakha uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli enkumbulo' akhumbula leso sitha. Lawa maseli afana nokuba nephosta 'Efunwayo' yesitha.
3. Impendulo Yesibili Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni: Manje cabanga ukuthi ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, ngolunye usuku leso sitha sangempela (igciwane) singena emzimbeni wakho. Bese kwenzeka into emangalisayo! 'Amaseli enkumbulo' emzimbeni wethu ayasiqaphela ngokushesha nje lapho esibona, ecabanga ukuthi, "Ah... lesi isitha esijwayelekile," futhi, njengenjwayelo, asheshe akhiqize inani elikhulu lalezo 'zikhali' (Ama-Antibodies) futhi abhubhise isitha. Asinaso ngisho nesikhathi sokugula.
Kalula nje, umuthi wokugoma ufana nothisha ofundisa imizimba yethu ukulwa nesifo ngaphambi kokuba sikhule.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma, akunjalo?
Yebo, yize umgomo ufana, kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza imijovo. Uhlobo ngalunye luqeqesha amasosha ethu omzimba ngokushintshashintsha okuncane.
| Uhlobo Lomuthi Wokugoma | Indlela esebenza ngayo | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Imithi yokugoma ephilayo encishisiwe | Igciwane langempela lisetshenziswa ngendlela ebuthaka kakhulu. Isivikelo esinikezwa yilokhu sinamandla kakhulu. | Imithi yokugomela i-measles, i-mumps, i-rubella (MMR), i-chickenpox, kanye ne-rotavirus. |
| Imithi yokugoma engasebenzi | Amagciwane abulawa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe. Awekho amathuba okuthi abangele izifo. | I-polio (uhlobo olujovwayo), i-Hepatitis A, imijovo ye-rabies. |
| Umuthi wokugomela i-subunit | Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa lonke igciwane, kusetshenziswa ingxenye kuphela yeprotheni noma ushukela wayo ovuselela amasosha omzimba. | I-Hepatitis B, i-HPV (umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho), imijovo ye-Shingles. |
| Umuthi wokugomela i-Toxoid | Ubuthi obukhiqizwa amanye amagciwane buyabuthaka futhi busetshenziswa ngendlela engenangozi. | Imithi yokugomela i-Tetanus ne-Diphtheria. |
| Umuthi Wokugomela i-Nucleic Acid (i-Nucleic Acid - mRNA) | Ingxenye yegciwane inikeza amangqamuzana omzimba wethu 'imiyalelo' (i-mRNA) yokwenza eyawo. Umzimba wakha amasosha omzimba angavikeleki kuleyo ngxenye. | Eminye imithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 yenzelwe. |
Yini ngempela equkethwe umuthi wokugoma? Ingabe lokhu kuphephile?
Into eyodwa eyethusa abantu abaningi ezinye izithako ezikumgomo. Cishe uke wezwa izindaba ezinjengokuthi "Lokhu kune-mercury, lokhu kune-cocaine, lokhu kunalokhu." Ake sibheke ukuthi yini ngempela ekukuyo.
- I-Antigen: Lena yigciwane elibuthakathaka/elibulewe noma ingxenye yalo esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili. Yilokhu okudala amasosha omzimba.
- Izithasiselo: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle komjovo. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba. Usawoti we-aluminium uyisibonelo salokhu. Utholakala emanzini esiwaphuzayo nakweminye imithi.
- Izithako zokuvikela: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni emgomeni lapho abantu abaningi begonywa ngebhodlela elifanayo. Iningi lemithi yokugoma liyidosi eyodwa futhi alinazo lezi.
- Iziqinisi: Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ikhwalithi yomjovo izinzile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokugcina. I-Gelatin ingenye yezithako ezinjalo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi zonke lezi zinto zengezwa emgomeni ngamanani amancane kakhulu . Kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi lawo manani awawona ingozi emzimbeni womuntu nhlobo. Ezinye izinto (isib. i-Formaldehyde) zikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
Ubani okufanele agonywe futhi ngani?
Impendulo elula iwukuthi, wonke umuntu ongakwazi kufanele agonywe . Kunezizathu eziningana zalokho.
1. Ukuzivikela: Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside, kanye nokufa ngezifo ezithelelanayo.
2. Ukuvikela abanye: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abangacabangi ngayo. Kukhona abantu emphakathini abangakwazi ukugonywa. Isibonelo, izingane ezinezinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana nomdlavuza. Uma sigonywa, ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kuyaphela. Kuphinde kuvikele labo bantu abasengozini. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuzivikela komhlambi' .
3. Ukuvikela uhlelo lwezibhedlela: Lapho isifo sisakazeka njengobhubhane, izibhedlela ziyakhungatheka. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngabantu abanezinye izifo ukuthola ukwelashwa. Ukugoma kungavimbela leso simo.
4. Ukuqeda izifo: Uma wonke umuntu emhlabeni egonywa, ezinye izifo zingasuswa emhlabeni. Isifo esibulalayo i-smallpox sasuswa emhlabeni ngenxa yokugonywa.
Ingabe zikhona ngempela izingozi ezivela emithini yokugoma?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ukugoma kungadala imiphumela emibi emincane kakhulu.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane:Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, umkhuhlane omncane, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba ngokuvamile kuyaphela phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Lokhu empeleni kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi amasosha omzimba wakho aqala ukusebenza.
- Imiphumela emibi kakhulu: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba noma izimo ezihilela isimiso sezinzwa njenge-Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Kodwa khumbula, amathuba okuba into efana nale yenzeke mancane kakhulu kunamathuba okugula nokugula kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthola umuthi wokugomela.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nezinganekwane
1. Ingabe imijovo ibangela i-autism?
Lutho neze. Lena yinganekwane enkulu kunazo zonke. Le ndaba, evela ocwaningweni oluncane kakhulu, olunephutha olwenziwe eminyakeni edlule, selokhu yafakazelwa ukuthi iyiphutha ngokuphelele yizifundo ezinkulu ezibandakanya amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke ungesabi nhlobo.
2. Ingabe imijovo iyayishintsha i-DNA yethu?
Cha. Izinto ezikumgomo azibophi ku-nucleus noma ku-DNA yamaseli ethu nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ziyasuswa emzimbeni zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
3. Ngithole umjovo kodwa ngisagula. Ngakho ingabe umjovo awusizi ngalutho?
Ungacabangi kanjalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ungagula ngisho nangemva kokugonywa, kodwa umuthi wokugoma unciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu besifo kanye nengozi yezinkinga . Lokho kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sokuthi uthole i-pneumonia, ube nenkinga yokuphefumula, futhi kufanele uye e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) , ungathola umkhuhlane ophansi futhi uphile kahle ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ukusindise ezinkingeni eziningi.
4. Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngaphambi nangemva kokuba ingane yami ithole umuthi wokugoma?
Udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu. Ngokuvamile kubalulekile ukuthi ingane yakho ibe nempilo enhle ngaphambi kokugonywa. Uma kunomkhuhlane omncane ngemva kokugonywa, nikeza umthamo ofanele we-paracetamol njengoba udokotela emyalile. Uma ingane yakho iziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile noma inomkhuhlane ophezulu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukugoma akuyingozi. Kufana nokuqeqeshwa kokuvikela imizimba yethu ezifweni.
- Ukugonywa akugcini nje ngokuvikela wena, kodwa nabathandekayo bakho kanye nomphakathi wonke ezifweni ezingathi sína.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane ngemva kokugoma ivamile. Iyisibonakaliso sokuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ayasebenza.
- Akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemithi yokugoma kanye ne-autism. Lokho kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nomuthi wokugoma, sicela nikhulume nodokotela wakho ngakho.Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile. Ungakholwa yikho konke okuzwayo noma okufundayo ku-inthanethi.
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